1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
3 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for license conditions.
7 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
10 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
12 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13 in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
20 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
21 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
22 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
24 Fixme: The notes about Emacs 23 are quite incomplete.
27 * Changes in Emacs 23.1
29 ** The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode.
30 (It has about four times the code space, which should be plenty).
32 The internal encoding used for buffers and strings is now
33 Unicode-based and called `utf-8-emacs'. utf-8-emacs is backwards
34 compatible with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. The `emacs-mule'
35 coding system can still read and write data in the old internal
38 There are still charsets which contain disjoint sets of characters
39 where this is necessary or useful, especially for various Far Eastern
40 sets which are problematic with Unicode.
42 Since the internal encoding is also used by default for byte-compiled
43 files -- i.e. the normal coding system for byte-compiled Lisp files is
44 now utf-8-Emacs -- Lisp containing non-ASCII characters which is
45 compiled by Emacs 23 can't be read by earlier versions of Emacs. Files
46 compiled by Emacs 20, 21, or 22 are loaded correctly as emacs-mule
47 (whether or not they contain multibyte characters), which makes loading
48 them somewhat slower than Emacs 23-compiled files. Thus it may be worth
49 recompiling existing .elc files which don't need to be shared with older
52 ** There are assorted new coding systems/aliases -- see
53 M-x list-coding-systems.
55 ** New charset implementation with many new charsets.
56 See M-x list-character-sets. New charsets can be defined conveniently
57 as tables of unicodes.
59 The dimension of a charset is now 0, 1, 2, or 3, and the size of each
60 dimension is no longer limited to 94 or 96.
62 Generic characters no longer exist.
64 A dynamic charset priority list is used to infer the charset of
65 unicodes for display &c.
67 ** The following facilities are obsolete:
69 Minor modes: unify-8859-on-encoding-mode, unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
72 * Lisp changes in Emacs 23.1
74 map-char-table's behaviour has changed.
76 New functions: characterp, max-char, map-charset-chars,
77 define-charset-alias, primary-charset, set-primary-charset,
78 unify-charset, clear-charset-maps, charset-priority-list,
79 set-charset-priority, define-coding-system,
80 define-coding-system-alias, coding-system-aliases, langinfo,
83 Changed functions: copy-sequence, decode-char, encode-char,
84 set-fontset-font, new-fontset, modify-syntax-entry, define-charset,
87 Obsoleted: char-bytes, chars-in-region, set-coding-priority,
91 * Incompatible Lisp changes
93 Deleted functions: make-coding-system, register-char-codings,
96 ** The character codes for characters from the
97 eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range
100 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
103 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
104 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
105 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
106 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
107 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
108 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
109 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
112 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
113 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
117 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
120 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
121 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
122 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
125 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
128 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
129 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
132 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
133 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
134 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
135 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
136 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
137 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
138 in each user's home directory.
141 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
142 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
146 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
148 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
149 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
150 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
151 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
154 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
157 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
158 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
159 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
160 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
163 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
164 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
165 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
166 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
167 doesn't automatically select the right one.
170 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
171 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
175 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
178 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
179 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
180 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
181 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
184 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
187 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
190 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
193 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
194 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
197 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
200 ** Support for HP 9000 series 800 and Hitachi SR2001/SR2201 machines
204 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
205 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
206 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
209 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
210 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
213 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
214 much pure storage it will approximately need.
216 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
217 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
221 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
222 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
223 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
226 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
229 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
230 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
233 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
236 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
237 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
238 the fancy startup screen.
241 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
242 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
246 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
247 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
250 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
251 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
252 can start with this line:
254 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
257 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
258 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
259 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
261 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
263 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
264 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
267 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
268 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
271 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
272 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
275 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
276 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
277 an interactively callable function.
280 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
281 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
282 affects the initial frame.
285 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
286 wrt its frame position: if you don't specify a position (in your
287 .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry command-line
288 option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows' window
292 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
293 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
294 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
295 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
296 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
299 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
300 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
301 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
302 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
303 `inhibit-splash-screen').
306 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
307 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
311 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
312 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
313 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
317 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
318 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
319 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
322 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
323 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
324 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
325 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
326 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
329 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
330 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
331 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
334 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
337 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
338 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
339 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
340 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
343 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
344 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
346 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
347 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
350 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
351 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
352 the operating system or your X server.
355 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
358 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
359 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
363 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
364 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
367 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
368 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
369 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
370 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
373 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
374 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
377 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
379 See below under "incremental search changes".
382 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
385 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
386 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
387 directory with Dired.
389 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
390 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
393 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
394 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
395 it remains unchanged.
398 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
399 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
400 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
401 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
402 "New keymaps for typing file names".
405 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
406 M-o M-o requests refontification.
409 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
411 See below for more details.
414 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
415 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
416 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
417 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
418 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
419 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
421 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
422 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
425 ** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
427 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
428 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
429 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
430 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
433 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
436 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
437 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
438 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
439 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
440 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
444 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
445 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
448 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
449 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
450 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
451 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
454 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
457 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
458 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
461 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
462 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
463 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
466 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
467 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
470 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
471 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
474 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
475 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
476 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
477 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
480 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
481 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
482 in Indented-Text mode.
485 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
487 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
488 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
489 in the value, use `$$'.
492 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
493 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
497 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
500 ** Mark command changes:
503 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
504 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
505 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
508 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
510 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
511 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
512 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
513 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
514 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
515 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
516 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
517 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
518 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
521 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
523 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
524 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
528 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
529 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
530 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
531 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
532 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
535 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
536 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
537 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
540 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
541 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
542 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
546 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
547 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
548 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
550 ** Help command changes:
553 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
555 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
557 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
559 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
561 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
564 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
565 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
567 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
568 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
570 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
571 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
572 run by the key sequence.
573 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
574 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
577 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
578 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
579 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
580 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
581 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
582 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
583 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
584 new-kill-line is on C-k
587 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
588 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
589 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
590 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
593 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
594 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
597 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
598 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
599 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
600 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
601 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
602 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
603 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
604 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
605 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
608 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
609 description various information about a character, including its
610 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
611 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
612 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
615 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
616 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
619 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
620 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
621 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
622 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
623 keyboard oriented alternative.
