1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
29 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
32 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
35 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
36 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
37 `make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
38 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
39 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
40 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
41 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
42 the manual for details).
44 Certain process oriented functions (like `process-datagram-address')
45 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
46 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
47 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
48 from a process sentinel.
50 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals
52 Two new variables allow to disable attempts to recover from stack
53 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
54 fatal signal. `attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to `nil',
55 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
56 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
57 `attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to `nil', will
58 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
59 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
60 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-`nil' by default.
61 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
62 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
66 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
69 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
74 *** A new `s' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
77 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
78 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
79 `change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
82 ** Support for non-string values of `time-stamp-format' has been removed.
87 *** New connection method "sg", which allows to edit files under
91 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
94 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
97 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
100 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
102 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss
104 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
105 by setting `autoload-timestamps' to nil.
108 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
111 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
114 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
117 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
120 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
121 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
122 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
123 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
124 change in future releases.
127 ** New configure option --with-modules.
128 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
131 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
132 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
133 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
134 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
135 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
136 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
139 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
140 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
141 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
142 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
143 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
146 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
147 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
150 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
151 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
154 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
155 and Mac OS X machines.
158 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
159 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
162 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
163 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
164 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
165 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
166 process MMDF-format files as before.
169 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
170 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
171 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
172 build with 'make V=1'.
175 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
176 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
177 This will cause the game score files in ${localstatedir}/games/emacs
178 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
179 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
182 ** The `grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
183 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
184 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
187 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
188 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
189 The old Emacs logo icons are available as `emacs23.png' in the same location.
192 ** New make target `check-expensive' to run additional tests.
193 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
194 tests which take more time to perform.
197 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
200 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
201 `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
202 `initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
203 `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show `initial-buffer-choice'
204 and *Buffer List*. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
205 command line when `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
208 ** The value of ‘initial-scratch-message’ is now treated as a doc string
209 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
212 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
215 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
216 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
217 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with `M-x
218 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
219 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, `xwidget-webkit-mode'
220 (similar to `image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
223 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode `xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
224 `xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', `xwidget-webkit-back',
225 `xwidget-webkit-browse-url', `xwidget-webkit-reload',
226 `xwidget-webkit-current-url', `xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
227 `xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', `xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
228 `xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
231 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
232 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
233 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
234 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions `load', `require',
235 `load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
236 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable `module-file-suffix' holds the
237 system-dependent value of the file-name extension (`.so' on Posix
238 hosts) of the module files.
240 A module should export a C-callable function named
241 `emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
242 `load' or `require' which loads the module. It should also export a
243 symbol named `plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
244 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
245 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
247 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
248 API defined and documented in the header file `emacs-module.h'. Note
249 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
250 Emacs functions such as `fset' and `funcall', in order to register its
251 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
253 Modules can create `user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
254 struct's defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
255 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
256 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
257 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
258 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
259 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
260 predicate `user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a `user-ptr'
263 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
264 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
265 by default, and must be enabled by using the `--with-modules' option
269 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
270 See the variable `dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
273 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
274 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
275 the `network-security-level' variable.
278 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
279 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites like
280 "http://méxico.icom.museum".
283 ** C-h l now also lists the commands that were run.
285 ** The new M-s M-w key binding uses eww to search the web for the
289 ** The new `timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer
290 where you can cancel them with the `c' command.
292 ** M-x suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
293 ** x-select-enable-clipboard is renamed select-enable-clipboard.
294 x-select-enable-primary and renamed select-enable-primary.
295 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
296 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
297 select-enable-primary is ineffective since the system doesn't
298 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
301 ** New option `switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
302 customize how `switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
303 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
306 ** The option `even-window-heights' has been renamed to
307 `even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
310 ** New function `read-multiple-choice' use to prompt for
311 multiple-choice questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
314 ** terpri gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
317 ** `insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
318 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
321 ** The new variable `term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
322 The function `tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
323 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
326 ** New variable `system-configuration-features', listing some of the
327 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
328 for use in Emacs bug reports.
331 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
332 hiding character but the default `.' can be used by let-binding the
333 variable `read-hide-char'.
