href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com</a></p>
<p>Originally written: 3/14/2012; last Web page update:
-11/8/2015, referencing rEFInd 0.10.0</p>
+4/24/2016, referencing rEFInd 0.10.3</p>
<p>This Web page is provided free of charge and with no annoying outside ads; however, I did take time to prepare it, and Web hosting does cost money. If you find this Web page useful, please consider making a small donation to help keep this site up and running. Thanks!</p>
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<li class="tight"><a href="#installsh">Installing rEFInd Using <tt>refind-install</tt> under Linux or Mac OS X</a>
- <ul class="tight">
-
- <li class="tight"><a href="#quickstart">Quick <tt>refind-install</tt> Instructions</a></li>
-
- <li class="tight"><a href="#extra_installsh">Extra <tt>refind-install</tt> Instructions</a></li>
-
- </ul></li>
-
<li class="tight"><a href="#manual">Installing rEFInd Manually</a>
<ul>
<p>I provide RPM and Debian package files for rEFInd; and starting with version 0.8.1, I'm maintaining an Ubuntu PPA for rEFInd. If you have a working RPM-based or Debian-based Linux installation that boots in EFI mode, using one of these files is likely to be the easiest way to install rEFInd: You need only download the file and issue an appropriate installation command. In some cases, double-clicking the package in your file manager will install it. If that doesn't work, a command like the following will install the RPM on an RPM-based system:</p>
-<pre class="listing"># <tt class="userinput">rpm -Uvh refind-0.10.0-1.x86_64.rpm</tt></pre>
+<pre class="listing"># <tt class="userinput">rpm -Uvh refind-0.10.3-1.x86_64.rpm</tt></pre>
<p>On a Debian-based system, the equivalent command is:</p>
-<pre class="listing"># <tt class="userinput">dpkg -i refind_0.10.0-1_amd64.deb</tt></pre>
+<pre class="listing"># <tt class="userinput">dpkg -i refind_0.10.3-1_amd64.deb</tt></pre>
<p>Either command produces output similar to that described for <a href="#installsh">using the <tt>refind-install</tt> script,</a> so you can check it for error messages and other signs of trouble. The package file installs rEFInd and registers it with the EFI to be the default boot loader. The script that runs as part of the installation process tries to determine if you're using Secure Boot, and if so it will try to configure rEFInd to launch using shim; however, this won't work correctly on all systems. Ubuntu 12.10 users who are booting with Secure Boot active should be wary, since the resulting installation will probably try to use Ubuntu's version of shim, which won't work correctly with rEFInd. The shim program provided with more recent versions of Ubuntu should work correctly.</p>
$ <tt class="userinput">sudo apt-get update</tt>
$ <tt class="userinput">sudo apt-get install refind</tt></pre></pre>
-<p>The PPA version will update automatically with your other software, which you might or might not want to have happen. It's also built with GNU-EFI rather than with TianoCore. This last detail <i>should</i> have no practical effects, but it might be important if you've got a buggy EFI or if there's some undiscovered rEFInd bug that interacts with the build environment.</p>
+<p class="sidebar"><b>Warning:</b> I know of one bug with the version of rEFInd built with GNU-EFI: On my 32-bit Mac Mini, the filesystem drivers hang when launched. This can render the system unbootable until you bypass rEFInd. This bug does <i>not</i> manifest when running the same binaries under a 32-bit VirtualBox, and I've never run into it on any 64-bit system (including a 64-bit MacBook Air). Debugging suggests that a function is being entered mid-function, which implies a bug in the EFI or in the development tools. In any event, the bottom line is to not use the PPA on a 32-bit Mac.</p>