626 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
627 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
628 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
629 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
630 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
633 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
634 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
635 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
639 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
640 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
641 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
642 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
643 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
646 ** Incremental Search changes:
649 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
650 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
651 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
652 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
656 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
657 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
658 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
659 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
662 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
663 at the end of a line.
666 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
667 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
668 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
671 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
672 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
673 search string used as the string to replace.
676 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
677 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
678 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
680 ** Replace command changes:
683 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
684 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
685 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
688 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
689 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
690 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
691 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
692 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
693 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
694 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
695 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
696 can be edited for each replacement.
699 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
700 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
703 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
704 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
706 ** Local variables lists:
709 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
710 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
713 *** Text properties in local variables.
715 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
716 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
719 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
720 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
721 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
722 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
723 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
725 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
726 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
727 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
728 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
729 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
730 However, risky variables will not be added to
731 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
734 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
735 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
736 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
737 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
738 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
741 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
742 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
743 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
744 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
748 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
749 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
750 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
751 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
752 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
753 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
755 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
756 confirmation as before.
758 ** File operation changes:
761 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
762 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
763 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
764 is only rarely needed.
767 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
768 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
771 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
772 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
773 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
776 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
779 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
781 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
782 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
783 directory with Dired.
786 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
787 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
788 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
792 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
793 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
796 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
797 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
798 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
799 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
800 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
801 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
804 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
805 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
806 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
809 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
810 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
811 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
814 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
815 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
816 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
817 in data loss, use with care.
820 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
821 Emacs asks for confirmation.
824 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
826 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
827 when visiting the file.
829 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
830 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
831 when saving the file.
834 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
835 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
836 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
837 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
838 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
841 ** Minibuffer changes:
844 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
845 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
848 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
849 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
850 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
854 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
856 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
857 have in common and where they begin to differ.
859 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
860 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
861 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
862 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
863 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
864 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
865 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
866 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
868 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
869 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
870 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
871 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
875 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
876 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
877 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
878 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
879 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
880 candidate is a directory.
883 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
884 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
885 it remains unchanged.
888 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
889 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
890 elements are deleted from the history list.
892 ** Redisplay changes:
895 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
897 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
898 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
899 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
900 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
903 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
904 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
905 appears between the position information and the major mode.
908 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
911 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
912 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
913 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
916 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
917 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
918 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
919 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
921 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
922 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
923 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
924 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
925 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
926 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
928 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
929 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
932 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
933 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
936 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
939 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
940 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
941 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
944 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
945 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
946 the mode line of the currently selected window.
948 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
949 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
952 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
953 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
954 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
955 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
959 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
960 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
961 the window can be scrolled.
963 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
964 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
965 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
967 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
968 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
970 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
971 position of each bitmap individually.
973 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
974 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
975 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
976 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
979 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
980 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
981 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
982 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
983 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
985 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
986 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
989 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
990 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
991 outside those margins.
994 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
995 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
997 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
998 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
999 or when the frame is resized.
1002 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
1003 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
1004 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
1005 even cause Emacs to crash.
1008 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
1009 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
1010 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
1012 ** Cursor display changes:
1015 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1016 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1019 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1022 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1023 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1024 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1028 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1029 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1033 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1034 of the recognized cursor types.
1037 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1038 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1043 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
1044 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
1047 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
1048 parts of the mode line.
1051 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
1052 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
1053 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
1054 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
1055 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
1056 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
1059 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
1064 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1066 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1067 overlap. It depens on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1070 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1071 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1072 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1074 ** Font-Lock changes:
1077 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
1078 M-o M-o requests refontification.
1081 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
1082 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
1083 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
1085 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
1086 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
1090 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
1091 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
1092 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
1093 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
1094 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
1095 the open-paren is not in column 0.
1098 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
1101 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
1104 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
1105 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
1106 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
1107 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
1110 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
1111 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
1112 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
1113 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
1114 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
1117 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
1119 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
1120 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
1121 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
1122 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
1125 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
1127 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
1128 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
1129 refontification takes place.
1132 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
1134 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
1135 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
1136 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
1138 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
1140 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
1141 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
1143 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
1149 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1150 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1151 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1152 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1153 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1154 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1157 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1160 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1163 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1164 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1165 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1168 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
1169 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1172 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1173 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1176 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1177 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1178 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1181 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1182 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1183 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1186 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1187 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1190 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1191 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1197 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1198 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1199 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1200 can be selected only when it is active.
1203 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1204 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1205 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1206 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1207 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1211 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1213 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1214 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1215 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1216 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1217 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1218 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1220 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1221 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1222 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1223 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1224 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1225 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1226 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1227 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1228 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1230 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1231 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1232 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1235 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1236 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1238 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1239 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1242 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1243 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1244 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1245 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1246 also disable mouse highlighting.
1249 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1250 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1251 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1254 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1255 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1258 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1260 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1261 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1262 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1263 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1266 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1268 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1270 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1271 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1272 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1273 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1274 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1275 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1276 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1277 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1278 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1279 without any character translation:
1280 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1283 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1284 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1285 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1286 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1287 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1290 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1291 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1292 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1293 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1294 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1295 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1296 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1297 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1300 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1301 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1304 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1308 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1312 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1316 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1317 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1318 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1322 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1323 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1326 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1327 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1328 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1329 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1330 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1331 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1332 mule-unicode-... ones.
1334 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1335 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1336 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1339 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1340 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1341 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1342 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1343 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1346 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1347 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1348 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1349 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1352 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1353 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1354 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1355 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW,
1356 Esperanto. (Set up automatically according to the locale.)
1359 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1360 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1361 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1362 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1363 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1367 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1371 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1372 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1373 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1374 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1378 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1379 M-t (transpose-words)
1380 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1383 *** Indian support has been updated.