336 ** New input methods: `tamil-dvorak' and `programmer-dvorak'.
339 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
342 ** M-x suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
347 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
348 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
349 controlled by the new `undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
350 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
353 *** The heuristic used to insert `undo-boundary' after each command
354 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
355 current buffer, Emacs now calls `undo-boundary' in every buffer
356 affected by the command.
359 ** New command `comment-line' bound to `C-x C-;'.
361 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
364 *** Unicode names entered via C-x 8 RET now use substring completion by default.
367 *** C-x 8 now has shorthands for these chars: ‐ ‑ ‒ – — ― ‘ ’ “ ” † ‡ • ′ ″
368 € № ← → ↔ − ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥. As before, you can type C-x 8 C-h to list shorthands.
371 *** New minor mode electric-quote-mode for quoting ‘like this’ and “like this”
372 as you type. See also the new variable ‘text-quoting-style’.
375 ** New minor mode global-eldoc-mode is enabled by default.
378 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
379 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
380 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
381 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
382 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
383 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
384 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
385 pasting large amounts of text.
387 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
388 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
391 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
392 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
393 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
394 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
395 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
396 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
400 ** You can access `mouse-buffer-menu' (C-down-mouse-1) using C-f10.
403 ** New buffer-local `electric-pair-local-mode'.
406 ** New variable `fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
407 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
408 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of C-v, M-v at the cost of
409 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
412 ** New documentation command `describe-symbol'.
413 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to `C-h o' by
417 ** New function `custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
418 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
419 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
422 ** The old `C-x w' bindings in hi-lock-mode are officially deprecated
423 in favor of the global `M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs-23.1.
424 They'll disappear soon.
427 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
432 *** New command `checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
433 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
434 `checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
435 `checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
438 *** New function `checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
439 It's meant for use together with `compile':
440 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
445 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
446 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
447 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
448 must explicitly request the upgrade, by C-u M-x desktop-save. You are
449 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
450 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
451 to version 206, you can do this with C-u C-u M-x desktop-save.
454 ** New function `bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to C-x r M.
455 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
456 unlike `bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
461 *** New user options `mm-html-inhibit-images' and `mm-html-blocked-images'
462 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
463 message. Gnus still uses `gnus-inhibit-images' and `gnus-blocked-images'
464 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
465 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
468 *** `mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
469 Use `mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
475 *** `imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
476 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
481 *** `json-pretty-print' and `json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
482 the ordering of object keys by default.
485 *** New commands `json-pretty-print-ordered' and
486 `json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
487 object keys sorted alphabetically.
490 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
491 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
492 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
493 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
495 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
496 the `prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
497 provide indentation should use `prog-widen' instead of `widen' and
498 `prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
499 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
501 ** Prettify Symbols mode
504 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
505 overriding the default `prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
506 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
507 character. `prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
508 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
512 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
513 New variable `prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
515 ** Enhanced xterm support
518 *** The new variable `xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
519 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
520 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
521 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
522 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
526 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
527 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
528 if your xterm supports it and enables the `allowWindowOps' options (disabled
529 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
531 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
532 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
533 additionally need to add `getSelection' to `xterm-extra-capabilities'.
536 *** `xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
539 ** The `save-place' variable is replaced by `save-place-mode'.
544 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
545 `erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
546 `erc-network-hide-list' and `erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
547 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
549 *** New variable `erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
553 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
556 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
557 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
562 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
564 **** `<' and `>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
566 **** New play/pause command `mpc-toggle-play' bound to `s'
568 **** `g' bound to new command `mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
571 **** New commands `mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
572 toggling playback modes.
575 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
578 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
579 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
580 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
583 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
584 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
589 *** `midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
592 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
597 *** New "external" package status.
598 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
599 not from `package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
600 `package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
601 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
602 are not considered for upgrades.
604 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
605 package inside `package-directory-list' and the package menu will
609 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
610 priority (as per `package-archive-priorities') only that one is
611 listed. This can be configured with `package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
614 *** `package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
615 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
616 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
617 version (which were previously impossible to display).
618 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
622 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
623 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
627 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
628 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
632 *** New variable `package-menu-async' controls whether the
633 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
636 *** `package-install-from-buffer' and `package-install-file' work on directories.