+
+<p>The PPA version asks if you want to install rEFInd to your ESP. (Chances are you want to respond affirmatively.) The PPA version will update automatically with your other software, which you might or might not want to have happen. It's also built with GNU-EFI rather than with TianoCore. This last detail <i>should</i> have no practical effects, but it might be important if you've got a buggy EFI or if there's some undiscovered rEFInd bug that interacts with the build environment.</p>
<p>Since version 0.6.3, the installation script makes an attempt to install rEFInd in a bootable way even if you run the script from a BIOS-mode boot, and therefore the RPM and Debian packages do the same. I cannot guarantee that this will work, though, and even if it does, some of the tricks that <tt>refind-install</tt> uses might not persist for long. You might therefore want to use <tt><a href="#mvrefind">mvrefind</a></tt> to move your rEFInd installation to another name after you boot Linux for the first time from rEFInd.</p>
<p class="sidebar"><b>Note:</b> If you're using a Macintosh, it's best to install rEFInd from OS X, if possible. In the past, the Mac's firmware was quirky enough that the Linux tools didn't always work reliably. The matter seems to have improved with recent versions of Linux tools, but I can't guarantee success if you use Linux for this task. There is one significant issue with OS X 10.11, though (see the next Warning sidebar).</p>
-<p>If you're using Linux or Mac OS X, the easiest way to install rEFInd is to use the <tt>refind-install</tt> script. This script automatically copies rEFInd's files to your ESP or other target location and makes changes to your firmware's NVRAM settings so that rEFInd will start the next time you boot. If you've booted to OS X or in non-Secure-Boot EFI mode to Linux on a UEFI-based PC, <tt>refind-install</tt> will probably do the right thing, so you can get by with the quick instructions. If your setup is unusual, if your computer uses Secure Boot, or if you want to create a USB flash drive with rEFInd on it, you should read the <a href="#extra_installsh">extra instructions</a> for this utility.</p>
-
-<a name="quickstart">
-<h3>Quick <tt>refind-install</tt> Instructions</h3>
-</quickstart>
+<p>If you're using Linux or Mac OS X, the easiest way to install rEFInd is to use the <tt>refind-install</tt> script. This script automatically copies rEFInd's files to your ESP or other target location and makes changes to your firmware's NVRAM settings so that rEFInd will start the next time you boot. If you've booted to OS X or in non-Secure-Boot EFI mode to Linux on a UEFI-based PC, <tt>refind-install</tt> will probably do the right thing, so you can get by with the quick instructions. If your setup is unusual, if your computer uses Secure Boot, or if you want to create a USB flash drive with rEFInd on it, you should read the <a href="refind-install.html">man page</a> for this utility.</p>
<p class="sidebar"><b>Warning:</b> OS X 10.11 ("El Capitan") implements a new feature called System Integrity Protection (SIP; aka "rootless" or "CSR"). When enabled, SIP prevents the final step of rEFInd installation—registering the boot loader with the firmware. Thus, to install rEFInd, you must either disable SIP or perform the installation from something other than your regular OS X installation. The <a href="sip.html">rEFInd and System Integrity Protection</a> page of this document describes the options.</p>
Copying sample configuration file as refind.conf; edit this file to configure
rEFInd.
-
-WARNING: If you have an Advanced Format disk, *DO NOT* attempt to check the
-bless status with 'bless --info', since this is known to cause disk corruption
-on some systems!!
-
-
Installation has completed successfully.