1384 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1385 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1386 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1390 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1393 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1394 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1395 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1396 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1397 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1398 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1399 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1400 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1401 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1402 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1403 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1404 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1407 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1408 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1409 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1412 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1413 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1414 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1415 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1416 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1419 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1420 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1423 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1424 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1425 fontset appropriately.
1427 ** Customize changes:
1430 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1431 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1432 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1433 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1436 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1437 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1438 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1442 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1443 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1444 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1445 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1446 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1447 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1448 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1451 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1452 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1453 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1454 under the "[State]" button.
1456 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1459 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1460 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1464 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1465 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1466 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1469 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1470 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1471 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1473 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1474 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1475 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1476 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1477 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1479 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1480 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1481 t, and the status is shown.
1483 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1484 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1489 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1490 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1491 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1494 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1495 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1498 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1499 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1502 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1503 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1506 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1507 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1508 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1509 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1510 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1511 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1514 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1515 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1518 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1520 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1521 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1522 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1526 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1527 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1528 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1529 directory listing into a buffer.
1534 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1535 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1536 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1537 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1538 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1540 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1541 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1543 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1544 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1545 lines, including any prompts.
1547 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1548 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1549 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1550 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1551 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1552 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1553 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1556 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1557 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1558 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1559 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1562 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1563 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1564 but declared obsolete.
1567 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in
1568 subshells running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment
1569 variable, which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs
1570 that need to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check
1571 INSIDE_EMACS instead of EMACS.
1573 ** M-x Compile changes:
1576 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1578 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1579 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1580 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1581 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1583 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1584 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1585 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1587 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1588 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1589 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1590 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1591 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1593 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1596 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1597 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1598 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1599 subprocesses inherit.
1602 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1603 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1606 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1607 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1608 in new face `next-error'.
1611 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1612 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1613 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1614 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1615 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1619 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1620 the compilation buffer.
1623 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1624 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1625 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1626 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1630 *** The EMACS environment variable now defaults to Emacs's absolute
1631 file name, instead of to "t".
1633 ** Occur mode changes:
1636 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1637 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1641 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1642 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1645 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1646 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1647 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1648 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1649 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1655 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1657 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1658 customization group.
1661 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1662 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1665 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1666 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1667 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1668 and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivitivy of the
1669 search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1671 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1672 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1674 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1676 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1677 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1678 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1681 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1683 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1684 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1687 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1688 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1691 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1692 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1693 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1694 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1695 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1696 source line is highlighted.
1699 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1700 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1701 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1702 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1703 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1704 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1708 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1709 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1710 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1711 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1712 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1713 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1715 ** X Windows Support:
1718 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1719 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1720 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1723 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1724 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1725 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1726 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1728 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1729 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1732 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1733 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1735 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1736 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1739 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1740 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1741 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1742 and use the more appropriately result.
1745 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1746 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1747 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1752 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1753 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1756 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1757 When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1758 The following should work:
1759 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1760 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1761 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1763 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1766 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1767 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1768 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1769 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1770 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1771 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1772 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1773 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1774 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1777 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1778 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1779 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1780 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1781 all of these colors.
1784 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1785 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1786 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1787 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1791 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1793 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1795 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1797 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1799 To see what modules are available, type
1800 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1802 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts for
1803 server, port, and nick.
1806 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1808 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1809 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1810 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1811 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1812 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1815 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1816 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1819 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1821 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1822 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1823 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1827 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1828 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1831 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1832 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1833 program files that include other program files.
1835 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1836 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1840 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1842 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1843 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1844 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1845 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1846 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1850 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1851 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1854 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1856 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1857 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1858 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1859 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1862 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1863 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1866 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1868 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1869 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1870 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1871 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1872 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1873 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1875 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1876 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1877 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1878 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1880 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1881 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1882 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1883 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1884 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1885 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1886 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1888 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1889 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1890 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1892 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1893 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1895 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1896 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1897 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1898 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1900 The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1901 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1902 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1903 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1905 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1906 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1907 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1908 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1911 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1913 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1914 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1915 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1918 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1919 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1921 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1922 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1923 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1926 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1927 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1930 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1931 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1932 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1933 Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1934 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1935 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1938 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1939 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1942 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1943 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1944 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1945 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1946 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1948 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1949 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1950 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1951 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1952 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1953 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1955 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1956 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1957 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1958 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1959 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1960 for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1961 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1962 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1963 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1967 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1970 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1971 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1972 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1973 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1975 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1978 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1979 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1980 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1981 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1982 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1985 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1986 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1988 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1989 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1991 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1992 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1993 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1994 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1996 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1997 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1998 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
2001 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
2002 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
2003 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
2006 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
2007 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
2010 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
2011 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
2012 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
2013 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
2014 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
2015 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
2016 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
2017 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
2018 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
2021 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
2023 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
2024 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
2025 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
2026 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
2027 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
2028 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
2031 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
2032 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
2033 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
2034 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
2036 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
2039 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
2040 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
2041 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
2045 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
2046 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
2047 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
2048 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
2051 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
2052 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
2055 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
2056 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
2057 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
2058 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
2059 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
2060 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
2062 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
2063 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
2064 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
2067 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
2069 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
2070 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
2071 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
2072 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
2073 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
2074 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
2075 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
2076 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
2077 `rsync' to do the copying).
2079 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
2080 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
2082 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
2084 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
2086 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
2090 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
2093 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
2094 configuration files.
2097 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
2098 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
2099 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
2100 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
2101 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
2105 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
2108 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
2111 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
2112 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
2114 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
2115 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
2116 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
2117 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
2118 boundaries during scrolling.
2121 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
2122 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
2123 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
2125 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
2127 ** Changes in Shell Mode
2129 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2130 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2131 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2136 *** Bindings for Tumme added
2137 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
2138 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
2139 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
2140 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
2142 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2145 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2146 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2147 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2148 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2149 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2150 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2151 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2152 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2155 ** Changes in Allout
2157 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2158 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2159 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2160 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2161 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2163 *** Many or most commonly occuring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2164 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2165 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2166 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2168 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2169 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2170 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2172 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2174 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2175 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2176 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2177 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2179 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2180 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2181 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2182 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2183 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2185 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2186 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2187 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2188 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2189 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2190 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2191 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2192 allout-encryption customization group.