637 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
638 -pkg file is optional.
641 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
642 The FORCE argument to `package-delete' overrides this.
645 *** New custom variable `package-selected-packages' tracks packages
646 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
647 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
650 *** New command `package-install-selected-packages' installs all
651 packages from `package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
654 *** New command `package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
655 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
660 When you invoke `shell' interactively, the *shell* buffer will now
661 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
662 the `display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
663 the old behavior -- *shell* buffer displays in current window -- use
664 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
665 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
669 *** The `:protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
671 *** The `newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
672 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from `eieio-named'.
674 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
676 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
678 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
680 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
681 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
683 *** `constructor' is now an obsolete alias for `make-instance'.
684 --- `pcase' accepts a new UPattern `eieio'.
689 *** New command `ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to C-S-b
690 Bury the buffer at the head of `ido-matches', analogous to how C-k
691 kills the buffer at head.
694 *** A prefix argument to `ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
695 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
696 match the current input.
701 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
702 The new commands `next-line-or-history-element' and
703 `previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
704 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
705 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
706 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
707 element. `M-p' and `M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
710 ** Search and Replace
713 *** New user option `search-default-mode'
714 specifies the default mode for I-search.
717 *** `isearch' and `query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
718 Isearch does that by default, while `query-replace' will do that if
719 the new variable `replace-character-fold' is customized to a non-nil
720 value. This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding
721 case variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between
722 similar characters. (Case folding is a special case of character
723 folding.) This means many characters in the search string will match
724 entire groups of characters instead of just themselves.
726 For instance, the " will match all variants of double quotes (like “
727 and ”), and the letter a will match all of its accented cousins, even
728 those composed of multiple characters, as well as many other symbols
732 *** New function `character-fold-to-regexp' can be used
733 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
734 character-folds into STRING.
737 *** The new M-s M-w key binding uses eww to search the web for the
738 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
739 the customizable variable `eww-search-prefix'.
742 *** Query-replace history is enhanced.
743 When query-replace reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
744 `M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
745 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
746 string defined by the new variable `query-replace-from-to-separator'.
747 To select a prior replacement, type `M-p' until the desired
748 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
753 *** If `quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
754 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
757 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with C-x C-a C-m. With
758 this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
759 instrumented function.
764 *** New minor mode `global-eldoc-mode'
765 It is turned on by default, and affects `*scratch*' and other buffers
766 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
769 *** `eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to `ignore'
772 *** `describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
773 and can be used as a default value of `eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
774 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces (e.g. ] [,
775 ] [, ] [, etc.) while using mono-spaced font.
780 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
783 *** A new command `F' (`eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
784 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
785 customize the `shr-use-fonts' variable.
788 *** A new command `C' (`eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
789 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
790 customize the `shr-use-colors' variable.
793 *** A new command `R' (`eww-readable') will try do identify the main
794 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
795 the like off the page.
798 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with grey
799 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
800 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
801 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
802 bigger than the current window).
805 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
806 buffers you want to keep separate.
809 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
810 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
813 *** `eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
814 the data in the buffer.
817 *** The `eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
818 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
821 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
822 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
823 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
827 *** `mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
830 *** The new `S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
834 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
835 invalid certificates are marked in red.
840 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
841 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
844 *** The `message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
845 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
846 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
849 *** `message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
850 In `visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
851 while in non-`visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
855 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
856 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
857 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
858 respectively, `show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
859 `show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
862 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
863 of `epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
868 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
869 `image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
873 *** Images inserted with `insert-image' and related functions get a
874 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
875 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
876 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file.
879 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
880 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
884 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
885 provided: `image-property'.
891 *** Strings after `:documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
892 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
893 form `(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
894 CLOS class and slot documentation.
899 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
902 *** C-x C-x in rectangle-mark-mode now cycles through the four corners.
903 *** `string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
906 ** New font-lock functions `font-lock-ensure' and `font-lock-flush'.
907 These should be used in preference to `font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
911 ** Macro `minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
912 to `minibuffer-setup-hook'.
