X-Git-Url: https://code.delx.au/refind/blobdiff_plain/fcc22e238352b5d7f165266ac30cc1b309c63d0f..ea0768929fa3b215a77375130c19ae0710947400:/BUILDING.txt diff --git a/BUILDING.txt b/BUILDING.txt index 6933ef2..14096c5 100644 --- a/BUILDING.txt +++ b/BUILDING.txt @@ -1,85 +1,51 @@ -From rEFIt to rEFInd -==================== - -rEFInd is derived from rEFIt (http://refit.sourceforge.net), but the two -programs support different build environments. rEFIt was created with -Intel's EFI Application Toolkit -(http://www.intel.com/technology/efi/toolkit_overview.htm) or TianoCore's -EFI Toolkit (https://efi-toolkit.tianocore.org), along with Microsoft's -Visual C compiler. - -Compiling the source code provided on the rEFIt site under Linux never -worked for me, although the documentation claimed it would. Apparently -other Linux developers have run into the same problem; Debian provides a -rEFIt package (http://packages.debian.org/sid/refit) that includes -extensive patches to enable the program to compile under Linux using the -GNU-EFI package (http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/). Although -GNU-EFI is less sophisticated than recent versions of TianoCore's toolkit, -GNU-EFI is my preferred environment because it's provided with many Linux -distributions and it was easy to get started with rEFInd development by -using GNU-EFI and the Debian rEFIt package as a starting point. - -Over time, though, I've found that the recent TianoCore EDK2 toolkit has -its advantages. Two features, in particular, require the TianoCore EDK2 -toolkit: - -- The EFI filesystem drivers, added with rEFInd 0.4.0. This requirement is - a consequence of the derivation of the drivers, which is via VirtualBox - and the Clover boot loader, both of which are based on EDK2. - -- The legacy BIOS boot feature for UEFI-based PCs. EDK2 is needed in this - case because of features unique to that environment. Note that the legacy - BIOS boot feature for Macs works when rEFInd is built via either GNU-EFI - or the TianoCore EDK2. - -For these reasons, effective with rEFInd 0.4.6, I've switched the primary -build environment from GNU-EFI to TianoCore EDK2. The rEFInd binary itself -still builds via GNU-EFI, but you must pass the "gnuefi" build target to -make in order to build in this way, and the resulting binary can't boot -BIOS-based OSes on UEFI PCs. - -I've dropped ancillary programs, such as the gptsync program, from rEFInd. -You can still use these tools with rEFInd, but you'll need to install them -separately. - - Requirements ============ To compile rEFInd, you'll need the following: * A Linux installation. Note that this installation does NOT need to be - EFI-based. It can be 32- or 64-bit, but unless you use a cross-compiler - (which I've not tested), it must be the appropriate bit width for your - EFI implementation. (Normally that means 64-bit.) If you don't normally - run Linux, you can run it in a VirtualBox or similar virtual machine. (I - describe some unsupported non-Linux build options shortly.) - -* A standard set of Linux development tools, based on GCC. + EFI-based. It can use IA32 (aka x86, i386, or other things), X64 (aka + x86-64, AMD64, or EM64T), or AA64 (aka AARCH64 or ARM64), but unless you + use a cross-compiler, it must use the same CPU type and bit depth as your + EFI implementation. (Normally that means 64-bit X64.) If you don't + normally run Linux, you can run it in a VirtualBox or similar virtual + machine. (I describe some unsupported non-Linux build options shortly.) + +* A standard set of Linux development tools, based on GCC. (I've tried + using clang 3.4 under Ubuntu, with partial success. The main rEFInd + binary, gptsync, and some drivers compile successfully; but only gptsync + runs normally. The drivers I've tried and the main rEFInd binary crash.) * One of the following: * The TianoCore EDK2 package - (http://sourceforge.net/projects/tianocore/). I've tested using the - UDK2010.SR1 and UDK2010.SR1.UP1 variants - (http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=UDK2010), - which are "frozen," rather than the main EDK2 development branch, which - is changing as the developers add features, fix bugs, and so on. Using - TianoCore EDK2 is supported in rEFInd version 0.4.3 and later (0.4.0 - and later for the filesystem drivers only). See below for TianoCore - setup instructions. + (http://sourceforge.net/projects/tianocore/). I