2194 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2195 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2196 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2197 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2198 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2200 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2201 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2204 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2205 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2207 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2208 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2209 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2210 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2211 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2212 to use than the old version.
2214 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2215 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2216 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2217 variable is changed, rather than before.
2219 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2220 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2221 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2223 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2224 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2225 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2226 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2228 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2230 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2231 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2232 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2233 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2234 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2235 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2236 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2237 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2238 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2239 the functionality in allout addons.
2240 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2241 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2242 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2243 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2244 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2245 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2246 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2247 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2248 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2249 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2250 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2251 - version number incremented to 2.2
2253 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
2254 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
2255 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
2256 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
2257 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
2260 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2262 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2263 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2265 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2266 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2267 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2269 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2270 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2271 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2272 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2273 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2276 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2278 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2280 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2281 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2284 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2285 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2289 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2290 of the file that precede the first header line.
2293 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2296 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2297 run most curses applications now.
2300 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2303 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2305 These are the new bindings:
2307 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2308 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2309 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2310 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2311 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2313 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2314 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2315 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2318 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2319 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2320 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2322 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2323 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2324 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2327 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2328 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2331 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2332 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2333 incompatible change.
2336 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2339 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2340 resync points in both windows.
2343 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2345 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2346 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2349 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2350 when Emacs visits them.
2352 ** Info mode changes:
2355 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2356 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2359 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2361 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2362 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2363 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2364 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2365 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2366 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2370 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2371 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2372 search without prompting for a new search string.
2375 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2376 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2377 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2380 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2383 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2384 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2387 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2388 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2392 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2393 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2394 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2397 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2398 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2401 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2402 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2405 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2407 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2408 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2411 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2413 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2414 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2415 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2418 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2421 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2423 ** Lisp mode changes:
2426 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2429 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2431 *** New features in evaluation commands
2434 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2435 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2438 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2439 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2440 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2441 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2442 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2447 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2448 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2449 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2451 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2452 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2454 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2455 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2457 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2458 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2460 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2461 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2462 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2463 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2464 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2466 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2468 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2470 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2474 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2475 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2476 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2477 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2478 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2481 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2482 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2483 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2487 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2488 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2489 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2491 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2492 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2493 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2495 *** Font lock support.
2496 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2497 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2498 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2499 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2500 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2501 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2503 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2504 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2505 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2506 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2507 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2508 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2509 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2510 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2511 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2513 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2514 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2515 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2516 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2519 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2520 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2521 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2522 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2523 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2524 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2526 **** Support for documentation comments.
2527 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2528 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2529 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2530 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2532 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2533 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2534 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2535 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2536 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2538 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2539 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2540 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2541 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2544 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2545 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2546 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2547 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2548 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2550 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2551 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2552 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2553 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2554 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2556 *** Support for the AWK language.
2557 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2558 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2559 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2562 **** Indentation Engine
2563 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2565 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2566 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2567 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2568 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2569 definition, or structured statement.
2571 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2572 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2573 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2576 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2577 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2578 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2579 the AWK language itself.
2581 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2582 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2583 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2584 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2585 extended definition.
2587 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2588 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2589 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2590 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2592 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2593 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2594 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2595 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2596 composition-close, and incomposition.
2598 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2599 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2600 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2601 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2602 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2604 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2606 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2607 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2608 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2609 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2611 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2612 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2614 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2616 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2617 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2618 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2619 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2621 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2625 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2627 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2630 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2631 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2632 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2633 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2636 *** API changes for derived modes.
2638 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2639 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2640 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2641 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2642 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2644 **** New language variable system.
2645 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2646 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2648 **** New initialization functions.
2649 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2650 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2651 `c-init-language-vars'.
2653 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2654 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2655 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2656 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2658 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2659 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2660 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2661 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2662 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2664 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2665 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2666 its substatement. E.g:
2672 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2674 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2675 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2676 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2677 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2678 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2681 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2683 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2684 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2685 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2686 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2687 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2688 empty lines within the macro better.
2690 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2691 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2692 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2694 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2695 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2696 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2697 backslashes can be moved.
2699 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2700 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2701 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2702 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2704 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2705 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2706 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2707 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2708 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2709 backslash) in the macro.
2711 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2712 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2713 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2714 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2715 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2716 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2718 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2719 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2721 *** New lineup functions
2723 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2724 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2727 result = prefix + "A message "
2728 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2730 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2731 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2733 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2734 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2735 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2737 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2738 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2740 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2741 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2743 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2744 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2745 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2746 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2747 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2748 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2750 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2751 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2752 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2753 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2756 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2757 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2758 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2759 happen when macros are involved.
2761 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2762 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2763 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2764 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2765 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2766 line is left untouched.
2768 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2769 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2770 syntactic indentation.
2772 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2773 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2776 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2779 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2780 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2781 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2782 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2784 ** Fortran mode changes:
2787 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2788 highlighting for the old default.
2791 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2792 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2793 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2796 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2797 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2798 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2799 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2802 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2803 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2807 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2808 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2811 ** Reftex mode changes
2814 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2816 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2817 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2818 support for multifile documents.
2820 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2821 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2822 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2823 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2824 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2825 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2826 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2829 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2830 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2832 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2835 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2839 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2841 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2842 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2843 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2845 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2846 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2847 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2848 citation selection buffer.
2850 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2851 cursor as a default search string.
2853 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2854 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2856 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2857 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2859 Support for jurabib has been added.
2862 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2864 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2865 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2868 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2870 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2871 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2872 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2873 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2874 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2875 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2878 *** Miscellaneous changes
2880 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2881 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2883 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2886 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2887 to support use of font-lock.
2889 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2892 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2896 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2897 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2898 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2899 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2900 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2901 from the file name or buffer contents.
2903 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2904 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2908 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2913 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2916 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2917 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2918 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2919 TeX commands to use at startup.