Unmounting install dir</pre>
<p>Note that the change to an ESP location for rEFInd with version 0.8.4 means that, if you upgrade rEFInd from an earlier version, you may notice a rEFInd boot option in the rEFInd menu. This option will boot the old version of rEFInd (or the new one, if something went wrong and the old version continues to boot). You can rid yourself of the unwanted boot menu by deleting the old files or by using <tt>dont_scan_dirs</tt> or <tt>dont_scan_files</tt> in <tt>refind.conf</tt>. Before you do this, you should use rEFInd to identify the unwanted files—the filename and volume identifier appear under the icons when you highlight the option. You can then locate and delete them from within OS X. Before you delete the old files, though, you may want to copy over any changes you've made to the rEFInd configuration, icons, and other support files.</p>
-<a name="extra_installsh">
-<h3>Extra <tt>refind-install</tt> Instructions</h3>
-</a>
-
-<p>Some details that can affect how the script runs include the following:</p>
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>If you run the script as an ordinary user, it attempts to acquire
- <tt>root</tt> privileges by using the <tt>sudo</tt> command. This works
- on Mac OS X and some Linux installations (such as under Ubuntu or if
- you've added yourself to the <tt>sudo</tt> users list), but on some
- Linux installations this will fail. On such systems, you should run
- <tt>refind-install</tt> as <tt>root</tt>.</li>
-
-<li>Under OS X, you can run the script with a mouse by opening a Terminal
- session and then dragging-and-dropping the <tt>refind-install</tt> file to
- the Terminal window. You'll need to press the Return or Enter key to
- run the script.</li>
-
-<li>If you're using OS X 10.7's Whole Disk Encryption (WDE) feature, or the
- loogical volumes feature in OS X 10.10, you <i>must</i> install rEFInd
- to the ESP or to a separate HFS+ partition. The default in rEFInd 0.8.4
- and later is to install to the ESP. If you prefer to use a separate
- HFS+ volume, the <tt>--ownhfs <tt
- class="variable">device-file</tt></tt> option to <tt>refind-install</tt> is
- required.</li>
-
-<li>If you're <i>not</i> using WDE or logical volumes, you can install
- rEFInd to the OS X root (<tt>/</tt>) partition by using the
- <tt>--notesp</tt> option to <tt>refind-install</tt>. Using this option is
- recommended when upgrading from a working rEFInd installation in this
- location.</li>
-
-<li>If you're replacing rEFIt with rEFInd on a Mac, there's a chance that
- <tt>refind-install</tt> will warn you about the presence of a program
- called <tt>/Library/StartupItems/rEFItBlesser</tt> and ask if you want
- to delete it. This program is designed to keep rEFIt set as the boot
- manager by automatically re-blessing it if the default boot manager
- changes. This is obviously undesirable if you install rEFInd as your
- primary boot manager, so it's generally best to remove this program. If
- you prefer to keep your options open, you can answer <tt
- class="userinput">N</tt> when <tt>refind-install</tt> asks if you want to
- delete rEFItBlesser, and instead manually copy it elsewhere. If you
- subsequently decide to go back to using rEFIt as your primary boot
- manager, you can restore rEFItBlesser to its place.</li>
-
-<li>If you're using OS X and an Advanced Format disk, heed the warning that
- <tt>refind-install</tt> displays and <i><b>do not</b></i> use <tt>bless
- --info</tt> to check your installation status; this combination has
- been reported to cause disk corruption on some Macs!</li>
-
-<li>If you intend to boot BIOS-based OSes on a UEFI-based PC, you
- <i>must</i> edit the <tt>refind.conf</tt> file's <tt>scanfor</tt> line
- to enable the relevant searches. This is <i>not</i> necessary on Macs,
- though; because of the popularity of dual boots with Windows on Macs,
- the BIOS/legacy scans are enabled by default on Macs.</li>
-
-<li>On Linux, <tt>refind-install</tt> checks the filesystem type of the
- <tt>/boot</tt> directory and, if a matching filesystem driver is
- available, installs it. Note that the "<tt>/boot</tt> directory" may be
- on a separate partition or it may be part of your root (<tt>/</tt>)
- filesystem, in which case the driver for your root filesystem is
- installed. This feature is unlikely to work properly from an emergency
- system, although it might if you have a separate <tt>/boot</tt>
- partition and if you mount that partition at <tt>/boot</tt> in your
- emergency system, and the ESP at <tt>/boot/efi</tt>.</li>
-
-<li>On OS X, <tt>refind-install</tt> checks your partition tables for signs of
- a Linux installation. If such a sign is found, the script installs the
- EFI filesystem driver for the Linux ext4 filesystem. This will enable
- rEFInd to read your Linux kernel <i>if</i> it's on an ext2, ext3, or
- ext4 filesystem. Note that some configurations will require a
- <tt>/boot/refind_linux.conf</tt> file, which can be reliably generated
- only under Linux. (The <tt>mkrlconf</tt> script that comes with
- rEFInd will do this job once you've booted Linux.) In the meantime, you
- can launch GRUB from rEFInd or press F2 or Insert twice after
- highlighting the Linux option in rEFInd. This will enable you to enter
- a <tt>root=/dev/<tt class="variable">whatever</tt></tt> specification,
- where <tt>/dev/<tt class="variable">whatever</tt></tt> is the device
- identifier of your Linux root (<tt>/</tt>) filesystem.
