GNU Emacs Installation Guide
-Copyright (c) 1992, 1994 Free software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006
+Free software Foundation, Inc.
+See the end of the file for copying permissions.
- Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
- of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
- copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
- and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
- for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
- Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
- of this document, or of portions of it,
- under the above conditions, provided also that they
- carry prominent notices stating who last changed them,
- and that any new or changed statements about the activities
- of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation.
+BASIC INSTALLATION
+
+The simplest way to build Emacs is to use the `configure' shell script
+which attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent
+variables and features and find the directories where various system
+headers and libraries are kept. It then creates a `Makefile' in each
+subdirectory and a `config.h' file containing system-dependent
+definitions. Running the `make' utility then builds the package for
+your system.
+
+Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which
+are supported by it. If this simplified procedure fails, or if you
+are using a platform such as MS-Windows, where `configure' script
+doesn't work, you might need to use various non-default options, and
+maybe perform some of the steps manually. The more detailed
+description in the rest of the sections of this guide will help you do
+that, so please refer to them if the simple procedure does not work.
+
+ 1. Make sure your system has at least 120 MB of free disk space.
+
+ 2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the
+ `configure' script:
+
+ ./configure
+
+ 2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source
+ directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure'
+ from there:
+
+ SOURCE-DIR/configure
+
+ where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory. This
+ may not work unless you use GNU make.
+
+ 3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details
+ about the system configuration. Read those details carefully
+ looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating
+ system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing
+ libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc.
+ If you find anything wrong, you will have to pass to `configure'
+ explicit machine configuration name, and one or more options
+ which tell it where to find various headers and libraries; refer
+ to DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION section below.
-BUILDING AND INSTALLATION:
-(This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below;
-search for MSDOG. For Windows NT, see the file nt/install.)
+ If `configure' didn't find some image support libraries, such as
+ Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them refer to the subsection
+ "Image support libraries", below.
+
+ If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to
+ you, assume that `configure' did its job and proceed.
+
+ 4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g.,
+ with some non-default options), always clean the source
+ directories before running `configure' again:
+
+ make distclean
+ ./configure
+
+ 5. Invoke the `make' program:
+
+ make
+
+ 6. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs'
+ in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure
+ it works:
+
+ src/emacs -q
+
+ 7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its
+ opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary
+ files into their installation directories:
+
+ make install
+
+ You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space,
+ you may remove the program binaries and object files from the
+ directory where you built Emacs:
+
+ make clean
+
+ You can also save some space by compressing (with `gzip') Info files
+ and installed Lisp source (.el) files which have corresponding .elc
+ versions.
+
+
+ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES
+
+* intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz
+
+The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings
+that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a
+non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have
+a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If
+you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters
+don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the
+intlfonts distribution might look better.
+
+The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print
+package for printing international characters. The file
+lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing
+each character set.
+
+The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions,
+in the intlfonts/README file.
+
+* Image support libraries
+
+Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the
+exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in).
+
+On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may
+already be present or available as additional packages. Note that if
+there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation
+time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the
+corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will
+contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can
+download and build libraries from sources. None of them are vital for
+running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use
+colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in.
+
+Here's the list of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they
+can be found:
+
+ . libXaw3d for fancy 3D-style
+ scroll bars: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets/Xaw3d/
+ . libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/
+ Get version 3.4k or later, which lets Emacs
+ use its own color allocation functions.
+ . libpng for PNG: ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/libpng/png/
+ . libz (for PNG): http://www.zlib.net/
+ . libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
+ Get version 6b -- 6a is reported to fail in
+ Emacs.
+ . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/
+ . libungif for GIF:
+ http://sourceforge.net/projects/libungif
+ Ensure you get version 4.1.0b1 or higher of libungif -- a bug in
+ 4.1.0 can crash Emacs.