2922 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2923 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2926 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2930 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2931 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2933 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2934 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2937 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2939 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2940 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2941 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2942 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2943 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2944 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2946 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2947 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2949 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2950 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2952 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2953 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2955 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2956 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2958 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2959 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2960 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2962 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2963 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2965 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2966 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2968 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2969 in multiple BibTeX files.
2971 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2972 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2974 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2975 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2976 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2978 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2979 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2980 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2981 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2982 still available as aliases.
2984 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2985 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2989 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2990 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2996 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2997 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
3000 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
3001 and other common debugger commands.
3004 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
3005 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
3006 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
3007 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
3008 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
3009 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
3012 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
3015 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
3016 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
3020 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
3021 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
3025 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
3027 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
3028 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
3029 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
3030 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
3031 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
3033 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
3034 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
3035 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
3038 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
3041 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
3042 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
3043 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
3045 *** Added Customization Variables
3047 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
3049 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
3050 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
3051 java sources (previous method).
3053 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
3054 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
3057 *** Minor Improvements
3059 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
3060 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
3061 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
3062 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
3065 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
3067 ** Auto-Revert changes:
3070 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
3072 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
3073 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
3074 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
3075 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
3076 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
3077 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
3080 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
3081 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
3082 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
3086 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
3087 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
3088 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
3089 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
3090 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
3091 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
3092 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
3093 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
3094 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
3097 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
3098 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
3099 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
3100 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
3101 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
3106 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
3107 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
3110 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
3111 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
3112 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
3114 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
3115 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
3116 keep in the recent list.
3118 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
3119 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
3120 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
3121 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
3122 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
3124 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
3125 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
3126 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
3132 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
3135 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
3137 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
3140 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
3144 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
3145 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
3150 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
3151 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
3152 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
3154 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
3155 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
3158 *** New customizable variables:
3159 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
3161 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
3162 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
3163 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
3164 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
3165 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
3167 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
3168 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
3169 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
3170 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
3173 *** New command line option --no-desktop
3177 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
3178 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
3181 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3183 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3184 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3185 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3186 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3187 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3193 *** When comparing directories.
3194 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3195 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3196 from one directory to another.
3199 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3200 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3201 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3202 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3206 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3207 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3208 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3213 *** New regular expressions features
3215 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3217 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3218 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3219 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3220 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3221 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3222 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3223 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3224 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3225 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3226 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3228 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3230 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3231 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3234 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3236 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3237 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3238 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3240 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3242 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3243 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3245 *** New language parsing features
3247 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3249 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3251 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3253 **** New language HTML.
3255 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3256 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3258 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3260 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3261 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3263 **** New language Lua.
3265 All functions are tagged.
3267 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3269 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3270 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3273 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3275 **** New language PHP.
3277 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3278 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3280 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3282 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3285 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3287 *** Honor #line directives.
3289 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3290 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3291 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3292 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3293 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3295 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3297 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3298 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3299 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3302 *** The --members option is now the default.
3304 Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
3305 struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
3309 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3314 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3315 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3317 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3318 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3319 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3322 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3324 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3327 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3328 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3330 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3331 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3332 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3335 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3338 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3340 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3341 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3342 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3344 P: annotates the previous revision
3345 N: annotates the next revision
3346 J: annotates the revision at line
3347 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3348 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3349 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3350 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3355 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3356 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3360 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3361 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3362 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3366 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3367 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3368 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3371 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3373 See the documentation of the user option
3374 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3379 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3381 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3382 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3383 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3386 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3388 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3389 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3390 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3391 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3392 used instead of the native one.
3397 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3399 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3403 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3405 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3410 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3411 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3413 ** Calendar changes:
3416 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3417 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3420 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3421 the calendar left or right.
3424 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3425 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3428 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3432 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3433 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3434 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3435 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3436 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3437 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3438 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3439 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3440 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3443 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3444 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3445 count backward from the end of the year.
3448 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3449 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3450 day of that ISO week.
3453 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3454 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3457 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3458 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3459 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3460 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3463 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3464 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3465 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3468 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3469 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3470 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3471 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3474 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3475 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3476 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3477 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3481 ** Speedbar changes:
3483 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3484 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3486 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3489 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3490 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3492 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3494 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3495 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3496 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3499 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3500 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3501 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3502 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3505 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3506 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3507 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3508 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3509 that number to `other-frame'.
3511 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3512 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3514 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3515 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3516 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3517 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3518 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3519 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3520 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3521 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3522 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3527 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3528 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3529 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3530 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3531 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3533 The following values are supported:
3535 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3549 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3552 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3553 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3554 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3556 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3558 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3559 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3560 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3561 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3563 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3564 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3566 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3568 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3569 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3571 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3573 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3574 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3575 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3576 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3579 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3580 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3581 credentials to authenticate the user.
3583 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3584 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3585 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3587 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3588 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3590 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3591 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3594 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3595 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3599 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3604 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3606 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3607 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3608 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3609 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3612 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3614 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3615 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3618 ** Changes in Skeleton
3620 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3622 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3623 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3624 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3625 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3626 with other details of skeleton construction.
3628 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3629 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3630 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3631 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3635 ** Hideshow mode changes
3637 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3638 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3639 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3640 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3642 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3643 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3644 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3647 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3648 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3649 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3652 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3655 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3656 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3657 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3658 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3661 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3663 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3664 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3665 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3668 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3669 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3670 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3671 using strokes as an input method.
3673 ** Emacs server changes:
3676 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3678 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3679 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3680 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3681 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3684 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3685 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3686 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3689 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3692 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3695 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3697 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3698 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3699 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3702 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3703 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3706 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3708 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3709 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3713 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3715 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3716 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3717 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3719 ** battery.el changes:
3722 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3725 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3728 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3730 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3731 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3732 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3733 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3736 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3739 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3742 ** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3745 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3749 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3751 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3752 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3753 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3754 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3755 anything for those nodes.
3757 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3760 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3761 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3764 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3765 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3770 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3771 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3772 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3773 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3774 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3777 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3780 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3782 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3783 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3784 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3785 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3786 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3787 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3788 where USERNAME is your user name.