initially used the + UDK2010 package and others in that series, but beginning with rEFInd + 0.8.2, I've been using UDK2014 + (http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=UDK2014). + All of the UDK are "frozen," rather than the main EDK2 development + branch, which is changing as the developers add features, fix bugs, and + so on. See below for TianoCore setup instructions. * The GNU-EFI package (http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/). You can install this from a package called "gnu-efi"; however, rEFInd relies on - features that were added in (I think) 3.0l to provide driver-loading - capabilities. The versions I've used and that work are 3.0p and 3.0q. - As of 5/2012, most Linux distributions seem to deliver rather elderly - versions of GNU-EFI, so you may need to download the latest source - code, compile it, and install it locally. Since rEFInd version 0.2.7, - the Makefiles assume this (see below). The legacy BIOS boot support on - UEFI-based PCs doesn't work when GNU-EFI is compiled under GNU-EFI, so - as of rEFInd 0.4.6, GNU-EFI is no longer the primary build environment, - although it's easier to set up on a Linux system. + features that were added sometime between version 3.0s and 3.0u, so I + recommend using 3.0u (or conceivably later). You should check your + GNU-EFI version number; you may need to download the latest source + code, compile it, and install it locally. The Makefiles assume a + GNU-EFI package installed via a package manager. If you install from + source code, you may need to adjust those Makefiles' paths. + +Of the two toolkits, I prefer to use TianoCore because it produces binaries +that are about 5-30KiB smaller than those made by GNU-EFI, and I can easily +build 32-bit binaries on my 64-bit Linux installations. Also, I've had +problems on a 32-bit Mac Mini with the drivers produced by GNU-EFI hanging +the system. (I haven't encountered this problem on UEFI-based PCs.) That +said, the TianoCore EDK2 package is much harder to install, so you may +prefer to use GNU-EFI unless you have a specific need for the TianoCore +toolkit. Automated build tools like the OpenSUSE Build Service (OBS) and +the Ubuntu Personal Package Archive (PPA) mechanism don't yet support +TianoCore. It's possible to use a non-Linux platform to compile rEFInd. To the best of my knowledge, the rEFInd code doesn't rely on anything Linux-specific in @@ -102,91 +68,101 @@ GCC or Microsoft's C compiler, but I haven't tested this. Preparing Your Development Kit ============================== -If you want to build the rEFInd binary but not the drivers, if you don't -care about booting BIOS-based OSes on UEFI PCs, and if you're using Linux, -GNU-EFI is the easiest way to do the job. I don't describe its setup here -because it's likely to be fairly easy. If your distribution provides a -recent enough version, you should be able to install a package called -gnu-efi and be done with it. If not, you'll need to download the source -code tarball, build it, and install it. This process is fairly typical of -Linux packages. Read the GNU-EFI documentation if you need help. If you're -using GNU-EFI, you can skip the rest of this section. - -To build the EFI drivers, or if you want support for booting BIOS-based -OSes on UEFI PCs, the TianoCore toolkit is required. You might also want to -use it if you have problems with GNU-EFI or if you want to build rEFInd on -a non-Linux platform. Unfortunately, the TianoCore toolkit is weird by -Linux programming standards. It's also quite large -- it's intended as a -means to develop a complete EFI firmware implementation, so it contains -much more code than is needed to develop standalone EFI applications. I -don't know of any Linux distribution packages for it in RPM, Debian package -file, or other formats; you MUST install the kit from source code using its -own unusual compilation procedure. The installation documentation also -omits at least one step and is a bit unclear about others. Here's how I -installed the toolkit: - -1) Download UDK2010.SR1.UP1 from - https://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=UDK2010. - -2) Type "mkdir /usr/local/UDK2010". You can use another directory, but the - Makefile for rEFInd's EFI drivers assumes this location. You'll need to - edit the EDK2BASE line in the Make.common file if you install somewhere - else. - -3) Type "cd /usr/local/UDK2010". - -3) Unzip the downloaded file (UDK2010.SR1.UP1.Complete.MyWorkSpace.zip) in - the current directory (/usr/local/UDK2010). This creates a handful of +If you're using Linux, GNU-EFI is the easiest way to compile rEFInd. I +don't describe GNU-EFI's setup here because it's likely to be fairly easy. +If your distribution provides a recent enough version, you should be able +to install a package called gnu-efi and be done with it. If not, you'll +need to download the source code tarball, build it, and install it. This +process is fairly typical of Linux packages. Read the GNU-EFI documentation +if you need help. If you're using GNU-EFI, you can skip the rest of this +section. + +You might want to use the TianoCore toolkit if you have problems with +GNU-EFI or if you want to build rEFInd on a non-Linux platform. +Unfortunately, the TianoCore toolkit is weird by Linux programming +standards. It's also quite large -- it's intended as a means to develop a +complete EFI firmware implementation, so it contains much more code than is +needed to develop standalone EFI applications. I don't know of any Linux +distribution packages for it in RPM, Debian package file, or other formats; +you MUST install the kit from source code using its own unusual compilation +procedure. The installation documentation also omits at least one step and +is a bit unclear about others. Here's how I installed the toolkit: + +1) Download UDK2014.SR1.UP1.P1 from + https://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=UDK2014. + Note that UDK2015 is now available, but I have not yet adapted rEFInd to + build with it. (UDK2015 has made changes that require matching changes + to rEFInd.) + +2) Type "mkdir /usr/local/UDK2014". You can use another directory, but the + rEFInd Makefile assumes this location. You'll need to edit the EDK2BASE + variable in the top-level Makefile if you install somewhere else. + +3) Type "cd /usr/local/UDK2014". + +4) Unzip the downloaded file (UDK2014.SR1.UP1.P1.Complete.MyWorkSpace.zip) + in the current directory (/usr/local/UDK2014). This creates a handful of files, including a tarball and a couple of .zip files. -4) Type "unzip UDK2010.SR1.UP1.MyWorkSpace.zip". This extracts the +5) Type "unzip UDK2014.SR1.UP1.MyWorkSpace.zip". This extracts the platform-neutral portion of the development kit. -5) Type "cd MyWorkSpace". +6) Type "cd MyWorkSpace". -6) Type "tar xvf ../BaseTools\(Unix\).tar". This extracts the +7) Type "tar xvf ../BaseTools\(Unix\).tar". This extracts the Linux/Unix-specific portions of the toolkit. -7) Follow the build instructions at +8) Follow the build instructions at https://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=Using_EDK_II_with_Native_GCC_4.4; however, a few changes are required, as detailed below.... -8) Type "source edksetup.sh BaseTools". This sets up some environment - variables, so subsequent steps (NOT including compiling the rEFInd EFI +9) Type "source edksetup.sh BaseTools". This sets up some environment + variables, so subsequent steps (NOT including compiling rEFInd or its drivers) must be typed in the shell you use for this step. -9) Edit Conf/target.txt and change the following: - - ACTIVE_PLATFORM = MdeModulePkg/MdeModulePkg.dsc - - TARGET = RELEASE (DEBUG might work, but I've not tested it). - - TARGET_ARCH = X64 (on x86-64; leave this as IA32 on x86) - - TOOL_CHAIN_TAG = GCC46 (or other value depending on your GCC version; - type "gcc -v" to learn your GCC version number). Note that GCC 4.7 - doesn't have its own entry, so use GCC46 for GCC 4.7. - The TianoCore Makefiles read some of these variables from this file - and use them when accessing directories, so be sure to type these - entries in the case specified. - -10) The documentation refers to editing Conf/tools_def.txt in addition to +10) Edit Conf/target.txt and change the following: + - ACTIVE_PLATFORM = MdePkg/MdePkg.dsc + - TARGET = RELEASE (DEBUG might work, but I've not tested it). + - TARGET_ARCH = X64 (on x86-64; leave this as IA32 on x86 or change it + to AARCH64 on ARM64). If you plan to build multiple architectures, + you can set this to "IA32 X64" or some other combination. + - TOOL_CHAIN_TAG = GCC48 (or other value depending on your GCC version; + type "gcc -v" to learn your GCC version number). Note that support + for the latest GCC version takes a while to make it into the + TianoCore