1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
2 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end for copying conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
11 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
12 in older Emacs versions.
14 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
15 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
19 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
20 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
21 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
23 Fixme: The notes about Emacs 23 are quite incomplete.
26 * Changes in Emacs 23.1
28 ** The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode.
29 (It has about four times the code space, which should be plenty).
31 The internal encoding used for buffers and strings is now
32 Unicode-based and called `utf-8-emacs'. utf-8-emacs is backwards
33 compatible with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. The `emacs-mule'
34 coding system can still read and write data in the old internal
37 There are still charsets which contain disjoint sets of characters
38 where this is necessary or useful, especially for various Far Eastern
39 sets which are problematic with Unicode.
41 Since the internal encoding is also used by default for byte-compiled
42 files -- i.e. the normal coding system for byte-compiled Lisp files is
43 now utf-8-Emacs -- Lisp containing non-ASCII characters which is
44 compiled by Emacs 23 can't be read by earlier versions of Emacs. Files
45 compiled by Emacs 20, 21, or 22 are loaded correctly as emacs-mule
46 (whether or not they contain multibyte characters), which makes loading
47 them somewhat slower than Emacs 23-compiled files. Thus it may be worth
48 recompiling existing .elc files which don't need to be shared with older
51 ** There are assorted new coding systems/aliases -- see
52 M-x list-coding-systems.
54 ** New charset implementation with many new charsets.
55 See M-x list-character-sets. New charsets can be defined conveniently
56 as tables of unicodes.
58 The dimension of a charset is now 0, 1, 2, or 3, and the size of each
59 dimension is no longer limited to 94 or 96.
61 Generic characters no longer exist.
63 A dynamic charset priority list is used to infer the charset of
64 unicodes for display &c.
66 ** The following facilities are obsolete:
68 Minor modes: unify-8859-on-encoding-mode, unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
71 * Lisp changes in Emacs 23.1
73 map-char-table's behaviour has changed.
75 New functions: characterp, max-char, map-charset-chars,
76 define-charset-alias, primary-charset, set-primary-charset,
77 unify-charset, clear-charset-maps, charset-priority-list,
78 set-charset-priority, define-coding-system,
79 define-coding-system-alias, coding-system-aliases, langinfo,
82 Changed functions: copy-sequence, decode-char, encode-char,
83 set-fontset-font, new-fontset, modify-syntax-entry, define-charset,
86 Obsoleted: char-bytes, chars-in-region, set-coding-priority,
90 * Incompatible Lisp changes
92 Deleted functions: make-coding-system, register-char-codings,
95 ** The character codes for characters from the
96 eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range
99 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
102 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
103 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
104 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
105 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
106 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
107 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
108 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
111 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
112 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
116 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
119 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
120 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
121 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
124 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
127 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
128 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
131 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
132 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
133 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
134 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
135 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
136 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
137 in each user's home directory.
140 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
141 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
145 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
147 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
148 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
149 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
150 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
153 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
156 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
157 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
158 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
159 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
162 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
163 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
164 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
165 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
166 doesn't automatically select the right one.
169 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
170 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
174 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
177 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
178 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
179 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
180 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
183 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
186 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
189 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
192 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
193 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
196 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
199 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
200 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
201 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
204 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
205 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
208 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
209 much pure storage it will approximately need.
211 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
212 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
216 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
217 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
218 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
221 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
224 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
225 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
228 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
231 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
232 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
233 the fancy startup screen.
236 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
237 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
241 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
242 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
245 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
246 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
247 can start with this line:
249 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
252 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
253 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
254 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
256 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
258 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
259 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
262 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
263 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
266 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
267 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
270 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
271 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
272 an interactively callable function.
275 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
276 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
277 affects the initial frame.
280 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
281 wrt its frame position: if you don't specify a position (in your
282 .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry command-line
283 option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows' window
287 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
288 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
289 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
290 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
291 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
294 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
295 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
296 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
297 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
298 `inhibit-splash-screen').
301 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
302 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
306 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
307 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
308 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
312 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
313 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
314 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
317 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
318 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
319 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
320 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
321 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
324 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
325 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
326 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
329 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
332 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
333 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
334 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
335 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
338 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
339 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
341 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
342 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
345 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
346 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
347 the operating system or your X server.
350 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
353 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
354 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
358 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
359 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
362 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
363 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
364 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
365 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
368 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
369 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
372 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
374 See below under "incremental search changes".
377 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
380 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
381 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
382 directory with Dired.
384 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
385 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
388 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
389 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
390 it remains unchanged.
393 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
394 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
395 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
396 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
397 "New keymaps for typing file names".
400 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
401 M-o M-o requests refontification.
404 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
406 See below for more details.
409 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
410 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
411 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
412 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
413 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
414 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
416 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
417 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
420 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
423 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
424 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
425 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
426 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
427 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
431 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
432 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
435 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
436 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
437 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
438 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
441 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
444 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
445 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
448 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
449 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
450 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
453 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
454 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
457 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
458 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
461 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
462 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
463 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
464 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
467 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
468 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
469 in Indented-Text mode.
472 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
474 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
475 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
476 in the value, use `$$'.
479 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
480 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
484 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
487 ** Mark command changes:
490 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
491 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
492 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
495 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
497 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
498 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
499 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
500 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
501 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
502 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
503 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
504 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
505 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
508 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
510 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
511 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
515 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
516 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
517 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
518 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
519 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
522 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
523 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
524 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
527 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
528 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
529 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
533 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
534 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
535 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
537 ** Help command changes:
540 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
542 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
544 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
546 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
548 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
551 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
552 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
554 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
555 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
557 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
558 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
559 run by the key sequence.
560 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
561 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
564 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
565 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
566 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
567 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
568 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
569 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
570 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
571 new-kill-line is on C-k
574 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
575 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
576 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
577 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
580 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
581 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
584 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
585 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
586 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
587 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
588 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
589 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
590 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
591 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
592 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
595 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
596 description various information about a character, including its
597 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
598 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
599 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
602 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
603 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
606 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
607 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
608 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
609 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
610 keyboard oriented alternative.