3790 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3791 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3792 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3795 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3797 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3798 existing values. For example:
3800 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3802 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3803 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3806 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3808 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3809 cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3810 When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3811 instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3812 some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3813 the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3816 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3818 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3821 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3823 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3824 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3825 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3826 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3827 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3828 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3831 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3833 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3834 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3835 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3836 sound support for those formats.
3839 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3841 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3844 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3846 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3847 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3848 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3851 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3853 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3854 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3855 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3856 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3857 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3858 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3859 you wish to use them in other faces.
3862 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3864 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3865 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3866 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3867 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3871 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3873 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3874 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3875 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3876 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3877 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3878 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3879 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3880 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3881 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3882 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3885 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3888 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3889 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3890 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3892 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3893 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3895 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3898 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3899 user just types RET.
3902 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3903 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3904 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3905 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3908 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3909 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3912 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3913 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3914 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3918 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3919 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3920 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3923 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3925 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3927 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3928 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3929 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3932 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3935 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3936 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3939 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3940 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3941 handle these events.
3944 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3945 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3948 ** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3949 combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3950 glyph code is deprecated.
3952 Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3953 `glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3957 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3959 ** General Lisp changes:
3961 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3962 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3963 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3966 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3969 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3970 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3973 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3976 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3978 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3979 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3980 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3983 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3984 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3987 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3989 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3992 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3994 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3995 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3999 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
4001 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
4004 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
4005 the new element from the history list it updates.
4008 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
4010 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
4011 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
4014 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
4016 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
4017 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
4018 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
4022 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
4024 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
4027 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
4029 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
4033 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
4035 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
4039 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
4041 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
4042 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
4045 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
4047 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
4048 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
4049 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
4051 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
4052 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
4055 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
4057 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
4058 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
4059 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
4062 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
4064 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
4065 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
4066 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
4069 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
4071 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
4072 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
4073 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
4074 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
4077 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
4079 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
4080 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
4081 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
4083 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
4084 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
4087 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
4089 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
4092 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
4094 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
4095 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
4096 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
4099 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
4100 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
4101 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
4103 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
4105 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
4107 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
4110 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
4112 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
4113 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is t or nil.
4116 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
4118 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
4119 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
4121 ** Lisp code indentation features:
4124 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
4126 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
4127 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
4129 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
4131 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
4132 possible declaration specifiers are:
4135 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
4138 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
4139 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
4140 but this is cleaner.)
4143 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
4145 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
4148 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
4150 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
4151 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
4152 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
4156 ** Variable aliases:
4158 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
4160 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
4161 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
4162 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
4163 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
4165 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
4166 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
4168 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
4170 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
4171 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
4172 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
4174 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
4175 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
4178 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
4179 `make-obsolete-variable'.
4181 ** defcustom changes:
4184 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
4185 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
4186 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
4187 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
4190 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
4195 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
4197 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
4198 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
4199 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
4202 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
4205 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
4208 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
4209 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
4210 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
4211 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
4212 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
4215 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
4216 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
4219 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
4223 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
4224 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
4225 been declared obsolete.
4228 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
4229 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
4230 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
4231 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
4232 syntax). Also available for characters.
4235 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
4237 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
4238 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
4239 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
4240 warnings in a separate window.
4243 ** Progress reporters.
4245 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
4246 progress messages for the user.
4248 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
4249 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
4250 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
4252 ** Buffer positions:
4255 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
4256 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
4257 the usable window height and width is used.
4260 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
4261 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
4262 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
4263 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
4264 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
4267 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
4272 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
4277 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
4279 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
4283 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
4285 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
4288 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
4290 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
4291 give up and return LIMIT.
4294 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
4295 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
4299 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
4300 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
4301 window's display is up-to-date.
4304 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
4305 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
4306 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
4308 ** Text modification:
4311 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
4312 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
4313 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
4314 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
4318 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
4319 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
4320 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
4323 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
4324 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
4325 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
4328 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
4329 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
4333 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
4334 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
4335 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
4336 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
4337 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
4339 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
4340 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
4341 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
4345 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
4349 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4350 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4351 be inserted is translated through it.
4356 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4357 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4361 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4366 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4367 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4368 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4371 ** Atomic change groups.
4373 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4374 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4375 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4377 (atomic-change-group
4379 (delete-region x y))
4381 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4382 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4383 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4384 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4386 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4387 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4389 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4390 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4391 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4392 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4394 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4395 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4398 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4399 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4400 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4401 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4403 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4404 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4405 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4406 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4407 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4408 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4411 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4412 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4413 returned values, like this:
4415 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4416 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4418 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4419 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4420 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4422 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4423 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4424 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4425 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4428 ** Buffer-related changes:
4431 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4433 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4436 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4439 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4440 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4441 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4442 value of VARIABLE instead.
4444 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4445 various status records in parallel.
4447 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4448 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4449 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4450 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4451 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4452 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4455 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4456 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4457 vector into the variable and returns t.
4459 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4460 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4464 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4465 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4466 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4467 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4469 ** Searching and matching changes:
4472 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4473 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4474 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4477 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4478 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4479 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4480 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4482 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4483 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4486 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4488 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4489 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4490 specified by the syntax table.
4493 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
4496 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4497 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4498 characters and ranges.
4501 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4502 properties from surrounding text.
4505 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4506 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4507 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4510 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4511 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4512 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4515 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4516 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4517 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4519 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4520 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4521 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4522 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4523 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4528 *** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
4530 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4531 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4532 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4534 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4535 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4536 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4539 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4540 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4541 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4544 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4545 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4547 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4548 elements with the following format:
4549 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4551 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4552 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4553 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4554 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4556 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4557 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4558 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4559 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4560 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4562 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4563 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4564 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4565 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4566 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4567 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4568 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4569 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4571 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4572 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4575 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4576 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4577 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4578 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4579 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4581 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4582 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4583 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4584 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4586 ** Syntax table changes:
4589 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4592 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4593 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4594 of text properties as well as the character code.