914 If the first argument of the macro is of the form `(:append FUN)',
915 then FUN will be appended to `minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
920 *** New functions `cl-fresh-line', `cl-digit-char-p', and `cl-parse-integer'.
923 *** `pcase' accepts the new UPattern `cl-struct'.
925 ** Calendar and diary
928 *** The default `diary-file' is now located in .emacs.d.
931 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
932 `diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' `diary-chinese-insert-entry'
933 `diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', `diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
936 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
937 See `diary-chinese-list-entries' and `diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
940 *** The option `calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
941 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
944 *** New option `calendar-weekend-days'.
945 The option customizes which day headers receive the
946 `calendar-weekend-header' face.
949 *** New optional args N and STRING for ‘holiday-greek-orthodox-easter’.
952 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
953 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
956 **** Functions `calendar-one-frame-setup', `calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
957 `calendar-two-frame-setup', `european-calendar', `american-calendar'.
959 **** Hooks `cal-menu-load-hook', `cal-x-load-hook'.
961 **** Macro `calendar-for-loop'.
963 **** Variables `european-calendar-style', `diary-face', `hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
965 **** The nil and list forms of `diary-display-function'.
968 ** New ERT function `ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
969 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
970 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
971 to produce a neat summary.
974 ** New js.el option `js-indent-first-init'.
975 It was renamed from `js-indent-first-initialiser', to avoid issues
976 with American vs British spelling.
981 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
982 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the `Info-quoted'
983 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
986 *** `Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
989 *** `info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
990 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
991 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
994 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
999 *** The Rmail commands `d', `C-d' and `u' take optional repeat counts
1000 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1003 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1004 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1005 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1006 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1007 `rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to `nil' if you don't want that.
1010 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1011 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1014 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see `ses-define-local-printer'.
1016 ** Shell-script Mode
1018 *** In sh-mode you can now use `sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1019 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1022 *** New value `always' for `sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1023 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1024 See the doc string of `sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1028 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1031 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1032 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1033 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1034 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1035 controlled by the `tls-program' variable.
1040 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1041 When `url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1042 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1045 *** The URL package allows customizing the `url-user-agent' string.
1046 The new `url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1050 *** The new interface variable `url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1051 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1052 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1055 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1056 plist will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1057 `gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1060 *** The new function `url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
1061 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
1067 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1068 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1071 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1075 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1076 `tramp-connection-properties'.
1079 *** Handler for `file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1080 filesystem notifications.
1085 *** New user variable `sql-default-directory' enables remote
1086 connections using Tramp.
1089 *** New command `sql-send-line-and-next'.
1090 This command, bound to `C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1091 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1095 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1097 ** VC and related modes
1100 *** Basic push support, via `vc-push', bound to `C-x v P'.
1101 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1102 (undocumented) command vc-hg-push now behaves slightly differently.
1105 *** The new command vc-region-history shows the log+diff of the active region.
1108 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with `M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1109 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1110 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1111 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1114 *** New option `vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1115 the color range from `vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1116 background or to the foreground.
1119 *** `compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1120 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1121 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1122 `compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1123 `compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1126 *** Two new faces `compare-windows-removed' and `compare-windows-added'
1127 replace the face `compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1128 `compare-windows-added'.
1131 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1132 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the `vc-faces'
1133 customization group.
1136 *** `log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1137 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set `log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1138 nil to disable this.
1141 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1146 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1147 fitting for use in money calculations
1150 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1155 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1156 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1157 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1160 *** New command `hif-evaluate-macro', bound to `C-c @ e', displays the
1161 result of evaluating a macro.
1164 *** New command `hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to `C-c @ C', clears
1165 all defined symbols in `hide-ifdef-env'.
1168 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1169 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of `.h',
1170 `.hh', `.hpp', `.hxx', or `.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1173 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1174 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1175 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1176 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to `t'.
1179 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1180 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1181 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1186 *** New custom variable `tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1187 use PDF instead of DVI.
1190 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1191 `prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1192 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1195 ** New `big-indent' style in `whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1196 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1197 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1198 `whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1201 ** New options in `tildify-mode'.