-
-<li>If you run <tt>refind-install</tt> on Linux and if
- <tt>/boot/refind_linux.conf</tt> doesn't already exist,
- <tt>refind-install</tt> creates this file and populates it with a few
- sample entries. If <tt>/boot</tt> is on a FAT partition (or HFS+ on a
- Mac), or if it's on an ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, ReiserFS, or HFS+
- partition and you install an appropriate driver, the
- result is that rEFInd will detect your kernel and will probably boot it
- correctly. Some systems will require manual tweaking to
- <tt>refind_linux.conf</tt>, though—for instance, to add
- <tt>dolvm</tt> to the boot options on Gentoo systems that use LVM.</li>
-
-<li>If you pass the <tt>--shim</tt> option to the script (along with a
- filename for a shim binary), the script sets up for a Secure Boot
- configuration via shim. By default, this causes the rEFInd binary to be
- renamed as <tt>grubx64.efi</tt>. Recent versions of shim support
- passing the name of the follow-on program to shim via a parameter,
- though. If you want to use this feature, you can pass the
- <tt>--keepname</tt> option to <tt>refind-install</tt>.</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-<p>In addition to these quirks, you should be aware of some options that <tt>refind-install</tt> supports to enable you to customize your installation in various ways. The syntax for <tt>refind-install</tt> is as follows:</p>
-
-<pre class="listing">
-refind-install [--notesp | --usedefault <tt class="variable">device-file</tt> | --root <tt class="variable">mount-point</tt> | \
- --ownhfs <tt class="variable">device-file</tt> ] [--keepname ] \
- [--nodrivers | --alldrivers] [--shim <tt class="variable">shim-filename</tt>] [--localkeys] [--yes]
-</pre>
-
-<p>The details of the options are summarized in <a href="#table1">Table 1.</a> Broadly speaking, they come in four classes: installation location options (<tt>--notesp</tt>, <tt>--usedefault</tt>, and <tt>--root</tt>), driver options (<tt>--nodrivers</tt> and <tt>--alldrivers</tt>), Secure Boot options (<tt>--shim</tt> and <tt>--localkeys</tt>), and a user input option (<tt>--yes</tt>). Using some of these options in unusual conditions can generate warnings and prompts to confirm your actions. In particular, using <tt>--shim</tt> or <tt>--localkeys</tt> when you're <i>not</i> booted in Secure Boot mode, or failing to use <tt>--shim</tt> when you <i>are</i> booted in Secure Boot mode, will generate a query and a request to confirm your installation. Consult the <a href="secureboot.html">Managing Secure Boot</a> page for more on this topic.</p>
-
-<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" summary="Table 1: Options to <tt>refind-install</tt>"><a name="table1"><caption><b>Table 1: Options to <tt>refind-install</tt></b></caption></a>
-<tr>
- <th>Option</th>
- <th>Explanation</th>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--notesp</tt></td>
- <td>This option, which is valid only under OS X, tells <tt>refind-install</tt> to install rEFInd to the OS X root partition rather than to the ESP. This behavior was the default in rEFInd 0.8.3 and earlier, so you may want to use it when upgrading installations of that version, unless you used <tt>--esp</tt> (which is now the default behavior, although the <tt>--esp</tt> option no longer exists) or <tt>--ownhfs</tt>. You may also want to use <tt>--notesp</tt> on new installations if you're sure you're <i>not</i> using whole-disk encryption or logical volumes.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--usedefault <tt class="variable">device-file</tt></tt></td>
- <td>You can install rEFInd to a disk using the default/fallback filename of <tt>EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi</tt> (and <tt>EFI/BOOT/bootia32.efi</tt>, if the 32-bit build is available) using this option. The <tt class="variable">device-file</tt> should be an <i>unmounted</i> ESP, or at least a FAT partition, as in <tt>--usedefault /dev/sdc1</tt>. Your computer's NVRAM entries will <i>not</i> be modified when installing in this way. The intent is that you can create a bootable USB flash drive or install rEFInd on a computer that tends to "forget" its NVRAM settings with this option. This option is mutually exclusive with <tt>--notesp</tt> and <tt>--root</tt>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--ownhfs <tt class="variable">device-file</tt></tt></td>