4597 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4601 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4602 current syntactic context at point.
4604 ** File operation changes:
4607 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4608 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4611 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4612 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4616 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4617 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4618 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4619 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4622 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4623 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4626 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4627 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4628 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4631 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4632 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4635 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4636 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4637 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4638 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4641 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4642 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4643 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4644 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4647 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4648 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4652 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4653 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4654 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4655 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4656 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4657 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4658 further filter candidate files.
4660 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4661 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4662 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4665 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4667 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4668 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4669 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4670 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4671 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4674 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4676 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4677 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4678 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4681 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4682 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4685 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4686 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4689 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4690 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4695 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4696 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4697 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4698 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4701 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4702 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4703 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4706 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4707 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4708 it returns just the directory name.
4711 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4712 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4713 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4716 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4717 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4718 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4719 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4720 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4722 ** Minibuffer changes:
4725 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4726 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4727 defaults to the current buffer.
4730 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4731 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4734 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4735 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4736 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4737 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4738 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4741 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4742 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4745 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4746 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4747 `read-file-name' function.
4750 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4752 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4753 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4756 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4757 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4758 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4759 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4761 ** Completion changes:
4764 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4765 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4769 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4770 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4771 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4772 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4773 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4776 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4777 as a dynamic completion table.
4779 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4781 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4782 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4783 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4784 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4785 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4786 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4789 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4790 as a lazy completion table.
4792 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4794 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4795 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4796 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4797 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4798 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4799 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4802 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4804 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4806 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4807 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4808 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4809 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4810 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4813 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4815 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4816 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4819 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4821 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4823 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4825 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4826 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4827 binding and lookup functionality.
4829 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4830 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4834 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4835 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4836 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4837 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4840 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4841 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4842 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4844 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4845 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4847 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4848 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4850 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4851 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4852 runs `my-kill-line'.
4854 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4856 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4857 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4858 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4859 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4861 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4862 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4864 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4865 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4867 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4868 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4869 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4870 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4871 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4872 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4874 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4875 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4876 command was not remapped.
4878 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4879 over minor mode keymaps.
4881 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4882 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4883 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4885 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4886 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4887 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4888 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4889 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4891 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4893 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4894 bindings of the parent keymap.
4896 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4898 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4901 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4902 defined keys and their definitions.
4904 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4906 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4909 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4911 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4912 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4913 keymap alist to this list.
4915 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4916 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4921 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4923 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4926 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4928 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4929 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4930 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4934 ** Enhancements to process support
4936 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4937 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4939 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4941 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4942 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4945 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4946 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4948 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4949 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4951 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4952 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4953 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4954 entire property list of a process.
4956 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4957 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4958 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4959 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4960 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4963 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4965 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4966 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4967 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4968 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4969 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4970 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4971 Emacs tries to read it.
4973 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4975 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4977 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4978 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4979 `default-directory'.
4981 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4982 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4984 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4985 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4986 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4988 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4989 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4991 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4992 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4994 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4995 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4996 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4997 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4998 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
5001 ** Enhanced networking support.
5003 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
5004 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
5005 create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
5007 - A server is started using :server t arg.
5008 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
5009 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
5010 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
5011 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
5012 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
5013 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
5014 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
5015 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
5016 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
5018 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
5019 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
5020 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
5022 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
5024 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
5026 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
5027 and set the current address of the remote partner.
5029 *** New function `format-network-address'.
5031 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
5032 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
5033 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
5034 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
5035 string for other formatting options.
5037 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
5039 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
5040 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
5041 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
5043 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
5044 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
5046 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
5048 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
5049 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
5050 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
5053 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
5055 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
5056 current network addresses.
5058 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
5060 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
5061 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
5063 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
5065 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
5066 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
5067 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
5068 "connection broken by remote peer".
5070 ** Using window objects:
5073 *** New function `window-body-height'.
5075 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
5079 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
5081 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
5082 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
5083 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
5084 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
5085 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
5088 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
5089 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
5090 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
5094 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
5095 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
5098 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
5099 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
5100 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
5103 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
5105 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
5108 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
5109 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
5110 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
5114 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
5116 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
5117 and scroll-bar settings.
5120 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
5123 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
5124 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
5128 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
5129 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
5132 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
5134 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
5135 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
5136 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
5137 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
5138 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
5139 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
5141 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
5142 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
5144 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
5145 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
5147 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
5148 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
5149 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
5150 foreground color of the bitmap.
5152 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
5153 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
5154 bitmap of the display line.
5156 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
5157 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
5158 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
5159 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
5160 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
5162 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
5163 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
5165 ** Other window fringe features:
5168 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
5170 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
5171 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
5172 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
5173 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
5175 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
5176 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
5177 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
5178 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
5179 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
5180 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
5182 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
5183 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
5184 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
5185 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
5188 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
5190 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
5193 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
5194 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
5195 `set-window-fringes'.
5197 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
5198 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
5199 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
5200 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
5202 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
5203 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
5204 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
5205 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
5206 an update of the display margins.
5208 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
5209 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
5211 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
5212 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
5213 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
5214 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
5215 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
5216 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
5217 of the display margins.
5219 ** Redisplay features:
5222 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
5225 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
5228 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
5229 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
5230 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
5233 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
5234 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
5235 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
5236 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
5237 forcing an explicit window update.
5240 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
5241 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
5242 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
5244 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
5245 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
5248 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
5249 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
5251 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
5252 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
5254 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
5255 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
5256 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
5257 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
5258 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
5259 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
5262 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
5264 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
5265 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
5267 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
5268 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
5269 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
5270 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
5271 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
5273 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
5274 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
5275 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
5277 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
5278 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
5281 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
5282 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
5283 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
5285 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
5286 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
5288 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
5289 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
5290 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
5291 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
5292 exactly that many pixels high.
5294 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
5295 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
5296 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
5297 the `line-spacing' variable.