1202 New options `tildify-space-string', `tildify-pattern', and
1203 `tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1204 `tildify-string-alist', `tildify-pattern-alist', and
1205 `tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1206 helper functions) obsolete.
1209 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI
1211 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1212 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1213 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1214 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1215 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1218 The command `xref-find-definitions' replaces `find-tag' and provides
1219 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1220 `tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. `xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1221 `pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding (`M-,') different from the one
1222 `pop-tag-mark' used.
1224 `xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces `find-tag-other-window'.
1225 `xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces `find-tag-other-frame'.
1226 `xref-find-apropos' replaces `find-tag-regexp'.
1228 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1229 `find-tag-other-window', `find-tag-other-frame', `find-tag-regexp',
1232 `tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1233 `tags-search' and `tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1237 *** Variants of `tags-search' and `tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1238 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1243 `find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1244 `xref-marker-ring-length'. `find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1245 alias for a private variable. `xref-push-marker-stack' and
1246 `xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1247 of searches for definitions.
1250 *** `xref-find-definitions' and `describe-function' now display
1251 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1252 `define-overloadable-function' `define-mode-local-overrides').
1254 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1255 backward-incompatible ways.
1258 ** New package Project
1260 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1261 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1262 `project-find-file' and `project-find-regexp'.
1264 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1267 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1270 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1273 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1274 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1277 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1278 need to configure this manually anymore.
1281 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1284 There have also been customization changes.
1287 *** New custom variable `eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1288 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1291 *** Custom variable `eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1292 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1295 *** Custom variable `eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1296 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1299 *** Custom variable `eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1300 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1303 *** Custom variable `eudc-options-file' defaults to
1304 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1307 *** New custom variable `ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1308 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1309 command line's password prompt.
1312 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1315 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1320 *** The new built-in command `clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1321 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents will be cleared.
1324 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1325 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1326 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1327 `eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1331 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1332 `eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1333 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1334 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1335 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1336 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1337 make the new option `eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1342 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1345 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1348 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1351 ** tar-mode: new `tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1352 be added to the archive.
1355 ** Autorevert: dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file
1356 notifications, if Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1358 ** File Notifications
1361 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1364 *** The new event `stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1365 not active any longer.
1368 *** The new function `file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1369 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1374 *** The command `dired-do-compress' bound to `Z' now can compress
1375 directories and decompress zip files.
1378 *** New command `dired-do-compress-to' bound to `c' can be used to
1379 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1380 compression command is determined from the new
1381 `dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1384 *** `W' is now bound to `browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
1385 viewing HTML files and the like.
1387 *** New user interface for the `A' and `Q' commands.
1388 These keys, now bound to `dired-do-find-regexp' and
1389 `dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to `xref-find-apropos'
1390 and `xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1391 in the `*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1392 to use `tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1393 previous commands, `dired-do-search' and
1394 `dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1395 keys; rebind `A' and `Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1396 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1398 ** Tabulated List Mode
1401 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives `tabulated-list-mode' to not
1402 call `tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1406 *** `tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, update,
1407 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1408 few or no entries have changed.
1410 ** Obsolete packages
1416 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1419 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1422 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1423 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1424 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1425 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1426 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later).
1429 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1430 The main entry points are `cl-defgeneric' and `cl-defmethod'. See the
1431 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1434 ** scss-mode (a minor variant of css-mode) is a major mode for editing
1435 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1438 ** let-alist is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1439 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1442 ** `tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1443 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1444 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1445 other languages), so `auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1446 a typographically-correct documents.
1449 ** The `seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1450 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1451 are prefixed with `seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1452 `pcase' accepts a new Upattern `seq'.
1455 ** The `map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1456 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1457 `map-'. `pcase' accepts a new UPattern `map'.
1460 ** The `thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1461 evaluation of forms.
1464 ** js-jsx-mode (a minor variant of js-mode) provides indentation
1465 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1468 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1471 ** `setq' and `setf' must now be called with an even number of
1472 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1473 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1477 ** `syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1478 Removed font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1479 slot in font-lock-defaults.
1482 ** `package-initialize' now sets `package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1483 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1484 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1485 `package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1486 `package-initialize'.
1489 ** `:global' minor mode use `setq-default' rather than `setq'.