- <td>This option should be used <i>only</i> under OS X. It's used to install rEFInd to an HFS+ volume <i>other than</i> a standard Mac boot volume. The result should be that rEFInd will show up in the Mac's own boot manager. More importantly, suspend-to-RAM operations may work correctly. Note that this option requires an HFS+ volume that is <i>not</i> currently an OS X boot volume. This can be a data volume or a dedicated rEFInd partition. The ESP might also work, if it's converted to use HFS+.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--root <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt></tt></td>
- <td>This option is intended to help install rEFInd from a "live CD" or other emergency system. To use it, you should mount your regular installation at <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt>, including your <tt>/boot</tt> directory (if it's separate) at <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt><tt>/boot</tt> and (on Linux) your ESP at that location or at <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt><tt>/boot/efi</tt>. The <tt>refind-install</tt> script then installs rEFInd to the appropriate location—on Linux, <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt><tt>/boot/EFI/refind</tt> or <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt><tt>/boot/efi/EFI/refind</tt>, depending on where you've mounted your ESP. Under OS X, this option is only useful in conjunction with <tt>--notesp</tt>, in which case rEFInd will install to <tt class="variable">/mount-point</tt><tt>/EFI/refind</tt>. The script also adds an entry to your NVRAM for rEFInd at this location. You cannot use this option with <tt>--usedefault</tt>. Note that this option is <i>not</i> needed when doing a dual-boot Linux/OS X installation; just install normally in OS X.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--nodrivers</tt></td>
- <td>Ordinarily <tt>refind-install</tt> attempts to install the driver required to read <tt>/boot</tt> on Linux. This attempt works only if you're using ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, or ReiserFS on the relevant partition. If you want to forego this driver installation, pass the <tt>--nodrivers</tt> option. This option is the implicit when you use <tt>--usedefault</tt>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--alldrivers</tt></td>
- <td>When you specify this option, <tt>refind-install</tt> copies <i>all</i> the driver files for your architecture. You may want to remove unused driver files after you use this option, especially if your computer uses Secure Boot. Note that some computers hang or fail to work with any drivers if you use this option, so use it with caution.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--shim <tt class="variable">shim-filename</tt></tt> or <tt>--preloader <tt class="variable">preloader-filename</tt></tt></td>
- <td>If you pass this option to <tt>refind-install</tt>, the script will copy the specified shim program file to the target directory, copy the <tt>MokManager.efi</tt> file from the shim program file's directory to the target directory, copy the 64-bit version of rEFInd as <tt>grubx64.efi</tt>, and register shim with the firmware. (If you also specify <tt>--usedefault</tt>, the NVRAM registration is skipped. If you also use <tt>--keepname</tt>, the renaming to <tt>grubx64.efi</tt> is skipped.) When the target file is identified as PreLoader, much the same thing happens, but <tt>refind-install</tt> copies <tt>HashTool.efi</tt> instead of <tt>MokManager.efi</tt> and copies rEFInd as <tt>loader.efi</tt> rather than as <tt>grubx64.efi</tt>. The intent is to simplify rEFInd installation on a computer that uses Secure Boot; when so set up, rEFInd will boot in Secure Boot mode, with one caveat: The first time you boot, MokManager/HashTool will launch, and you must use it to locate and install a public key or register rEFInd as a trusted application. The rEFInd public key file will be located in the rEFInd directory's <tt>keys</tt> subdirectory under the name <tt>refind.cer</tt>. Note that I'm not providing a shim binary myself, but you can download one from <a href="http://www.codon.org.uk/~mjg59/shim-signed/">here.</a> Some distributions also provide their own shim programs, so can point to them—for instance, in <tt>/boot/efi/EFI/fedora/shim.efi</tt>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--localkeys</tt></td>