613 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
614 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
615 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
616 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
617 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
620 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
621 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
622 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
626 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
627 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
628 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
629 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
630 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
633 ** Incremental Search changes:
636 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
637 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
638 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
639 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
643 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
644 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
645 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
646 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
649 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
650 at the end of a line.
653 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
654 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
655 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
658 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
659 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
660 search string used as the string to replace.
663 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
664 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
665 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
667 ** Replace command changes:
670 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
671 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
672 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
675 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
676 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
677 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
678 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
679 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
680 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
681 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
682 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
683 can be edited for each replacement.
686 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
687 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
690 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
691 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
693 ** Local variables lists:
696 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
697 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
700 *** Text properties in local variables.
702 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
703 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
706 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
707 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
708 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
709 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
710 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
712 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
713 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
714 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
715 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
716 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
717 However, risky variables will not be added to
718 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
721 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
722 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
723 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
724 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
725 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
728 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
729 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
730 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
731 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
735 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
736 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
737 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
738 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
739 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
740 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
742 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
743 confirmation as before.
745 ** File operation changes:
748 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
749 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
750 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
751 is only rarely needed.
754 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
755 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
758 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
759 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
760 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
763 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
766 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
768 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
769 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
770 directory with Dired.
773 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
774 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
775 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
779 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
780 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
783 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
784 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
785 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
786 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
787 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
788 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
791 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
792 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
793 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
796 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
797 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
798 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
801 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
802 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
803 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
804 in data loss, use with care.
807 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
808 Emacs asks for confirmation.
811 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
813 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
814 when visiting the file.
816 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
817 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
818 when saving the file.
821 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
822 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
823 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
824 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
825 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
828 ** Minibuffer changes:
831 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
832 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
835 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
836 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
837 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
841 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
843 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
844 have in common and where they begin to differ.
846 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
847 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
848 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
849 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
850 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
851 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
852 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
853 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
855 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
856 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
857 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
858 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
862 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
863 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
864 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
865 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
866 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
867 candidate is a directory.
870 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
871 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
872 it remains unchanged.
875 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
876 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
877 elements are deleted from the history list.
879 ** Redisplay changes:
882 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
884 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
885 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
886 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
887 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
890 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
891 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
892 appears between the position information and the major mode.
895 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
898 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
899 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
900 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
903 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
904 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
905 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
906 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
908 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
909 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
910 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
911 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
912 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
913 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
915 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
916 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
919 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
920 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
923 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
926 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
927 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
928 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
931 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
932 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
933 the mode line of the currently selected window.
935 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
936 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
939 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
940 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
941 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
942 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
946 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
947 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
948 the window can be scrolled.
950 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
951 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
952 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
954 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
955 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
957 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
958 position of each bitmap individually.
960 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
961 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
962 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
963 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
966 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
967 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
968 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
969 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
970 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
972 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
973 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
976 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
977 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
978 outside those margins.
981 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
982 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
984 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
985 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
986 or when the frame is resized.
989 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
990 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
991 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
992 even cause Emacs to crash.
995 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
996 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
997 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
999 ** Cursor display changes:
1002 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1003 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1006 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1009 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1010 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1011 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1015 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1016 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1020 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1021 of the recognized cursor types.
1024 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1025 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1030 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
1031 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
1034 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
1035 parts of the mode line.
1038 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
1039 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
1040 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
1041 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
1042 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
1043 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
1046 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
1051 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1053 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1054 overlap. It depens on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1057 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1058 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1059 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1061 ** Font-Lock changes:
1064 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
1065 M-o M-o requests refontification.
1068 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
1069 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
1070 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
1072 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
1073 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
1077 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
1078 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
1079 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
1080 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
1081 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
1082 the open-paren is not in column 0.
1085 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
1088 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
1091 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
1092 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
1093 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
1094 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
1097 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
1098 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
1099 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
1100 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
1101 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
1104 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
1106 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
1107 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
1108 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
1109 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
1112 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
1114 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
1115 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
1116 refontification takes place.
1119 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
1121 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
1122 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
1123 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
1125 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
1127 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
1128 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
1130 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
1136 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1137 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1138 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1139 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1140 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1141 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1144 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1147 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1150 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1151 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1152 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1155 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
1156 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1159 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1160 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1163 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1164 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1165 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1168 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1169 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1170 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1173 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1174 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1177 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1178 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1184 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1185 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1186 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1187 can be selected only when it is active.
1190 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1191 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1192 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1193 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1194 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1198 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1200 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1201 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1202 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1203 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1204 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1205 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1207 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1208 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1209 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1210 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1211 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1212 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1213 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1214 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1215 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1217 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1218 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1219 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1222 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1223 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1225 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1226 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1229 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1230 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1231 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1232 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1233 also disable mouse highlighting.
1236 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1237 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1238 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1241 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1242 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1245 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1247 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1248 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1249 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1250 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1253 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1255 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1257 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1258 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1259 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1260 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1261 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1262 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1263 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1264 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1265 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1266 without any character translation:
1267 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1270 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1271 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1272 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1273 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1274 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1277 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1278 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1279 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1280 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1281 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1282 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1283 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1284 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1287 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1288 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1291 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1295 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1299 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1303 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1304 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1305 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1309 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1310 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1313 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1314 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1315 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1316 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1317 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1318 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1319 mule-unicode-... ones.
1321 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1322 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1323 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1326 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1327 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1328 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1329 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1330 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1333 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1334 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1335 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1336 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1339 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1340 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1341 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1342 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW. (Set up
1343 automatically according to the locale.)
1346 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1347 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1348 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1349 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1350 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1354 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1358 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1359 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1360 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1361 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1365 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1366 M-t (transpose-words)
1367 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1370 *** Indian support has been updated.
1371 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1372 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1373 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1377 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1380 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1381 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1382 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1383 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1384 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1385 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1386 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1387 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1388 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1389 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1390 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1391 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1394 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1395 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1396 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1399 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1400 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1401 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1402 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1403 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1406 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1407 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1410 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1411 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1412 fontset appropriately.