1490 This means that you can't use `make-local-variable' and expect them to
1491 "magically" become buffer-local.
1494 ** `track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1495 The `track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1496 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1497 executed. Lisp programs that use `track-mouse' for dragging across
1498 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1499 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable `track-mouse'
1500 to the special value `dragging' in the body of the form.
1503 ** The optional `predicate' argument of `lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1504 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1505 advertised at the time.)
1508 ** `indirect-function' does not signal `void-function' any more.
1509 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1510 symbol-function was changed not to signal `void-function' any more.
1513 *** As a consequence, the second arg of `indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1516 ** Comint, term, and compile do not set the EMACS env var any more.
1517 Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1520 ** `save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1521 Use `save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1524 ** `read-buffer' and `read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1525 argument (`predicate').
1528 ** `completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
1529 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
1530 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
1531 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
1532 `switch-buffer' to `completion-table-dynamic'.
1535 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
1538 ** inhibit-modification-hooks now also inhibits lock-file checks, as well as
1539 active region handling.
1542 ** deactivate-mark is now buffer-local.
1545 ** `cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
1548 ** `process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
1549 group ID instead of `t'.
1552 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
1553 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
1554 position list returned for such events is now nil.
1557 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
1558 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
1562 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
1563 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
1564 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
1565 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
1568 ** New variable ‘text-quoting-style’ to control how Emacs translates quotes.
1569 Set it to ‘curve’ for curved single quotes ‘like this’, to ‘straight’
1570 for straight apostrophes 'like this', and to ‘grave’ for grave accent
1571 and apostrophe `like this'. The default value nil acts like ‘curve’
1572 if curved single quotes are displayable, and like ‘grave’ otherwise.
1573 The new variable affects display of diagnostics and help, but not of info.
1576 ** substitute-command-keys now replaces quotes.
1577 That is, it converts documentation strings’ quoting style as per the
1578 value of ‘text-quoting-style’. Doc strings in source code can use
1579 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
1580 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
1583 ** Message-issuing functions ‘error’, ‘message’, etc. now convert quotes.
1584 They use the new ‘format-message’ function instead of plain ‘format’,
1585 so that they now follow user preference as per ‘text-quoting-style’
1586 when processing curved single quotes, grave accents, and apostrophes
1587 in their format argument.
1590 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
1591 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
1592 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
1593 word syntax, use `\sw' instead.
1596 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
1597 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
1598 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
1599 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
1600 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
1601 use [:multibyte:] instead.
1604 ** The `diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
1605 behavior, set `diff-switches' to `-c'.
1608 ** `grep-template' and `grep-find-template' values don't include the
1609 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
1610 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
1611 be updated accordingly.
1614 ** ‘(/ N)’ is now equivalent to ‘(/ 1 N)’ rather than to ‘(/ N 1)’.
1615 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
1616 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
1617 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary ‘/’.
1620 ** The `default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
1621 that happen, `unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
1622 `file-name-as-directory'.
1625 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1629 *** New UPatterns `quote', `app'.
1631 *** New UPatterns can be defined with `pcase-defmacro'.
1633 *** New vector QPattern.
1636 ** syntax-propertize is now automatically called on-demand during forward
1637 parsing functions like `forward-sexp'.
1640 ** New hooks `prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
1641 `prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
1642 commands other than the predefined `C-u'.
1645 ** New functions `filepos-to-bufferpos' and `bufferpos-to-filepos'.
1646 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
1647 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
1650 ** The default value of `load-read-function' is now `read'.
1651 Previously, the default value of `nil' implied using `read'.
1654 ** New hook `pre-redisplay-functions'.
1655 It is a bit easier to use than `pre-redisplay-function'.
1658 ** The second arg of `looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
1659 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
1662 ** Text properties `intangible', `point-entered', and `point-left' are obsolete.
1663 Replaced by properties `cursor-intangible' and `cursor-sensor-functions',
1664 implemented by the new `cursor-intangible-mode' and
1665 `cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
1668 ** `inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to `t' and is obsolete.