+
+Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if the
+`configure' script finds them on your system, unless you supply the
+appropriate --without-LIB option. In some cases, older versions of
+these libraries won't work because some routines are missing, and
+configure should avoid such old versions. If that happens, use the
+--without-LIB options to `configure'. See below for more details.
+
+* Extra fonts
+
+At first, Emacs does not include fonts and does not install them. You
+must do this yourself.
+
+To take proper advantage of Emacs 21's mule-unicode charsets, you need
+a suitable font. For `Unicode' (ISO 10646) fonts for X, see
+<URL:http://czyborra.com/unifont/> (packaged in Debian),
+<URL:http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/> (packaged in Debian). (In
+recent Debian versions, there is an extensive `misc-fixed' iso10646-1
+in the default X installation.) Perhaps also see
+<URL:http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Emgk25/ucs-fonts.html>.
+
+<URL:http://czyborra.com/charsets/> has basic fonts for Emacs's
+ISO-8859 charsets.
+
+XFree86 release 4 (from <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/> and mirrors)
+contains font support for most, if not all, of the charsets that Emacs
+currently supports, including iso10646-1 encoded fonts for use with
+the mule-unicode charsets. The font files should also be usable with
+older X releases. Note that XFree 4 contains many iso10646-1 fonts
+with minimal character repertoires, which can cause problems -- see
+etc/PROBLEMS.
+
+BDF fonts etl-unicode.tar.gz used by ps-print and ps-mule to print
+Unicode characters are available from <URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/fonts/>
+and <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/mirror/X.Org/contrib/fonts/>.
+
+* GNU/Linux development packages
+
+Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by
+default; they just include the files that you need to run Emacs, but
+not those you need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with
+X11 support, you may need to install the special `X11 development'
+package. For example, in April 2003, the package names to install
+were `XFree86-devel' and `Xaw3d-devel' on RedHat. On Debian, the
+packages necessary to build the installed version should be
+sufficient; they can be installed using `apt-get build-dep emacs21' in
+Debian 3 and above.
+
+
+DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION:
+
+(This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MS-DOS and Windows 3.X,
+see below; search for MSDOG. For Windows 9X, Windows ME, Windows NT,
+and Windows 2000, see the file nt/INSTALL. For the Mac, see the file
+mac/INSTALL.)
1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle
-a program whose pure code is 900k bytes and whose data area is at
-least 400k and can reach 8Mb or more. If the swapping space is
+a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at
+least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more. If the swapping space is
insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l
-loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in.in', or possibly when
+loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when
running the final dumped Emacs.
-
-Building Emacs requires about 50 Mb of disk space (including the Emacs
-sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 20 Mb in the file
+
+Building Emacs requires about 140 MB of disk space (including the
+Emacs sources) Once installed, Emacs occupies about 77 MB in the file
system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp
libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If
the building and installation take place in different directories,
-then the installation procedure momentarily requires 50+20 Mb.
+then the installation procedure momentarily requires 140+77 MB.
2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for
-getting around some possible installation problems.
+getting around some possible installation problems. The file lists
+many different configurations, but only the part for your machine and
+operating system is relevant. (The list is arranged in alphabetical
+order by the vendor name.)
-3) In the top directory of the Emacs distribution, run the program
-`configure' as follows:
+3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory
+or in a separate directory.
- ./configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
+3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that
+directory and run the program `configure' as follows:
+
+ ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given
-in `./etc/MACHINES'. If omitted, `configure' will try to guess your
-system type; if it cannot, you must find the appropriate configuration
-name in `./etc/MACHINES' and specify it explicitly.
+in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end.
+
+You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way,
+`configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess,
+or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way,
+try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly.
If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this
option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your
To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you
configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where
-TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for
+TOOLKIT is `athena', `motif' or `gtk' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for
`athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with
-shared libraries.
+shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called LessTif, is
+available ftom <http://www.lesstif.org>. Compiling with LessTif or
+Motif causes a standard File Selection Dialog to pop up when you type
+"C-x C-f" and similar commands. You can get fancy 3D-style scroll
+bars, even without LessTif/Motif, if you have the Xaw3d library
+installed (see "Image support libraries" above for Xaw3d
+availability).