1414 ** Customize changes:
1417 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1418 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1419 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1420 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1423 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1424 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1425 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1429 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1430 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1431 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1432 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1433 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1434 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1435 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1438 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1439 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1440 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1441 under the "[State]" button.
1443 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1446 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1447 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1451 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1452 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1453 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1456 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1457 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1458 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1460 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1461 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1462 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1463 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1464 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1466 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1467 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1468 t, and the status is shown.
1470 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1471 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1476 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1477 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1478 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1481 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1482 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1485 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1486 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1489 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1490 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1493 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1494 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1495 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1496 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1497 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1498 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1501 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1502 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1505 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1507 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1508 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1509 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1513 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1514 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1515 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1516 directory listing into a buffer.
1521 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1522 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1523 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1524 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1525 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1527 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1528 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1530 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1531 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1532 lines, including any prompts.
1534 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1535 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1536 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1537 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1538 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1539 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1540 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1543 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1544 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1545 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1546 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1549 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1550 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1551 but declared obsolete.
1554 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in
1555 subshells running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment
1556 variable, which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs
1557 that need to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check
1558 INSIDE_EMACS instead of EMACS.
1560 ** M-x Compile changes:
1563 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1565 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1566 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1567 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1568 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1570 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1571 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1572 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1574 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1575 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1576 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1577 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1578 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1580 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1583 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1584 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1585 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1586 subprocesses inherit.
1589 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1590 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1593 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1594 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1595 in new face `next-error'.
1598 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1599 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1600 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1601 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1602 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1606 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1607 the compilation buffer.
1610 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1611 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1612 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1613 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1617 *** The EMACS environment variable now defaults to Emacs's absolute
1618 file name, instead of to "t".
1620 ** Occur mode changes:
1623 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1624 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1628 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1629 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1632 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1633 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1634 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1635 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1636 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1642 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1644 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1645 customization group.
1648 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1649 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1652 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1653 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1654 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1655 and the base directory for the search (rgrep only). Case sensitivitivy
1656 of the search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1658 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1659 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1661 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1663 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1664 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1665 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1668 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1670 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1671 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1674 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1675 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1678 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1679 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1680 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1681 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1682 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1683 source line is highlighted.
1686 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1687 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1688 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1689 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1690 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1691 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1695 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1696 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1697 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1698 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1699 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1700 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1702 ** X Windows Support:
1705 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1706 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1707 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1710 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1711 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1712 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1713 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1715 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1716 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1719 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1720 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1722 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1723 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1726 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1727 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1728 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1729 and use the more appropriately result.
1732 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1733 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1734 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1739 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1740 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1743 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1744 When emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1745 The following should work:
1746 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1747 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1748 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1750 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1753 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1754 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1755 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1756 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1757 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1758 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1759 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1760 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1761 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1764 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1765 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1766 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1767 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1768 all of these colors.
1771 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1772 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1773 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1774 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1778 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1780 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1782 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1784 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1786 To see what modules are available, type
1787 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1789 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts for
1790 server, port, and nick.
1793 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1795 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1796 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1797 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1798 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1799 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1802 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1803 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1806 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1808 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1809 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1810 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1814 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1815 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1818 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1819 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1820 program files that include other program files.
1822 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1823 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1827 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1829 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1830 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1831 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1832 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1833 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1837 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1838 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1841 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1843 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1844 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1845 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1846 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1849 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1850 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1853 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1855 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1856 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1857 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1858 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1859 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1860 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1862 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1863 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1864 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1865 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1867 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1868 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1869 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1870 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1871 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1872 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1873 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1875 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1876 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1877 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1879 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1880 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1882 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1883 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1884 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1885 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1887 The features of cua also works with the standard emacs bindings for
1888 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1889 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1890 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1892 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1893 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1894 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1895 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1898 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1900 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1901 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1902 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1905 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1906 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1908 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1909 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1910 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1913 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1914 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1917 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1918 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1919 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1920 emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1921 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1922 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1925 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1926 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1929 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1930 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1931 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1932 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1933 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1935 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1936 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1937 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1938 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1939 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1940 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1942 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1943 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1944 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1945 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1946 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1947 for emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1948 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1949 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1950 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1954 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1957 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1958 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1959 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1960 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1962 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1965 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1966 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1967 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1968 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1969 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1972 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1973 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1975 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1976 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1978 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1979 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1980 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1981 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1983 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1984 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1985 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1988 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1989 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1990 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1993 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1994 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1997 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1998 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1999 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
2000 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
2001 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
2002 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
2003 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
2004 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
2005 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
2008 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
2010 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
2011 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
2012 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
2013 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
2014 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
2015 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
2018 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
2019 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
2020 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
2021 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
2023 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
2026 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
2027 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
2028 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
2032 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
2033 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
2034 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
2035 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
2038 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
2039 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
2042 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
2043 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
2044 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
2045 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
2046 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
2047 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
2049 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
2050 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
2051 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
2054 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
2056 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
2057 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
2058 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
2059 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
2060 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
2061 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
2062 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
2063 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
2064 `rsync' to do the copying).
2066 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
2067 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
2069 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
2071 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
2073 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
2077 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
2080 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
2081 configuration files.
2084 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
2085 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
2086 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
2087 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
2088 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
2092 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
2095 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
2098 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
2099 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
2101 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
2102 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
2103 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
2104 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
2105 boundaries during scrolling.
2108 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
2109 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
2110 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
2112 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
2114 ** Changes in Shell Mode
2116 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2117 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2118 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2123 *** Bindings for Tumme added
2124 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
2125 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
2126 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
2127 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
2129 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2132 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2133 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2134 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2135 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2136 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2137 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2138 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2139 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2142 ** Changes in Allout
2144 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2145 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2146 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2147 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2148 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2150 *** Many or most commonly occuring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2151 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2152 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2153 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2155 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2156 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2157 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2159 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2161 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2162 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2163 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2164 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2166 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2167 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2168 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2169 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2170 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2172 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2173 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2174 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2175 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2176 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2177 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2178 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2179 allout-encryption customization group.