1669 Use the new minor modes `cursor-intangible-mode' and
1670 `cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
1673 ** New process type `pipe', which can be used in combination with the
1674 `:stderr' keyword of make-process to handle standard error output
1678 ** New function `make-process' provides an alternative interface to
1679 `start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
1680 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
1681 `make-network-process').
1684 ** A new function `directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
1685 files (recursively) under a directory.
1688 ** New variable `inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
1689 `message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
1690 area. The output is still logged to the *Messages* buffer.
1693 ** A new text property `inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
1694 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
1697 ** A new variable `comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
1698 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
1699 continued to the next line.
1702 ** New macro `define-advice'.
1705 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
1706 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
1709 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
1710 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
1714 ** lexical closures can use (:documentation FORM) to build their docstring.
1715 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
1716 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
1719 ** define-inline provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
1722 ** New function `macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
1725 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
1726 *** x-select-text is renamed gui-select-text.
1727 *** x-selection-value is renamed gui-selection-value.
1728 *** x-get-selection is renamed gui-get-selection.
1729 *** x-get-clipboard and x-clipboard-yank are marked obsolete.
1730 *** x-get-selection-value is renamed to gui-get-primary-selection.
1731 *** x-set-selection is renamed to gui-set-selection
1734 ** New function `string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
1738 ** The new functions `string-collate-lessp' and `string-collate-equalp'
1739 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
1740 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
1741 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
1742 counterparts `string-lessp' and `string-equal'.
1745 ** The new function `string-version-lessp' compares strings by
1746 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
1747 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
1748 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
1751 *** The ls-lisp package uses `string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
1752 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
1753 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
1754 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
1755 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
1756 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
1757 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
1758 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
1759 `ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
1762 *** The MS-Windows specific variable `w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
1763 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
1764 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
1765 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
1766 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
1767 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
1770 ** New function `alist-get', which is also a valid place (aka lvalue).
1773 ** New function `funcall-interactively', which works like `funcall'
1774 but makes `called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
1775 called interactively.
1778 ** New function `function-put' to use instead of `put' for function properties.
1781 ** The new function `bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
1782 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
1783 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
1784 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
1785 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
1788 ** The new function `buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
1789 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
1790 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
1791 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
1792 text and directional control characters.
1795 ** New properties that can be specified with `declare':
1796 *** (interactive-only INSTEAD), says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
1797 *** (pure VAL), if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
1798 *** (side-effect-free VAL), if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
1802 ** New macro `with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
1803 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
1806 ** You can access the slots of structures using `cl-struct-slot-value'.
1809 ** Function `sort' can deal with vectors.
1812 ** Function `system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
1813 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems,
1814 and to avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the
1815 name. The variable `system-name' is now obsolete.
1818 ** Function `write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
1821 ** If `pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
1825 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
1828 *** The function `font-info' now returns more details about a font.
1829 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
1830 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
1833 *** A new function `default-font-width' returns the average width of a
1834 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
1835 is remapped (see `face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
1836 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
1837 `default-font-height'.
1840 *** New functions `window-font-height' and `window-font-width' return
1841 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
1842 window. If FACE is remapped (see `face-remapping-alist'), the
1843 function returns the information for the remapped face.
1846 *** A new function `window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
1847 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
1848 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
1849 calculation. This function is different from `window-body-width' in
1850 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
1851 font, and (iii) the specified window.
1854 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
1855 *** New macros `if-let' and `when-let' allow defining bindings and to
1856 execute code depending whether all values are true.
1857 *** New macros `thread-first' and `thread-last' allow threading a form
1858 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
1861 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
1862 ‘like-this’ in addition to the old style with grave accent and
1863 apostrophe `like-this'. The new style looks better on today's displays.
1864 In the new Electric Quote mode, you can enter curved single quotes
1865 into documentation by typing ` and '. Outside Electric Quote mode,
1866 you can enter them by typing ‘C-x 8 [’ and ‘C-x 8 ]’, or (if your Alt
1867 key works) by typing ‘A-[’ and ‘A-]’. As described above under
1868 ‘text-quoting-style’, the user can specify how to display doc string
1872 ** New function ‘format-message’ is like ‘format’ and also converts
1873 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
1874 ‘text-quoting-style’.