+
+If `--with-x-toolkit=gtk' is specified, you can tell configure where
+to search for GTK by specifying `--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH' where
+PATH is the pathname to pkg-config. Note that GTK version 2.4 or
+newer is required for Emacs.
The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should
compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify
`--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search
for GCC in your path, and use it if present.
-You can build Emacs for several different machine types from a single
-source directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that
-supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. Make separate
-build directories for the different configuration types, and in each
-one, run the Emacs `configure' script. `configure' looks for the
-Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
+The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from
+a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than
+POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add
+`--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3
+is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by
+individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual.
+
+For image support you may have to download, build, and install the
+appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and
+PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above.
+(Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.)
+
+To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason,
+even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one
+or more of these options:
+
+ --without-xpm for XPM image support
+ --without-jpeg for JPEG image support
+ --without-tiff for TIFF image support
+ --without-gif for GIF image support
+ --without-png for PNG image support
+
+Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d
+scroll bars.
+
+Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods. In
+this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM.
+
+Use --disable-largefile omits support for files larger than 2GB on
+systems which support that.
+
+Use --without-sound to disable sound support.
The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process
should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'.
tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to
disable caching, for debugging `configure'.
+If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure'
+is not right, or if it claims some of the fatures or libraries are not
+available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for
+the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check
+whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails
+because the compiler cannot find some function in the system
+libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers.
+
+Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special
+directories for some header files, or link against optional
+libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force
+`configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by
+setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, and CC before
+running `configure'. CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to the
+preprocessor, CFLAGS are compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used
+when linking, LIBS are libraries to link against, and CC is the
+command which invokes the compiler.
+
+Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like
+shell such as Bash, which uses these variables:
+
+ CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \
+ CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar' ./configure
+
+(this is all one long line). This tells `configure' to instruct the
+preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header
+files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker
+to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization
+switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo.a and libbar.a
+libraries in addition to the standard ones.
+
The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the
-distribution, but using `configure' is supposed to be simpler. See
-the section called "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the
-configuration yourself.
+distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called
+"CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration
+yourself.
+
+3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory
+and run the program `configure' as follows:
+
+ SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
+
+SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is
+where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the
+Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
+
+To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make'
+that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.
+
+3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling
+it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory.
+If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails:
+it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files.
+
+As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use
+a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU
+facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above).
4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right
for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs
Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use
site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their
documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see
-src/Makefile.in.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all
-else, use site-init.el.
+src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all
+else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which
+was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'.
If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or
site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up
Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must
not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look
something up in the system's password and user information database.
-See `./PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects.
+See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects.
The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not
need to create them if you have nothing to put in them.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library;
`VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version
you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the
- lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
+ Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
another, including the version number in the path
allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed
- at the same time; this means that you don't have to
- make Emacs unavailable while installing a new
- version.
-
- Emacs searches for its lisp files in
- `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', then in this
- directory.
+ at the same time; in particular, you don't have to
+ make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
file, the `yow' database, and other
architecture-independent files Emacs might need while
running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'.
-`/usr/local/com/emacs/lock' contains files indicating who is editing
- what, so Emacs can detect editing clashes between
- users.
-
`/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to
run themselves.
`/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
in `/usr/local/bin'.
+Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp
+files in these directories.
+
+`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
+ files installed for Emacs version VERSION only.
+
+`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
+ files installed for all Emacs versions.
+
+ When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files
+ in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in
+ `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in
+ `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'.
+
If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to
install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search
-for its lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of
+for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of
the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more
information on this.
then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid
to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe.
-10) You are done!
+10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from
+the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files
+that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different
+configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all
+of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the
+unneeded files in the leim subdirectories of your site's lisp
+directory (usually /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/).