- <td>This option tells <tt>refind-install</tt> to generate a new Machine Owner Key (MOK), store it in <tt>/etc/refind.d/keys</tt> as <tt>refind_local.*</tt>, and re-sign all the 64-bit rEFInd binaries with this key before installing them. This is the preferable way to install rEFInd in Secure Boot mode, since it means your binaries will be signed locally rather than with my own key, which is used to sign many other users' binaries; however, this method requires that both the <tt>openssl</tt> and <tt>sbsign</tt> binaries be installed. The former is readily available in most distributions' repositories, but the latter is not, so this option is not the default.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--keepname</tt></td>
- <td>This option is useful only in conjunction with <tt>--shim</tt>. It tells <tt>refind-install</tt> to keep rEFInd's regular filename (typically <tt>refind_x64.efi</tt>) when used with shim, rather than rename the binary to <tt>grubx64.efi</tt>. This change cuts down on the chance of confusion because of filename issues; however, this feature requires that shim be launched with a command-line parameter that points to the rEFInd binary under its real name. versions of shim prior to 0.7 do not properly support this feature. (Version 0.4 supports it but with a buggy interpretation of the follow-on loader specification.) If your NVRAM variables become corrupted or are forgotten, this feature may make rEFInd harder to launch. This option is incompatible with <tt>--usedefault</tt> and is unavailable when run under OS X or without the <tt>--shim</tt> option. If the script discovers an existing rEFInd installation under <tt>EFI/BOOT</tt> or <tt>EFI/Microsoft/Boot</tt> and no other rEFInd installation when this option is used, it will abort.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td><tt>--yes</tt></td>
- <td>This option causes the script to assume a <tt>Y</tt> input to every yes/no prompt that can be generated under certain conditions, such as if you specify <tt>--shim</tt> but <tt>refind-install</tt> detects no evidence of a Secure Boot installation. This option is intended mainly for use by scripts such as those that might be used as part of an installation via an RPM or Debian package.</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<p>After you run <tt>refind-install</tt>, you should peruse the script's output to ensure that everything looks OK. <tt>refind-install</tt> displays error messages when it encounters errors, such as if the ESP is mounted read-only or if you run out of disk space. You may need to correct such problems manually and re-run the script. In some cases you may need to fall back on manual installation, which gives you better control over details such as which partition to use for installation.</p>
+<p>The <tt>refind-install</tt> script supports a number of options that can affect how it operates. For information on these options, consult the script's man page: Type <tt class="userinput">man refind-install</tt> if you installed rEFInd via an RPM or Debian package; or read it in <a href="refind-install.html">HTML form.</a></p>
<a name="manual">
<h2>Installing rEFInd Manually</h2>
<li>Type <tt><b>cd /boot/efi/EFI/refind</b></tt> to change into rEFInd's new directory on the ESP.</li>
-<li>Type <tt><b>rm refind_ia32.efi</b></tt> to remove the IA32 binary if you're using an <i>x</i>86-64 (64-bit) system; or type <tt><b>rm refind_x64.efi</b></tt> to remove the <i>x</i>86-64 binary if you're using an <i>x</i>86 (32-bit) system. (Note that you must keep the version that's the correct bit width for your EFI; if you've installed a 32-bit Linux on a 64-bit PC with a 64-bit EFI, you'd keep <tt>refind_x64.efi</tt>.</li>