1877 ** show-help-function's arg is converted via substitute-command-keys
1878 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
1879 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
1883 ** Time-related changes:
1885 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
1886 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
1887 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, ‘wall’ for system wall
1888 clock time, or a string as in ‘set-time-zone-rule’ for a time zone
1889 rule. The affected functions are ‘current-time-string’,
1890 ‘current-time-zone’, ‘decode-time’, and ‘format-time-string’. The
1891 function ‘encode-time’, which already accepted a simple time zone rule
1892 argument, has been extended to accept all the new forms.
1894 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
1895 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
1896 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
1897 Affected functions include `current-time-string', `current-time-zone',
1898 `decode-time', `float-time', `format-time-string', `seconds-to-time',
1899 `time-add', `time-less-p', `time-subtract', `time-to-day-in-year',
1900 `time-to-days', and `time-to-seconds'.
1902 *** The `encode-time-value' and `with-decoded-time-value' macros have
1905 *** `calendar-next-time-zone-transition', `time-add', and
1906 `time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
1907 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
1911 ** New function `set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
1912 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
1915 ** The new function `directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
1916 name (as returned from, for instance, `file-name-all-completions') is
1917 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
1918 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
1919 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
1922 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in standard-display-table
1923 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
1926 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
1927 standard-display-table, and encode output using locale-coding-system.
1928 To force a specific encoding, bind `coding-system-for-write' to the
1929 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like `prin1' and
1933 ** New var `truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
1936 ** New possible value for `system-type': `nacl'.
1937 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
1939 ** Miscellaneous name change
1942 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
1943 `hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to `hfy-optimizations'.
1944 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
1946 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
1949 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
1950 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
1951 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
1953 **** New function `horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
1954 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
1956 **** New mode `horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
1957 bars on all existing and future frames.
1959 **** New function `toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
1960 scroll bars on the selected frame.
1962 **** New frame parameters `horizontal-scroll-bars' and
1963 `scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
1964 for individual frames and in `default-frame-alist'.
1966 **** New functions `frame-scroll-bar-height' and
1967 `window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
1968 bars on a specific frame or window.
1970 **** `set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
1971 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
1973 **** `window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
1976 **** New buffer-local variables `horizontal-scroll-bar' and
1977 `scroll-bar-height'.
1980 *** New functions `frame-geometry' and `frame-edges' give access to a
1984 *** New functions `mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
1985 `set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
1989 *** The function `window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
1990 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
1993 *** The functions `window-inside-edges', `window-inside-pixel-edges' and
1994 `window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
1995 `window-body-edges', `window-body-pixel-edges' and
1996 `window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
1999 *** New function `window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2000 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2003 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2004 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2005 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2006 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2007 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2011 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2012 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2013 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2014 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2015 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2016 **** New option `frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2017 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2018 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2019 number of columns or lines it displays.
2022 *** New function `window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2023 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by `fit-window-to-buffer',
2024 `temp-buffer-resize-mode' and `display-buffer'.
2027 *** New `display-buffer' action function `display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2028 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2029 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2033 *** New minor mode `window-divider-mode' and options
2034 `window-divider-default-places', `window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2035 and `window-divider-default-right-width'.
2038 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2039 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2044 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2046 By default, `etags' will not qualify class members for C-like
2047 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2048 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2049 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2050 `xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2053 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2054 qualifying class members in C++, Java, and Objective C. Note that
2055 using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to `M-.'
2056 (`xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use `C-u M-.' to specify the
2057 qualified names by hand.
2060 *** New language Ruby
2062 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2063 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2067 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2070 *** Improved support for Lua
2072 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2073 whitespace at line beginning.
2076 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2079 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution
2080 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2081 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2082 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2083 `configure' script in the top-level directory.
2086 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2087 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2088 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2091 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2094 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2095 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2098 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2099 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2102 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2105 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2108 ** New variable `ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2109 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2110 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2114 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2115 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2117 ** New variable `w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2118 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2119 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2120 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2121 OS use its default size.
2124 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2125 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2127 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2128 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2129 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2130 (at your option) any later version.
2132 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2133 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2134 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2135 GNU General Public License for more details.
2137 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2138 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2144 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"