2181 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2182 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2183 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2184 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2185 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2187 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2188 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2191 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2192 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2194 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2195 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2196 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2197 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2198 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2199 to use than the old version.
2201 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2202 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2203 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2204 variable is changed, rather than before.
2206 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2207 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2208 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2210 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2211 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2212 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2213 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2215 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2217 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2218 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2219 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2220 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2221 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2222 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2223 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2224 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2225 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2226 the functionality in allout addons.
2227 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2228 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2229 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2230 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2231 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2232 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2233 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2234 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2235 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2236 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2237 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2238 - version number incremented to 2.2
2240 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
2241 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
2242 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
2243 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
2244 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
2247 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2249 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2250 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2252 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2253 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2254 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2256 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2257 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2258 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2259 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2260 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2263 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2265 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2267 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2268 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2271 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2272 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2276 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2277 of the file that precede the first header line.
2280 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2283 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2284 run most curses applications now.
2287 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2290 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2292 These are the new bindings:
2294 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2295 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2296 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2297 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2298 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2300 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2301 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2302 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2305 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2306 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2307 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2309 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2310 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2311 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2314 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2315 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2318 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2319 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2320 incompatible change.
2323 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2326 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2327 resync points in both windows.
2330 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2332 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2333 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2336 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2337 when Emacs visits them.
2339 ** Info mode changes:
2342 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2343 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2346 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2348 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2349 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2350 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2351 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2352 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2353 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2357 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2358 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2359 search without prompting for a new search string.
2362 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2363 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2364 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2367 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2370 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2371 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2374 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2375 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2379 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2380 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2381 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2384 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2385 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2388 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2389 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2392 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2394 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2395 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2398 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2400 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2401 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2402 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2405 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2408 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2410 ** Lisp mode changes:
2413 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2416 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2418 *** New features in evaluation commands
2421 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2422 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2425 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2426 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2427 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2428 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2429 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2434 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2435 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2436 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2438 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2439 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2441 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2442 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2444 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2445 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2447 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2448 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2449 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2450 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2451 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2453 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2455 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2457 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2461 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2462 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2463 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2464 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2465 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2468 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2469 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2470 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2474 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2475 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2476 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2478 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2479 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2480 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2482 *** Font lock support.
2483 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2484 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2485 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2486 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2487 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2488 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2490 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2491 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2492 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2493 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2494 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2495 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2496 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2497 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2498 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2500 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2501 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2502 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2503 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2506 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2507 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2508 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2509 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2510 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2511 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2513 **** Support for documentation comments.
2514 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2515 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2516 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2517 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2519 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2520 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2521 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2522 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2523 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2525 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2526 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2527 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2528 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2531 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2532 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2533 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2534 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2535 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2537 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2538 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2539 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2540 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2541 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2543 *** Support for the AWK language.
2544 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2545 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2546 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2549 **** Indentation Engine
2550 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2552 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2553 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2554 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2555 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2556 definition, or structured statement.
2558 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2559 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2560 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2563 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2564 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2565 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2566 the AWK language itself.
2568 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2569 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2570 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2571 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2572 extended definition.
2574 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2575 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2576 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2577 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2579 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2580 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2581 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2582 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2583 composition-close, and incomposition.
2585 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2586 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2587 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2588 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2589 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2591 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2593 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2594 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2595 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2596 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2598 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2599 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2601 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2603 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2604 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2605 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2606 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2608 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2612 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2614 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2617 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2618 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2619 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2620 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2623 *** API changes for derived modes.
2625 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2626 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2627 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2628 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2629 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2631 **** New language variable system.
2632 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2633 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2635 **** New initialization functions.
2636 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2637 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2638 `c-init-language-vars'.
2640 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2641 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2642 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2643 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2645 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2646 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2647 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2648 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2649 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2651 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2652 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2653 its substatement. E.g:
2659 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2661 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2662 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2663 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2664 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2665 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2668 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2670 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2671 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2672 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2673 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2674 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2675 empty lines within the macro better.
2677 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2678 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2679 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2681 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2682 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2683 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2684 backslashes can be moved.
2686 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2687 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2688 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2689 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2691 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2692 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2693 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2694 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2695 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2696 backslash) in the macro.
2698 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2699 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2700 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2701 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2702 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2703 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2705 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2706 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2708 *** New lineup functions
2710 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2711 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2714 result = prefix + "A message "
2715 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2717 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2718 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2720 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2721 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2722 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2724 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2725 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2727 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2728 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2730 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2731 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2732 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2733 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2734 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2735 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2737 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2738 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2739 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2740 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2743 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2744 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2745 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2746 happen when macros are involved.
2748 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2749 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2750 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2751 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2752 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2753 line is left untouched.
2755 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2756 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2757 syntactic indentation.
2759 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2760 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2763 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2766 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2767 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2768 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2769 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2771 ** Fortran mode changes:
2774 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2775 highlighting for the old default.
2778 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2779 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2780 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2783 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2784 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2785 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2786 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2789 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2790 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2794 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2795 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2798 ** Reftex mode changes
2801 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2803 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2804 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2805 support for multifile documents.
2807 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2808 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2809 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2810 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2811 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2812 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2813 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2816 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2817 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2819 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2822 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2826 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2828 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2829 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2830 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2832 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2833 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2834 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2835 citation selection buffer.
2837 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2838 cursor as a default search string.
2840 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2841 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2843 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2844 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2846 Support for jurabib has been added.
2849 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2851 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2852 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2855 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2857 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2858 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2859 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2860 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2861 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2862 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2865 *** Miscellaneous changes
2867 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2868 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2870 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2873 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2874 to support use of font-lock.
2876 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2879 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2883 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2884 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2885 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2886 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2887 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2888 from the file name or buffer contents.