+<li>You may optionally remove the rEFInd binaries for the CPU types you're not using. For instance, you might type <tt class="userinput">rm refind_ia32.efi refind_aa64.efi</tt> to remove the IA32 and AARCH64 binaries if you're using an <i>x</i>86-64 (AMD64, X64) system.</li>
-<li>
Optionally, type <tt class="userinput">rm -r drivers_ia32</tt> to remove the <i>x</i>86 drivers from an <i>x</i>86-64 system, or <tt class="userinput">rm -r drivers_x64</tt> to remove the <i>x</i>86-64 drivers from a 32-bit <i>x</i>86 system. You may also want to remove some or all of the drivers for the architecture you are using. If you don't need them, they'll slow down the start process, and worse, loading unnecessary drivers can cause some systems to hang or interfere with the drivers you do need. See the <a href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this topic.</li>
+<li>
Similarly, you may optionally remove the drivers subdirectories for the CPU types you're not using. For instance, you could type <tt class="userinput">rm -r drivers_ia32 drivers_aa64</tt> to remove the <i>x</i>86 and ARM64 drivers from an <i>x</i>86-64 system. You may also want to remove some or all of the drivers for the architecture you are using. If you don't need them, they'll slow down the start process, and worse, loading unnecessary drivers can cause some systems to hang or interfere with the drivers you do need. See the <a href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this topic.</li>
<li>Rename the configuration file by typing <tt><b>mv refind.conf-sample refind.conf</b></tt>. Consult the <a href="configfile.html">Editing the rEFInd Configuration File</a> page for information on how to adjust your options.</li>
/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/</tt></b> in your Terminal window after
changing into the rEFInd package's main directory.</li>
-<li>Remove the file for the version of rEFInd you're not using, as in
- <b><tt>sudo rm Volumes/esp/efi/refind/refind_ia32.efi</tt></b> on a Mac
- with a 64-bit EFI or <b><tt>sudo rm
- /Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/refind_x64.efi</tt></b> on a Mac with a 32-bit
- EFI.</li>
-
-<li>Optionally, remove the drivers directory for the architecture you're
- not using—<tt>/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/drivers_ia32</tt> or
- <tt>/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/drivers_x64</tt>, as appropriate. You may
- also want to remove some or all of the drivers for the architecture you
- are using; if you don't need them, they'll slow down the start process.
- See the <a href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this
- topic. Note that Apple's firmware includes its own HFS+ driver, so the
- HFS+ driver provided with rEFInd is useless on Macs.</li>
+<li>Remove the files for the versions of rEFInd you're not using, as in <tt
+ class="userinput">sudo rm Volumes/esp/efi/refind/refind_ia32.efi
+ Volumes/esp/efi/refind/refind_aa64.efi</tt> on a Mac with a 64-bit EFI or
+ <tt class="userinput">sudo rm /Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/refind_x64.efi
+ Volumes/esp/efi/refind/refind_aa64.efi</tt> on a Mac with a 32-bit EFI.</li>
+
+<li>Optionally, remove the drivers directories for the architectures you're not
+ using—<tt>/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/drivers_ia32</tt> or
+ <tt>/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/drivers_x64</tt>, as appropriate. (No Mac uses
+ an ARM CPU, so you'd also remove
+ <tt>/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/drivers_aa64</tt> You may also want to remove
+ some or all of the drivers for the architecture you are using; if you don't
+ need them, they'll slow down the start process. See the <a
+ href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this topic. Note that
+ Apple's firmware includes its own HFS+ driver, so the HFS+ driver provided
+ with rEFInd is useless on Macs.</li>
<li>If this is your first installation, type <b><tt>sudo mv
/Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/refind.conf-sample