toolkit, so if you're using a very recent GCC, you may need + to specify an earlier version and hope for the best or modify + Conf/target.txt, as described shortly. + The TianoCore Makefiles read some of these variables from this file + and use them when accessing directories, so be sure to type these + entries in the case specified. + +11) The documentation refers to editing Conf/tools_def.txt in addition to Conf/target.txt, but doesn't specify what to change in Conf/tools_def.txt. I haven't found it necessary to make any changes in - Conf/tools_def.txt EXCEPT when using GCC 4.7 on a Fedora 17 system. - (I haven't used GCC 4.7 on other platforms, so this may well be - necessary on other systems, too.) With that setup, I found it - necessary to change the following line: - *_GCC46_X64_ASM_FLAGS = DEF(GCC46_ASM_FLAGS) -m64 -melf_x86_64 - to: - *_GCC46_X64_ASM_FLAGS = DEF(GCC46_ASM_FLAGS) -m64 - -11) Type "make -C /usr/local/UDK2010/MyWorkSpace/BaseTools/Source/C". - (This step is not documented on the EDK Web page.) + Conf/tools_def.txt EXCEPT when using GCC 4.7 on a Fedora 17 system with + the original UDK2014. With this setup, GCC 4.7 was newer than the most + recent GCC that TianoCore supported at that time. With that setup, I + found it necessary to change the following line: + *_GCC46_X64_ASM_FLAGS = DEF(GCC46_ASM_FLAGS) -m64 -melf_x86_64 + to: + *_GCC46_X64_ASM_FLAGS = DEF(GCC46_ASM_FLAGS) -m64 + Something similar may be necessary if you're using a very recent + GCC or some other compiler. + +12) Type "make -C /usr/local/UDK2014/MyWorkSpace/BaseTools/Source/C". + (This step is not documented on the EDK Web page.) Note that this + requires the g++ compiler and UUID development libraries. -10) Type "build" to build the main set of EDK2 files. This process is - likely to take a few minutes. +13) Type "build" to build the main set of EDK2 files. This process is + likely to take a few minutes. This step requires Python 2; if you have + Python 3 installed, you may need to adjust the default python for this + build (for instance, by typing "eselect python set python2.7" in + Gentoo). If you installed in a location other than the one I've specified, you must -edit the EDK2BASE variable in the Make.tiano and filesystems/Make.tiano -files in the rEFInd source package. Once the toolkit is installed, you can -build the filesystem drivers or rEFInd, as described below. +edit the EDK2BASE variable in the top-level Makefile in the rEFInd source +package. Once the toolkit is installed, you can build the filesystem +drivers or rEFInd, as described below. Compiling rEFInd @@ -201,42 +177,61 @@ With your development system set up, you can compile rEFInd as follows: 3) Change into the archive's main directory. You should see several files including this BUILDING.txt file and several subdirectories such as - "refind", "libeg", and "include". - -4) Type "make gnuefi" to build with GNU-EFI, or either "make" alone or - "make tiano" to build with TianoCore EDK2. With any luck, rEFInd will - compile without error, leaving the "refind_ia32.efi" or "refind_x64.efi" - file, depending on your platform, in the "refind" subdirectory. + "refind", "libeg", "mok", "filesystems", and "include". + +4) Type "make" to build rEFInd. The Makefile checks for the TianoCore + toolkit and tries to use it if it's present. If both toolkits are + installed, you can specify the toolkit name -- "make gnuefi" to build + with GNU-EFI, or either "make tiano" to build with TianoCore. With any + luck, rEFInd will compile without error, leaving the "refind_ia32.efi", + "refind_x64.efi", or "refind_aa64.efi" file, depending on your platform, + in the "refind" subdirectory. This same step builds the + "gptsync_ia32.efi", "gptsync_x64.efi", or "gptsync_aa64.efi" program + file, in the "gptsync" subdirectory. (When cross-compiling with + TianoCore, "gptsync_aa64.efi" is not built because the cross-compiler + failed for me. Since gptsync is likely to be useless on ARM64, this is + no great loss.) If you want to build IA32 binaries on an x86-64 (X64) + system, type "ARCH=ia32 make". Similarly, you can specify "ARCH=aarch64" + to cross-compile for ARM64. This works only if you're using the + TianoCore build kit, and only if you set TARGET_ARCH to the appropriate + value in target.txt when you set up the TianoCore toolkit. If you plan + to build multiple architectures, be sure to copy the .efi file for the + first build out of the refind subdirectory before building the second + architecture. 