+
MAKE VARIABLES
read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it
defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following
subdirectories under `datadir':
- - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs lisp library, and
+ - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and
- `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
file, and the `yow' database.
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs
unavailable while installing a new version.
-`sharedstatedir' indicates where to put architecture-independent data files
- that Emacs modifies while it runs; it defaults to
- /usr/local/com. We create the following
- subdirectories under `sharedstatedir':
- - `emacs/lock', containing files indicating who is editing
- what, so Emacs can detect editing clashes between
- users.
-
`libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that
Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'.
We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir':
- `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run
- themselves.
+ themselves.
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the
`configure' program to identify the architecture and operating
path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'.
The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all
-GNU software; here are some variables specific to Emacs.
-
-`lispdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects its lisp
- library. Its default value, based on `datadir' (see above),
- is `/usr/local/lib/emacs/VERSION/lisp' (where `VERSION' is as
- described above).
-
-`locallisppath' indicates where Emacs should search for lisp files
- specific to your site. It should be a colon-separated list of
- directories; Emacs checks them in order before checking
- `lispdir'. Its default value, based on `datadir' (see above),
- is `/usr/local/lib/emacs/site-lisp'.
-
-`lisppath' is the complete list of directories Emacs should search for
- its lisp files; its default value is the concatenation of
- `lispdir' and `locallisppath'. It should be a colon-separated
- list of directories; Emacs checks them in the order they
- appear.
-
-`etcdir' indicates where Emacs should install and expect the rest of
- its architecture-independent data, like the tutorial, DOC
- file, and yow database. Its default value, based on `datadir'
- (which see), is `/usr/local/lib/emacs/VERSION/etc'.
-
-`lockdir' indicates the directory where Emacs keeps track of its
- locking information. Its default value, based on `sharedstatedir'
- (which see), is `/usr/local/lib/emacs/lock'.
-
-`archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the
- executable files and other architecture-dependent data it uses
- while running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which
- see), is `/usr/local/lib/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME'
+GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs.
+
+`archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable
+ files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while
+ running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which
+ see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME'
(where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above).
Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time
directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases
`Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'.
+The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h,
+a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path,
+you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file
+before you run `make'.
+
The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the
Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them
when running make in the subdirectories.
Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the
following steps.
-1) Copy `./src/config.h.in' to `./src/config.h'.
+1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'.
2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to
redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'.
3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding
-`Makefile.in.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in.in' to `Makefile.in',
-then edit in appropriate substituions for the @...@ constructs,
+`Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c',
+then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs,
and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure'
that run cpp to construct `Makefile'.
just a matter of substitution.
The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf'
-program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'.
+program. You need version 2.51 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild
+`configure'.
BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND
the following steps.
1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces
-`./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.h.in', changing
+`./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing
the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'.
2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates
in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'.
Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied.
-- The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl',
+- The programs `cvtmail', `fakemail', `hexl',
`movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup',
and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied.
- The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin'
distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir'
file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info.
-3) Create a directory for Emacs to use for clash detection, named as
-indicated by the PATH_LOCK macro in `./src/paths.h'.
-
-4) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory
+3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory
in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name
`./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named
`/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way
You can delete `./src/temacs'.
-5) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and
+4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and
`rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are
intended for users to run.
-6) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the
+5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the
appropriate man directories.
-7) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not
+6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not
used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep
the source on line for debugging.
PROBLEMS
-See the file PROBLEMS in this directory for a list of various
+See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various
problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them.
Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS)
To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG
-(also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, chmod, and sed.
-
-Some users report that running Emacs 19.29 requires dpmi memory
-management. We do not know why this is so, since 19.28 did not need
-it. If we find out what change introduced this requirement, we will
-try to eliminate it. It is possible that this problem happens only
-when there is not enough physical memory on the machine.
-
-You can find out if you have a dpmi host by running go32 (part of
-djgpp) without arguments; it will tell you if it uses dpmi memory.