5299 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
5300 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
5303 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
5304 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
5307 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
5309 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
5310 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
5311 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
5313 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
5314 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
5317 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
5318 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
5319 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
5320 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
5322 POS ::= left | center | right
5323 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
5326 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
5327 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
5328 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
5329 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
5330 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
5331 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
5332 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
5335 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
5336 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
5337 corresponding area of the window.
5339 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
5340 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
5341 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
5342 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
5343 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
5344 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
5345 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
5346 the width of the area.
5348 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
5349 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
5351 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
5352 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
5353 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
5355 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
5356 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
5357 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
5358 height) of the specified image.
5360 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
5361 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
5364 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
5365 text property string that may be present at the current window
5366 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
5367 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5370 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5371 supported on text terminals.
5374 *** Support for displaying image slices
5376 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5377 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5379 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5380 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5382 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5383 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5386 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5388 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5389 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5390 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5391 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5392 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5393 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5394 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5395 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5397 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5398 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5399 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5400 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5401 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5402 for possible pointer shapes.
5404 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5405 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5406 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5409 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5410 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5411 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5412 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5413 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5414 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5415 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5417 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5419 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5420 moved to etc/images.
5423 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5424 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5425 external packages to save users from having to update
5429 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5430 images that Emacs will load and display.
5433 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
5434 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
5435 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
5437 ** Mouse pointer features:
5441 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5442 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5443 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5444 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5445 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5448 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5449 :pointer image property.
5452 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5453 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5455 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5458 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5459 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5462 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5463 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5464 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5467 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5470 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5473 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5477 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5481 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5482 of the mouse event position.
5485 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5488 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5489 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5492 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5493 (image or character) clicked on.
5496 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5498 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5499 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5500 the total width and height of that object.
5502 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5505 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5506 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5509 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5511 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5512 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5513 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5514 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5517 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5518 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5519 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5520 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5521 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5524 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5526 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5527 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5532 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5533 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5534 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5535 the faces to include in the face menu.
5538 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5539 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5540 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5541 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5542 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5543 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5546 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5547 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5549 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5550 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5551 defined with `defface'.
5554 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5555 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5556 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5557 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5558 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5561 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5562 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5563 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5567 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5568 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5569 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5570 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5571 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5574 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5575 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5576 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5579 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5581 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5582 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5586 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5587 help with handling relative face attributes.
5590 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5592 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5593 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5594 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5595 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5599 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5600 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5601 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5602 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5603 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5606 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5607 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5609 ** Font-Lock changes:
5612 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5614 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5615 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5616 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5617 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5620 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5622 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5623 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5624 properties than `face'.
5626 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5627 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5630 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5632 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5633 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5634 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5635 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5636 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5644 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5645 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5646 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5647 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5649 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5650 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5651 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5652 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5654 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5657 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5658 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5659 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails.
5660 This means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file PROG.PY
5661 is opened in python-mode. Note however, that independent of this
5662 setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files.
5663 It also has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5666 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5667 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5670 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5671 file name when setting the major mode.
5674 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5675 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5678 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5681 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5682 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5683 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5686 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5687 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5691 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5692 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5696 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5697 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5700 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5701 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5702 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5704 ** Minor mode changes:
5707 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5708 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5711 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5714 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5716 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5717 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5719 ** Command loop changes:
5722 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5723 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5724 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5726 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5727 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5730 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5732 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5733 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5737 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5738 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5739 covered by an image or composition property.
5741 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5742 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5743 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5744 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5745 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5748 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5749 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5750 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5751 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5752 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5755 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5756 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5757 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5760 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5761 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5764 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5766 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5769 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5770 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5771 current file redefined it).
5774 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5775 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5778 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5779 variable or face definitions.
5782 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5783 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5784 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5787 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5788 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5789 than 3 levels of nesting.
5792 ** Byte compiler changes:
5794 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5795 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5796 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5797 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5798 compilation output buffer.
5800 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5801 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5803 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5804 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5805 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5806 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5809 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5810 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5812 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5813 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5814 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5815 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5816 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5817 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5819 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5820 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5821 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5822 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5823 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5826 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5829 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5830 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5831 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5833 ** Frame operations:
5836 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5838 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5839 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5842 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5843 for all (existing and future) frames.
5846 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5847 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5848 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5849 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5852 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5853 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5858 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5860 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5861 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5862 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5865 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5867 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5868 the time it takes to convert the format.
5870 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5874 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5875 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5878 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5879 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5880 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5881 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5884 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5885 of one coding system from another coding system.
5888 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5889 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5893 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5894 it is read from a file without decoding.
5897 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5898 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5901 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5902 current input method to input a character.
5904 ** Mode line changes:
5907 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5909 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5910 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5913 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5914 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5917 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5918 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5922 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5924 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5927 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5928 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5929 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5930 several versions ago.
5933 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5934 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5935 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5937 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5938 made with easy-menu.
5941 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5942 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5943 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5944 need to have a name.
5946 ** Operating system access:
5949 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5950 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5953 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5954 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5955 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5958 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5961 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5962 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5963 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5966 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5967 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5972 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5974 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5975 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5976 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5977 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5978 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5979 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5980 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5982 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5985 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5987 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5990 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5996 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5997 as the heap size increases.
6000 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
6001 on garbage collection.
6004 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
6006 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
6008 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
6011 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
6012 buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
6013 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
6014 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
6015 such things as help and apropos buffers.
6018 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
6019 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
6020 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
6023 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
6024 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
6028 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
6029 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
6031 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
6032 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
6033 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
6036 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
6037 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
6040 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
6041 (function (lambda ()
6043 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
6044 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
6045 (function (lambda ()
6046 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
6049 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
6051 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
6054 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
6056 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
6057 code. It works with edebug.
6059 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
6060 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
6061 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
6062 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
6063 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
6065 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
6066 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
6067 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
6068 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
6069 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
6070 value, such as (setq x 14).
6072 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
6073 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
6074 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
6075 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
6076 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
6077 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
6081 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
6082 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
6084 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6085 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6086 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
6089 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
6090 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
6091 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
6092 GNU General Public License for more details.
6094 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
6095 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
6096 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
6097 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
6102 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
6105 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793