2890 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2891 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2895 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2900 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2903 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2904 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2905 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2906 TeX commands to use at startup.
2909 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2910 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2913 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2917 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2918 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2920 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2921 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2924 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2926 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2927 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2928 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2929 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2930 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2931 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2933 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2934 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2936 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2937 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2939 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2940 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2942 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2943 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2945 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2946 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2947 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2949 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2950 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2952 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2953 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2955 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2956 in multiple BibTeX files.
2958 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2959 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2961 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2962 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2963 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2965 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2966 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2967 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2968 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2969 still available as aliases.
2971 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2972 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2976 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2977 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2983 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2984 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2987 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2988 and other common debugger commands.
2991 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2992 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2993 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2994 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2995 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2996 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2999 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
3002 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
3003 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
3007 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
3008 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
3012 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
3014 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
3015 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
3016 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
3017 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
3018 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
3020 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
3021 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
3022 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
3025 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
3028 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
3029 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
3030 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
3032 *** Added Customization Variables
3034 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
3036 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
3037 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
3038 java sources (previous method).
3040 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
3041 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
3044 *** Minor Improvements
3046 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
3047 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
3048 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
3049 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
3052 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
3054 ** Auto-Revert changes:
3057 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
3059 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
3060 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
3061 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
3062 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
3063 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
3064 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
3067 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
3068 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
3069 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
3073 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
3074 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
3075 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
3076 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
3077 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
3078 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
3079 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
3080 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
3081 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
3084 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
3085 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
3086 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
3087 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
3088 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
3093 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
3094 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
3097 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
3098 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
3099 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
3101 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
3102 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
3103 keep in the recent list.
3105 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
3106 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
3107 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
3108 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
3109 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
3111 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
3112 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
3113 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
3119 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
3122 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
3124 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
3127 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
3131 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
3132 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
3137 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
3138 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
3139 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
3141 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
3142 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
3145 *** New customizable variables:
3146 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
3148 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
3149 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
3150 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
3151 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
3152 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
3154 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
3155 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
3156 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
3157 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
3160 *** New command line option --no-desktop
3164 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
3165 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
3168 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3170 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3171 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3172 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3173 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3174 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3180 *** When comparing directories.
3181 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3182 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3183 from one directory to another.
3186 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3187 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3188 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3189 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3193 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3194 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3195 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3200 *** New regular expressions features
3202 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3204 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3205 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3206 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3207 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3208 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3209 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3210 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3211 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3212 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3213 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3215 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3217 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3218 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3221 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3223 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3224 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3225 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3227 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3229 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3230 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3232 *** New language parsing features
3234 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3236 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3238 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3240 **** New language HTML.
3242 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3243 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3245 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3247 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3248 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3250 **** New language Lua.
3252 All functions are tagged.
3254 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3256 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3257 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3260 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3262 **** New language PHP.
3264 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3265 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3267 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3269 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3272 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3274 *** Honor #line directives.
3276 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3277 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3278 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3279 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3280 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3282 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3284 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3285 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3286 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3291 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3296 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3297 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3299 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3300 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3301 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3304 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3306 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3309 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3310 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3312 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3313 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3314 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3317 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3320 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3322 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3323 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3324 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3326 P: annotates the previous revision
3327 N: annotates the next revision
3328 J: annotates the revision at line
3329 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3330 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3331 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3332 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3337 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3338 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3342 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3343 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3344 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3348 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3349 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3350 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3353 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3355 See the documentation of the user option
3356 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3361 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3363 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3364 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3365 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3368 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3370 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3371 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3372 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3373 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3374 used instead of the native one.
3379 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3381 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3385 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3387 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3392 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3393 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3395 ** Calendar changes:
3398 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3399 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3402 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3403 the calendar left or right.
3406 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3407 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3410 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3414 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3415 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3416 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3417 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3418 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3419 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3420 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3421 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3422 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3425 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3426 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3427 count backward from the end of the year.
3430 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3431 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3432 day of that ISO week.
3435 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3436 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3439 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3440 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3441 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3442 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3445 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3446 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3447 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3450 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3451 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3452 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3453 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3456 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3457 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3458 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3459 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3463 ** Speedbar changes:
3465 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3466 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3468 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3471 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3472 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3474 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3476 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3477 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3478 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3481 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3482 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3483 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3484 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3487 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3488 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3489 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3490 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3491 that number to `other-frame'.
3493 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3494 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3496 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3497 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3498 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3499 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3500 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3501 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3502 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3503 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3504 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3509 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3510 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3511 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3512 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3513 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3515 The following values are supported:
3517 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3531 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3534 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3535 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3536 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3538 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3540 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3541 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3542 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3543 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3545 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3546 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3548 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3550 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3551 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3553 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3555 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3556 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3557 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3558 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3561 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3562 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3563 credentials to authenticate the user.
3565 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3566 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3567 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3569 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3570 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3572 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3573 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3576 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3577 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3581 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3586 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3588 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3589 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3590 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3591 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3594 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3596 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3597 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3600 ** Changes in Skeleton
3602 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3604 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3605 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3606 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3607 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3608 with other details of skeleton construction.
3610 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3611 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3612 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3613 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3617 ** Hideshow mode changes
3619 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3620 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3621 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3622 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3624 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3625 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3626 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3629 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3630 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3631 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3634 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3637 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3638 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3639 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3640 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3643 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3645 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3646 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3647 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3650 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3651 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3652 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3653 using strokes as an input method.
3655 ** Emacs server changes:
3658 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3660 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3661 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3662 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3663 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3666 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3667 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3668 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3671 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3674 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3677 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3679 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3680 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3681 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3684 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3685 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3688 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3690 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3691 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3695 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3697 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3698 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3699 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3701 ** battery.el changes:
3704 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3707 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3710 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3712 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3713 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3714 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3715 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3718 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3721 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3724 ** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3727 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3731 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3733 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3734 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3735 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3736 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3737 anything for those nodes.