5) The default build process does NOT build the filesystem drivers. If you want to build them, you must type "make fs" in the main rEFInd source - directory. The result is filesystem drivers in the filesystems - subdirectory, and also copies placed in the drivers subdirectory. You - must install the TianoCore EDK2 to build the drivers. + directory. This command builds with the TianoCore toolkit if it's + available and with GNU-EFI if it's not. Alternatively, you can type + "make fs_gnuefi" to build with GNU-EFI or "make fs_tiano" to build with + TianoCore. (You can prepend "ARCH=ia32" or "ARCH=aarch64" to + cross-compile for those architectures, as when building the main rEFInd + binary.) The result is filesystem drivers in the filesystems + subdirectory, and also copies placed in the drivers_{arch} subdirectory. If rEFInd doesn't compile correctly, you'll need to track down the source of the problem. Double-check that you've got all the necessary development tools installed, including GCC, make, and either GNU-EFI or TianoCore EDK2. -You may also need to adjust the Makefile, Make.common file, or Make.tiano -file for your system. (The main Makefile controls the process for both -toolkits, while Make.common holds GNU-EFI options and Make.tiano holds -TianoCore options.) The most likely thing you'll need to change is the path -to the various GNU-EFI include files and libraries. Since rEFInd 0.2.7, the -default Make.common file includes the following definitions: - -EFIINC = /usr/local/include/efi -GNUEFILIB = /usr/local/lib -EFILIB = /usr/local/lib -EFICRT0 = /usr/local/lib - -If you've installed GNU-EFI from a distribution's package, you may need to -remove "local" from those paths, and perhaps change references to "lib" to -"lib64". As noted earlier, though, as of 5/2012, most distributions provide -out-of-date GNU-EFI implementations that will not work with rEFInd 0.2.7 -and later. +You may also need to adjust the Makefile or Make.common file; or possibly +Make* files in code subdirectories. (The main Makefile controls the process +for both toolkits, while Make.common holds most common options.) The most +likely thing you'll need to change is the path to the various GNU-EFI +include files and libraries. Since rEFInd 0.6.2, the default Make.common +file includes the following definitions: + +EFIINC = /usr/include/efi +GNUEFILIB = /usr/lib +EFILIB = /usr/lib +EFICRT0 = /usr/lib + +If you've installed GNU-EFI from source code, you may need to add "local" +to those paths, as in "/usr/local/include/efi". You might need to change +references to "lib" to "lib32" or "lib64" on some systems. Recall that you +need at least GNU-EFI version 3.0l to build rEFInd, and until very +recently, most distributions provided out-of-date versions of this package. If you're using TianoCore's EDK2, as noted earlier, you may need to adjust -the EDK2BASE variable in Make.tiano and filesystems/Make.tiano. +the EDK2BASE variable in Makefile. When I tried to compile rEFInd under Ubuntu 12.04 (i386) using GNU-EFI, even with a locally-compiled GNU-EFI 3.0p or 3.0q, I got errors like this: @@ -255,16 +250,17 @@ Installing rEFInd ================= With rEFInd compiled, you can install it. The easiest way to do this is -with the install.sh script, which works on both Linux and Mac OS X. +with the refind-install script, which works on both Linux and Mac OS X. Alternatively, you can type "make install" to install using this script. -Note that this installation copies files to the ESP and uses "efibootmgr" -(on Linux) or "bless" (on OS X) to add rEFInd to the firmware's boot loader -list. The docs/refind/installing.html file provides more details on this -script and its use. +Note that this script copies files to the ESP and uses "efibootmgr" (on +Linux) or "bless" (on OS X) to add rEFInd to the firmware's boot loader +list. The docs/man/refind-install.8 file (and its HTML conversion, +docs/refind/refind-install.html) provides more details on this script and +its use. -If install.sh doesn't work for you or if you prefer to do the job manually, -you may. On a UEFI-based system, you'll want to copy files on the ESP as -follows: +If refind-install doesn't work for you or if you prefer to do the job +manually, you may. On a UEFI-based system, you'll want to copy files on the +ESP as follows: * Create a directory for rEFInd, such as EFI/refind. * Copy refind/refind_ia32.efi or refind_x64.efi to the ESP's EFI/refind @@ -280,38 +276,62 @@ docs/refind/installing.html file for details. Note to Distribution Maintainers ================================ -The install.sh script, and therefore the "install" target in the Makefile, -installs the program directly to the ESP and it modifies the *CURRENT -COMPUTER's* NVRAM. Thus, you should *NOT* use this target as part of the -build process for your binary packages (RPMs, Debian packages, etc.). -(Gentoo could use it in an ebuild, though....) You COULD, however, install -the files to a directory somewhere (/usr/share/refind or whatever) and then -call install.sh as part of the binary package installation process. Placing -the files directly in /boot/efi/EFI/{distname}/refind and then having a -post-install script call efibootmgr is probably the better way to go, -but this assumes that the ESP is mounted at /boot/efi. +The refind-install script, and therefore the "install" target in the +Makefile, installs the program directly to the ESP and it modifies the +*CURRENT COMPUTER's* NVRAM. Thus, you should *NOT* use this target as part +of the build process for your binary packages (RPMs, Debian packages, +etc.). (Gentoo could use it in an ebuild, though....) You COULD, however, +install the files to a directory somewhere (/usr/share/refind or whatever) +and then call refind-install as part of the binary package installation +process. Placing the files directly in /boot/efi/EFI/{distname}/refind and +then having a post-install script call efibootmgr is probably the better +way to go, but this assumes that the ESP is mounted at /boot/efi. Compiling the EFI Filesystem Drivers ==================================== -To build all the drivers, you can type "make fs" from the main directory, -which builds the drivers and places copies in both the filesystems and -drivers subdirectories. If you want to build just one driver, you can -change into the "filesystems" directory and type "make {fsname}", where -{fsname} is a filesystem name -- "ext2", "reiserfs", "iso9660", or "hfs". +To build all the drivers, you can type "make fs", "make fs_tiano", or "make +fs_gnuefi" from the main directory, which builds the drivers and places +copies in both the filesystems and drivers_{arch} subdirectories. To install drivers, you can type "make install" in the "filesystems" directory. This copies all the drivers to the "/boot/efi/EFI/refind/drivers" directory. Alternatively, you can copy the -files you want manually. +files you want manually. The refind-install script includes an optional +"--drivers" option that will install the drivers along with the main rEFInd +program, but to the drivers_{arch} subdirectory of the main rEFInd +installation directory. *CAUTION:* Install drivers for your system's architecture *ONLY*. Installing drivers for the wrong architecture causes some systems to hang -at boot time. +at boot time. This risk can be minimized by including the architecture code +in the drivers subdirectory name (drivers_x64 or drivers_ia32). The drivers all rely on filesystem wrapper code created by rEFIt's author, -Christoph Phisterer. Most of the drivers seem to have passed through +Christoph Pfisterer. Most of the drivers seem to have passed through Oracle's VirtualBox project (https://www.virtualbox.org) and the Clover boot loader project (https://sourceforge.net/projects/cloverefiboot/), which I used as the source for this build. + +Adding Support for Network Boot +=============================== + +rEFInd provides EXPERIMENTAL support for booting over the network using +iPXE (http://ipxe.org) as a means to receive the payload. In order to +enable this feature you'll want to follow these instructions: + +* cd net/ +* make source +* make netboot +* copy bin/ipxe.efi and bin/ipxe_discover.efi to the EFI volume at EFI/tools/ + +Note that you may need to install additional development packages, such as +libiberty-dev and binutils-dev, in addition to those needed to build rEFInd +itself. + +My own tests show this support to work under optimal conditions; however, +architecture (EFI vs. BIOS) detection may not work, and some computers will +hang or won't retrieve boot files from the network. For these reasons, this +support is disabled by default in rEFInd, and I do not provide iPXE +binaries.