<li>Type <b><tt>cd EFI\refind</tt></b> to change into the <tt>refind</tt> subdirectory</li>
-<li>You may want to selectively delete some of the drivers in the <tt>drivers_x64</tt>
or <tt>drivers_ia32</tt> directory, depending on your architecture and needs. Unnecessary drivers will slow the rEFInd start process, and can even cause the drivers you need to not work or cause a system crash. See the <a href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this topic.</li>
+<li>You may want to selectively delete some of the drivers in the <tt>drivers_x64</tt>
, <tt>drivers_ia32</tt>, or <tt>drivers_aa64</tt> directory, depending on your architecture and needs. Unnecessary drivers will slow the rEFInd start process, and can even cause the drivers you need to not work or cause a system crash. See the <a href="drivers.html">page on drivers</a> for more on this topic.</li>
<li>Type <b><tt>rename refind.conf-sample refind.conf</tt></b> to rename rEFInd's configuration file.</li>
<li>Change to the directory in which rEFInd's files exist.</li>
-<li>Type <tt class="userinput">cp refind_x64.efi fs0:\EFI\refind</tt> to
- copy the rEFInd binary file. (Adjust the name if you're using a 32-bit
+<li>Type <tt class="userinput">cp refind_x64.efi fs0:\EFI\refind</tt> to copy
+ the rEFInd binary file. (Adjust the name if you're using an IA32 or AARCH64
computer.)</li>
<li>Type <tt class="userinput">cp refind.conf-sample
rEFInd's icons.</li>
<li>Optionally, type <tt class="userinput">cp -r drivers_x64
- fs0:\EFI\refind\</tt> to copy rEFInd's 64-bit drivers. (You could
- instead copy the 32-bit drivers or limit yourself to just the drivers
- you need, of course.)</li>
+ fs0:\EFI\refind\</tt> to copy rEFInd's X64 drivers. (You could instead copy
+ the IA32 or AARCH64 drivers or limit yourself to just the drivers you need,
+ of course.)</li>
<li>Type <tt class="userinput">fs0:</tt>, if necessary, to change to the
ESP.</li>
install the update to the ESP; you might need to manually re-run the
installation script. Consult your distribution's documentation for
details. My Ubuntu PPA will automatically run <tt>refind-install</tt> after
- the package is installed.</li>
+ the package is installed <i>if</i> you selected the option to install
+ to the ESP; if you opted to skip this step, my PPA version will
+ continue to do so at every update, leaving you to manually update the
+ copy on the ESP. (You can change this behavior by typing <tt
+ class="userinput">sudo dpkg-reconfigure refind</tt>.)</li>
</ul>
<p>The easiest way to restore the standard OS X boot loader on a Mac is not to uninstall rEFInd; it's to bypass it. This can be accomplished with the Startup Disk item in the System Preferences panel:</p>
- <br /><center><img src="startup-disk.png" align="center" width="668"
- height="355" alt="The OS X Startup Disk tool enables you to reset a Mac
+ <br /><center><img src="startup-disk.png" align="center" width="669"
+ height="402" alt="The OS X Startup Disk tool enables you to reset a Mac
to use the standard OS X boot loader." border=2> </center><br />
-<p>Select your startup disk (<i>Macintosh HD OS X, 10.10.1</i> in this example) and then click Restart. The computer should reboot into OS X, bypassing rEFInd.</p>
+<p>Select your startup disk (<i>Macintosh HD OS X, 10.11.3</i> in this example) and then click Restart. The computer should reboot into OS X, bypassing rEFInd.</p>
<p>I recommend stopping here, because the procedure for completely removing rEFInd from a Mac depends on your installation method and tends to be challenging for many Mac users, who are unfamiliar with the necessary command-line tools. Basically, you must reverse the steps described earlier, in <a href="#osx">Installing rEFInd Manually Using Mac OS X:</a></p>
<p><a href="index.html">Go to the main rEFInd page</a></p>
-<p><a href="yosemite.html">Comments on rEFInd and OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)</a></p>
+<p><a href="bootcoup.html">Preventing and Repairing Boot Coups</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/">Return</a> to my main Web page.</p>
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