3739 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3742 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3743 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3746 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3747 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3752 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3753 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3754 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3755 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3756 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3759 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3762 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3764 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3765 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3766 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3767 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3768 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3769 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3770 where USERNAME is your user name.
3772 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3773 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3774 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3777 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3779 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3780 existing values. For example:
3782 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3784 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3785 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3788 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3790 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track
3791 the cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3794 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3796 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3799 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3801 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3802 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3803 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3804 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3805 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3806 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3809 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3811 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3812 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3813 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3814 sound support for those formats.
3817 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3819 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3822 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3824 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3825 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3826 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3829 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3831 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3832 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3833 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3834 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3835 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3836 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3837 you wish to use them in other faces.
3840 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3842 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3843 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3844 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3845 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3849 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3851 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3852 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3853 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3854 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3855 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3856 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3857 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3858 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3859 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3860 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3863 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3866 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3867 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3868 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3870 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3871 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3873 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3876 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3877 user just types RET.
3880 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3881 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3882 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3883 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3886 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3887 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3890 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3891 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3892 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3896 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3897 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3898 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3901 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3903 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3905 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3906 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3907 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3910 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3913 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3914 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3917 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3918 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3919 handle these events.
3922 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3923 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3926 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3928 ** General Lisp changes:
3930 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3931 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3932 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3935 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3938 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3939 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3942 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3945 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3947 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3948 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3949 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3952 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3953 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3956 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3958 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3961 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3963 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3964 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3968 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3970 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3973 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3974 the new element from the history list it updates.
3977 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3979 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3980 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3983 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3985 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3986 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3987 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3991 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3993 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3996 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3998 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
4002 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
4004 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
4008 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
4010 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
4011 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
4014 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
4016 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
4017 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
4018 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
4020 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
4021 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
4024 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
4026 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
4027 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
4028 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
4031 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
4033 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
4034 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
4035 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
4038 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
4040 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
4041 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
4042 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
4043 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
4046 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
4048 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
4049 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
4050 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
4052 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
4053 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
4056 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
4058 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
4061 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
4063 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
4064 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
4065 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
4068 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
4069 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
4070 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
4072 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
4074 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
4076 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
4079 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
4081 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
4082 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a t or nil.
4085 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
4087 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
4088 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
4090 ** Lisp code indentation features:
4093 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
4095 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
4096 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
4098 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
4100 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
4101 possible declaration specifiers are:
4104 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
4107 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
4108 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
4109 but this is cleaner.)
4112 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
4114 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
4117 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
4119 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
4120 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
4121 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
4125 ** Variable aliases:
4127 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
4129 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
4130 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
4131 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
4132 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
4134 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
4135 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
4137 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
4139 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
4140 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
4141 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
4143 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
4144 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
4147 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
4148 `make-obsolete-variable'.
4150 ** defcustom changes:
4153 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
4154 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
4155 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
4156 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
4159 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
4164 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
4166 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
4167 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
4168 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
4171 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
4174 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
4177 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
4178 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
4179 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
4180 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
4181 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
4184 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
4185 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
4188 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
4192 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
4193 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
4194 been declared obsolete.
4197 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
4198 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
4199 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
4200 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
4201 syntax). Also available for characters.
4204 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
4206 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
4207 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
4208 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
4209 warnings in a separate window.
4212 ** Progress reporters.
4214 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
4215 progress messages for the user.
4217 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
4218 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
4219 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
4221 ** Buffer positions:
4224 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
4225 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
4226 the usable window height and width is used.
4229 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
4230 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
4231 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
4232 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
4233 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
4236 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
4241 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
4246 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
4248 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
4252 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
4254 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
4257 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
4259 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
4260 give up and return LIMIT.
4263 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
4264 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
4268 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
4269 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
4270 window's display is up-to-date.
4273 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
4274 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
4275 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
4277 ** Text modification:
4280 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
4281 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
4282 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
4283 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
4287 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
4288 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
4289 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
4292 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
4293 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
4294 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
4297 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
4298 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
4302 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
4303 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
4304 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
4305 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
4306 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
4308 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
4309 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
4310 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
4314 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
4318 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4319 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4320 be inserted is translated through it.
4325 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4326 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4330 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4335 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4336 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4337 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4340 ** Atomic change groups.
4342 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4343 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4344 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4346 (atomic-change-group
4348 (delete-region x y))
4350 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4351 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4352 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4353 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4355 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4356 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4358 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4359 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4360 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4361 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4363 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4364 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4367 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4368 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4369 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4370 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4372 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4373 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4374 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4375 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4376 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4377 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4380 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4381 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4382 returned values, like this:
4384 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4385 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4387 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4388 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4389 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4391 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4392 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4393 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4394 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4397 ** Buffer-related changes:
4400 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4402 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4405 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4408 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4409 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4410 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4411 value of VARIABLE instead.
4413 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4414 various status records in parallel.
4416 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4417 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4418 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4419 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4420 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4421 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4424 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4425 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4426 vector into the variable and returns t.
4428 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4429 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4433 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4434 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4435 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4436 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4438 ** Searching and matching changes:
4441 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4442 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4443 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4446 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4447 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4448 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4449 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4451 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4452 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4455 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4457 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4458 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4459 specified by the syntax table.
4462 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-end' and `symbol-start' elements.
4465 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4466 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4467 characters and ranges.
4470 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4471 properties from surrounding text.
4474 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4475 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4476 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4479 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4480 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4481 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4484 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4485 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4486 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4488 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4489 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4490 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4491 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4492 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4497 *** `buffer-undo-list' can allows programmable elements.
4499 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4500 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4501 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4503 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4504 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4505 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4508 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4509 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4510 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4513 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4514 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4516 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4517 elements with the following format:
4518 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4520 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4521 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4522 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4523 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4525 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4526 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4527 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4528 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4529 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4531 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4532 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4533 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4534 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4535 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4536 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4537 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4538 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4540 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4541 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4544 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4545 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4546 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4547 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4548 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4550 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4551 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4552 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4553 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4555 ** Syntax table changes:
4558 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4561 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4562 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4563 of text properties as well as the character code.
4566 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4570 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4571 current syntactic context at point.
4573 ** File operation changes:
4576 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4577 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4580 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4581 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4585 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4586 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4587 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4588 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4591 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4592 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4595 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4596 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4597 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4600 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4601 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4604 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4605 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4606 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4607 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4610 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4611 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4612 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4613 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4616 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4617 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4621 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4622 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4623 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4624 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4625 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4626 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4627 further filter candidate files.
4629 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4630 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4631 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4634 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4636 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4637 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4638 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4639 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4640 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4643 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4645 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4646 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4647 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4650 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4651 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4654 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4655 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4658 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4659 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4664 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4665 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4666 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4667 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4670 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4671 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4672 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4675 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4676 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4677 it returns just the directory name.
4680 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4681 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4682 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4685 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4686 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4687 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4688 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4689 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4691 ** Minibuffer changes:
4694 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4695 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4696 defaults to the current buffer.
4699 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4700 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4703 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4704 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4705 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4706 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4707 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4710 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4711 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4714 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4715 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4716 `read-file-name' function.
4719 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4721 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4722 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4725 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4726 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4727 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4728 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4730 ** Completion changes:
4733 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4734 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4738 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4739 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4740 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4741 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4742 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4745 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4746 as a dynamic completion table.
4748 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4750 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4751 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4752 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4753 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4754 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4755 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4758 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4759 as a lazy completion table.
4761 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4763 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4764 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4765 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4766 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4767 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4768 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4771 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4773 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4775 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4776 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4777 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4778 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4779 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4782 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4784 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4785 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4788 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4790 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4792 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4794 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4795 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4796 binding and lookup functionality.
4798 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4799 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4803 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4804 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4805 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4806 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4809 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4810 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4811 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4813 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4814 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4816 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4817 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4819 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4820 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4821 runs `my-kill-line'.
4823 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4825 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4826 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4827 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4828 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4830 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4831 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4833 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4834 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4836 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4837 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4838 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4839 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4840 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4841 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4843 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4844 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4845 command was not remapped.
4847 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4848 over minor mode keymaps.
4850 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4851 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4852 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4854 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4855 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4856 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4857 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4858 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4860 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4862 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4863 bindings of the parent keymap.
4865 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4867 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4870 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4871 defined keys and their definitions.
4873 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4875 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4878 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4880 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4881 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4882 keymap alist to this list.
4884 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4885 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4890 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4892 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4895 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4897 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4898 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4899 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4903 ** Enhancements to process support
4905 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4906 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4908 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4910 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4911 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4914 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4915 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4917 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4918 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4920 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4921 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4922 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4923 entire property list of a process.
4925 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4926 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4927 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4928 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4929 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4932 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4934 On some systems, when emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4935 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4936 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4937 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4938 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4939 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4940 emacs tries to read it.
4942 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4944 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4946 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4947 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4948 `default-directory'.
4950 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4951 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4953 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4954 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4955 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4957 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4958 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4960 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4961 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4963 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4964 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4965 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4966 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4967 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4970 ** Enhanced networking support.
4972 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4973 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4974 create a stream or datagram server inside emacs.
4976 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4977 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4978 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4979 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4980 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4981 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4982 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4983 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4984 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4985 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4987 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4988 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4989 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4991 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4993 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4995 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4996 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4998 *** New function `format-network-address'.
5000 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
5001 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
5002 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
5003 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
5004 string for other formatting options.
5006 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
5008 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
5009 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
5010 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
5012 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
5013 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
5015 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
5017 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
5018 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
5019 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
5022 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
5024 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
5025 current network addresses.
5027 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
5029 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
5030 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
5032 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
5034 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
5035 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
5036 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
5037 "connection broken by remote peer".
5039 ** Using window objects:
5042 *** New function `window-body-height'.
5044 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
5048 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
5050 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
5051 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
5052 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
5053 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
5054 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
5057 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
5058 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
5059 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
5063 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
5064 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
5067 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
5068 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
5069 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
5072 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
5074 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
5077 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
5078 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
5079 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
5083 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
5085 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
5086 and scroll-bar settings.
5089 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
5092 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
5093 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
5097 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
5098 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
5101 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
5103 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
5104 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
5105 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
5106 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
5107 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
5108 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
5110 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
5111 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
5113 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
5114 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
5116 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
5117 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
5118 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
5119 foreground color of the bitmap.
5121 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
5122 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
5123 bitmap of the display line.
5125 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
5126 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
5127 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
5128 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
5129 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
5131 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
5132 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
5134 ** Other window fringe features:
5137 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
5139 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
5140 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
5141 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
5142 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
5144 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
5145 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
5146 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
5147 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
5148 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
5149 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
5151 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
5152 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
5153 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
5154 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
5157 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
5159 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
5162 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
5163 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
5164 `set-window-fringes'.
5166 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
5167 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
5168 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
5169 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
5171 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
5172 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
5173 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
5174 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
5175 an update of the display margins.
5177 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
5178 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
5180 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
5181 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
5182 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
5183 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
5184 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
5185 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
5186 of the display margins.
5188 ** Redisplay features:
5191 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
5194 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
5197 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
5198 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
5199 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
5202 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
5203 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
5204 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
5205 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
5206 forcing an explicit window update.
5209 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
5210 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
5211 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
5213 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
5214 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
5217 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
5218 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
5220 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
5221 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
5223 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
5224 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
5225 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
5226 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
5227 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
5228 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
5231 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
5233 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
5234 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
5236 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
5237 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
5238 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
5239 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
5240 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
5242 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
5243 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
5244 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
5246 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
5247 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
5250 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
5251 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
5252 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
5254 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
5255 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
5257 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
5258 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
5259 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
5260 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
5261 exactly that many pixels high.
5263 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
5264 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
5265 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
5266 the `line-spacing' variable.
5268 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
5269 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
5272 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
5273 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
5276 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
5278 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
5279 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
5280 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
5282 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
5283 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
5286 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
5287 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
5288 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
5289 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
5291 POS ::= left | center | right
5292 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
5295 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
5296 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
5297 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
5298 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
5299 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
5300 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
5301 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
5304 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
5305 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
5306 corresponding area of the window.
5308 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
5309 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
5310 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
5311 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
5312 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
5313 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
5314 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
5315 the width of the area.
5317 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
5318 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
5320 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
5321 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
5322 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
5324 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
5325 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
5326 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
5327 height) of the specified image.
5329 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
5330 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
5333 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
5334 text property string that may be present at the current window
5335 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
5336 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5339 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5340 supported on text terminals.
5343 *** Support for displaying image slices
5345 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5346 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5348 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5349 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5351 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5352 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5355 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5357 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5358 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5359 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5360 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5361 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5362 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5363 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5364 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5366 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5367 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5368 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5369 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5370 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5371 for possible pointer shapes.
5373 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5374 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5375 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5378 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5379 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5380 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5381 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5382 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5383 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5384 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5386 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5388 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5389 moved to etc/images.
5392 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5393 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5394 external packages to save users from having to update
5398 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5399 images that Emacs will load and display.
5402 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
5403 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
5404 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
5406 ** Mouse pointer features:
5410 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5411 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5412 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5413 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5414 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5417 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5418 :pointer image property.
5421 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5422 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5424 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5427 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5428 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5431 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5432 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5433 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5436 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5439 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5442 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5446 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5450 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5451 of the mouse event position.
5454 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5457 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5458 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5461 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5462 (image or character) clicked on.
5465 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5467 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5468 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5469 the total width and height of that object.
5471 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5474 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5475 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5478 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5480 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5481 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5482 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5483 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5486 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5487 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5488 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5489 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5490 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5493 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5495 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5496 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5501 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5502 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5503 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5504 the faces to include in the face menu.
5507 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5508 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5509 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5510 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5511 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5512 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5515 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5516 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5518 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5519 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5520 defined with `defface'.
5523 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5524 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5525 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5526 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5527 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5530 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5531 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5532 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5536 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5537 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5538 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5539 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5540 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5543 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5544 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5545 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5548 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5550 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5551 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5555 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5556 help with handling relative face attributes.
5559 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5561 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5562 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5563 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5564 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5568 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5569 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5570 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5571 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5572 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5575 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5576 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5578 ** Font-Lock changes:
5581 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5583 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5584 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5585 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5586 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5589 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5591 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5592 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5593 properties than `face'.
5595 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5596 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5599 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5601 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5602 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5603 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5604 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5605 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5613 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5614 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5615 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5616 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5618 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5619 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5620 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5621 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5623 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5626 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5627 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5628 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails.
5629 This means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file PROG.PY
5630 is opened in python-mode. Note however, that independent of this
5631 setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files.
5632 It also has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5635 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5636 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5639 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5640 file name when setting the major mode.
5643 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5644 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5647 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5650 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5651 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5652 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5655 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5656 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5660 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5661 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5665 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5666 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5669 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5670 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5671 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5673 ** Minor mode changes:
5676 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5677 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5680 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5683 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5685 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5686 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5688 ** Command loop changes:
5691 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5692 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5693 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5695 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5696 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5699 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5701 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5702 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5706 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5707 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5708 covered by an image or composition property.
5710 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5711 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5712 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5713 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5714 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5717 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5718 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5719 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5720 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5721 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5724 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5725 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5726 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5729 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5730 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5733 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5735 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5738 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5739 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5740 current file redefined it).
5743 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5744 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5747 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5748 variable or face definitions.
5751 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5752 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5753 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5756 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5757 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5758 than 3 levels of nesting.
5761 ** Byte compiler changes:
5763 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5764 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5765 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5766 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5767 compilation output buffer.
5769 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5770 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5772 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5773 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5774 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5775 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5778 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5779 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5781 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5782 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5783 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5784 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5785 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5786 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5788 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5789 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5790 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5791 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5792 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5795 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5798 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5799 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5800 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5802 ** Frame operations:
5805 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5807 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5808 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5811 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5812 for all (existing and future) frames.
5815 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5816 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5817 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5818 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5821 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5822 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5827 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5829 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5830 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5831 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5834 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5836 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5837 the time it takes to convert the format.
5839 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5843 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5844 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5847 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5848 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5849 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5850 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5853 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5854 of one coding system from another coding system.
5857 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5858 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5862 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5863 it is read from a file without decoding.
5866 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5867 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5870 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5871 current input method to input a character.
5873 ** Mode line changes:
5876 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5878 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5879 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5882 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5883 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5886 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5887 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5891 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5893 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5896 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5897 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5898 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5899 several versions ago.
5902 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5903 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5904 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5906 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5907 made with easy-menu.
5910 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5911 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5912 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5913 need to have a name.
5915 ** Operating system access:
5918 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5919 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5922 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5923 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5924 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5927 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5930 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5931 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5932 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5935 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5936 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5941 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5943 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5944 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5945 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5946 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5947 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5948 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5949 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5951 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5954 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5956 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5959 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5965 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5966 as the heap size increases.
5969 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5970 on garbage collection.
5973 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5975 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5977 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5980 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5981 buttons' in emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5982 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5983 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5984 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5987 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5988 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5989 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5992 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5993 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5997 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5998 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
6000 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
6001 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
6002 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
6005 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
6006 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
6009 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
6010 (function (lambda ()
6012 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
6013 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
6014 (function (lambda ()
6015 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
6018 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
6020 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
6023 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
6025 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
6026 code. It works with edebug.
6028 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
6029 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
6030 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
6031 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
6032 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
6034 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
6035 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
6036 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
6037 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
6038 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
6039 value, such as (setq x 14).
6041 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
6042 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
6043 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
6044 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
6045 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
6046 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
6050 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
6051 Copyright information:
6053 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
6054 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6056 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
6057 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
6058 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
6059 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
6061 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
6062 of this document, or of portions of it,
6063 under the above conditions, provided also that they
6064 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
6068 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
6071 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793