-For more information about dpmi memory, consult the djgpp FAQ.
-
-To build and install Emacs, type these commands:
+(also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in
+config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The
+file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find
+the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step
+(see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue
+if any of them isn't found.
+
+Recompiling Lisp files in the `lisp' subdirectory using the various
+targets in the lisp/Makefile file requires additional utilities:
+`find' and `xargs' (from Findutils), `touch' (from Fileutils) GNU
+`echo' and `test' (from Sh-utils), `tr, `sort', and `uniq' (from
+Textutils), and a port of Bash. However, you should not normally need
+to run lisp/Makefile, as all the Lisp files are distributed in
+byte-compiled form as well.
+
+If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system
+which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make
+sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you
+unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with
+DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in
+the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that
+doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace;
+the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with
+DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly.
+DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with
+a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts
+files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way.
+You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of
+your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set
+to `n' during both unpacking and compiling.
+
+(By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs
+distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have
+done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created
+by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running
+into problems during the build process.)
+
+It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file
+names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during
+compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always
+support long file names on Windows 9X no matter what was the setting
+of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled
+and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need
+to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info
+directories are called by their original long names as found in the
+distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually,
+or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with
+djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment.
+
+To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command:
+
+ djtar -x emacs.tgz
+
+(This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on
+your system.)
+
+If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts
+distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the
+Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by
+unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and
+type this:
+
+ djtar -x intlfonts.tgz
+
+When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be
+created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install
+Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands:
config msdos
make install
-You may need to work around a type conflict between gmalloc.c and the
-header file djgppstd.h regarding declarations of memalign and valloc.
-Temporarily deleting those declarations from djgppstd.h while compiling
-Emacs or while compiling gmalloc.c should do it. We found out about this
-problem too late to include a more convenient fix--sorry.
-
-To save disk space, Emacs is built with the idea that you will execute
-it from the same place in the file system where you built it. As the
-/usr/local/ subtree does not exist on most MSDOG systems, the
-executables are placed in /emacs/bin/.
+Running "config msdos" checks for several programs that are required
+to configure and build Emacs; if one of those programs is not found,
+CONFIG.BAT stops and prints an error message. If you have DJGPP
+version 2.0 or 2.01, it will complain about a program called
+DJECHO.EXE. These old versions of DJGPP shipped that program under
+the name ECHO.EXE, so you can simply copy ECHO.EXE to DJECHO.EXE and
+rerun CONFIG.BAT. If you have neither ECHO.EXE nor DJECHO.EXE, you
+should be able to find them in your djdevNNN.zip archive (where NNN is
+the DJGPP version number).
+
+On Windows NT or Windows 2000, running "config msdos" might print an
+error message like "VDM has been already loaded". This is because
+those systems have a program called `redir.exe' which is incompatible
+with a program by the same name supplied with DJGPP, which is used by
+config.bat. To resolve this, move the DJGPP's `bin' subdirectory to
+the front of your PATH environment variable.
+
+To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y
+directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is
+the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following
+command:
+
+ make bdf INSTALLDIR=..
+
+After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the
+fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level
+Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by
+default.
+
+Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src
+directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a
+sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory
+/emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and
+/emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the
+subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only
+subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you
+installed intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its
+subdirectories as well.) The bin subdirectory should be added to your
+PATH. The msdos subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for
+Emacs which you might find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows.
+
+Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in
+../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the
+Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the
+environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory),
+EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for
+the location of the `info' directory).
MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such
as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not
work. Synchronous subprocesses do work.
+
+Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included
+corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory:
+is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these
+files and link them into temacs. Djgpp versions 2.01 and later have
+these bugs fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs.
+\f
+COPYING PERMISSIONS
+
+ Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
+ of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
+ copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
+ and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
+ for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
+
+ Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
+ of this document, or of portions of it,
+ under the above conditions, provided also that they
+ carry prominent notices stating who last changed them,
+ and that any new or changed statements about the activities
+ of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation.