1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling 'view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
28 ** The new option 'configure --enable-gcc-warnings=warn-only' causes
29 GCC to issue warnings without stopping the build. This behavior is
30 now the default in developer builds. As before, use
31 '--disable-gcc-warnings' to suppress GCC's warnings, and
32 '--enable-gcc-warnings' to stop the build if GCC issues warnings.
35 ** The Emacs server now has socket-launching support. This allows
36 socket based activation, where an external process like systemd can
37 invoke the Emacs server process upon a socket connection event and
38 hand the socket over to Emacs. Emacs uses this socket to service
39 emacsclient commands. This new functionality can be disabled with the
40 configure option '--disable-libsystemd'.
42 ** New configure option '--disable-build-details' attempts to build an
43 Emacs that is more likely to be reproducible; that is, if you build
44 and install Emacs twice, the second Emacs is a copy of the first.
45 Deterministic builds omit the build date from the output of the
46 emacs-version and erc-cmd-SV functions, and the leave the following
47 variables nil: emacs-build-system, emacs-build-time,
50 ** Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs users are not
51 affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in December 2013.
54 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
57 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
60 ** The new user option 'mouse-select-region-move-to-beginning'
61 controls the position of point when double-clicking mouse-1 on the end
62 of a parenthetical grouping or string-delimiter: the default value nil
63 keeps point at the end of the region, setting it to non-nil moves
64 point to the beginning of the region.
67 ** 'find-library-name' will now fall back on looking at 'load-history'
68 to try to locate libraries that have been loaded with an explicit path
72 ** Faces in 'minibuffer-prompt-properties' no longer overwrite properties
73 in the text in functions like 'read-from-minibuffer', but instead are
74 added to the end of the face list. This allows users to say things
75 like '(read-from-minibuffer (propertize "Enter something: " 'face 'bold))'.
78 ** The new variable 'extended-command-suggest-shorter' has been added
79 to control whether to suggest shorter 'M-x' commands or not.
82 ** icomplete now respects 'completion-ignored-extensions'.
85 ** Non-breaking hyphens are now displayed with the 'nobreak-hyphen'
86 face instead of the 'escape-glyph' face.
89 ** 'C-x h' ('mark-whole-buffer') will now avoid marking the prompt
93 ** 'find-library' now takes a prefix argument to pop to a different
96 ** 'find-library', 'help-function-def' and 'help-variable-def' now run
97 'find-function-after-hook'.
100 ** 'process-attributes' on Darwin systems now returns more information.
103 ** Several accessors for the value returned by 'file-attributes'
104 have been added. They are: 'file-attribute-type',
105 'file-attribute-link-number', 'file-attribute-user-id',
106 'file-attribute-group-id', 'file-attribute-access-time',
107 'file-attribute-modification-time',
108 'file-attribute-status-change-time', 'file-attribute-size',
109 'file-attribute-modes', 'file-attribute-inode-number', and
110 'file-attribute-device-number'.
113 ** The new function 'buffer-hash' computes a fast, non-consing hash of
117 ** 'fill-paragraph' no longer marks the buffer as changed unless it
118 actually changed something.
121 ** The locale language name 'ca' is now mapped to the language
122 environment 'Catalan', which has been added.
125 ** 'align-regexp' has a separate history for its interactive argument.
126 'align-regexp' no longer shares its history with all other
127 history-less functions that use 'read-string'.
130 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
131 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
132 'make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
133 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
134 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
135 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
136 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
137 the manual for details).
139 Certain process oriented functions (like 'process-datagram-address')
140 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
141 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
142 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
143 from a process sentinel.
145 ** 'make-network-process' and 'open-network-stream' sometimes allowed
146 :service to be an integer string (e.g., :service "993") and sometimes
147 required an integer (e.g., :service 993). This difference has been
148 eliminated, and integer strings work everywhere.
150 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals.
152 Two new variables support disabling attempts to recover from stack
153 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
154 fatal signal. 'attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to 'nil',
155 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
156 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
157 'attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to 'nil', will
158 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
159 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
160 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-'nil' by default.
161 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
162 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
166 ** File local and directory local variables are now initialized each
167 time the major mode is set, not just when the file is first visited.
168 These local variables will thus not vanish on setting a major mode.
171 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
172 See the variable 'dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
175 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
176 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites with non-ASCII URLs.
179 ** The new 'timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer,
180 where you can cancel them with the 'c' command.
183 ** The new function 'read-multiple-choice' prompts for multiple-choice
184 questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
187 ** 'switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point' now defaults to t.
190 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
193 ** New bindings for 'query-replace-map'.
194 'undo', undo the last replacement; bound to 'u'.
195 'undo-all', undo all replacements; bound to 'U'.
197 ** 'delete-trailing-whitespace' deletes whitespace after form feed.
198 In modes where form feed was treated as a whitespace character,
199 'delete-trailing-whitespace' would keep lines containing it unchanged.
200 It now deletes whitespace after the last form feed thus behaving the
201 same as in modes where the character is not whitespace.
204 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
209 *** A new command 'ibuffer-copy-buffername-as-kill'; bound
213 *** New command 'ibuffer-change-marks'; bound to '* c'.
216 *** A new command 'ibuffer-mark-by-locked' to mark
217 all locked buffers; bound to '% L'.
220 *** A new option 'ibuffer-locked-char' to indicate
221 locked buffers; Ibuffer shows a new column displaying
222 'ibuffer-locked-char' for locked buffers.
225 *** A new command 'ibuffer-unmark-all-marks' to unmark
226 all buffers without asking confirmation; bound to
227 'U'; 'ibuffer-do-replace-regexp' bound to 'r'.
230 *** A new command `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp' to mark buffers
231 whose content matches a regexp; bound to '% g'.
234 *** Two new options `ibuffer-never-search-content-name' and
235 `ibuffer-never-search-content-mode' used by
236 `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp'.
241 *** Messages from CMake are now recognized.
246 *** A New option 'dired-always-read-filesystem' default to nil.
247 If non-nil, buffers visiting files are reverted before search them;
248 for instance, in 'dired-mark-files-containing-regexp' a non-nil value
249 of this option means the file is revisited in a temporary buffer;
250 this temporary buffer is the actual buffer searched: the original buffer
251 visiting the file is not modified.
254 *** In wdired, when editing files to contain slash characters,
255 the resulting directories are automatically created. Whether to do
256 this is controlled by the 'wdired-create-parent-directories' variable.
259 *** 'W' is now bound to 'browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
260 viewing HTML files and the like.
264 *** Ediff can be prevented from pausing 1 second after reaching a
265 breakpoint (e.g. with "f" and "o") by customizing the new option
266 'edebug-sit-on-break'.
271 *** 'eldoc-documentation-functions' replaces 'eldoc-documentation-function'.
276 *** A new 's' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
279 *** The 'o' command ('shr-save-contents') has moved to 'O' to avoid collision
280 with the 'o' command from 'image-map'.
283 *** A new command 'C' ('eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
284 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
285 customize the 'shr-use-colors' variable.
288 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with gray
289 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
290 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
291 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
292 bigger than the current window).
297 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
298 'image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
302 *** Images inserted with 'insert-image' and related functions get a
303 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
304 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
305 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file. These commands are
306 also available in 'image-mode'.
309 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
310 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
314 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
315 provided: 'image-property'.
318 ** The default 'Info-default-directory-list' no longer checks some obsolete
319 directory suffixes (gnu, gnu/lib, gnu/lib/emacs, emacs, lib, lib/emacs)
320 when searching for info directories.
323 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
324 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
325 'change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
328 ** Support for non-string values of 'time-stamp-format' has been removed.
333 *** 'message-use-idna' now defaults to t (because Emacs comes with
334 built-in IDNA support now).
337 *** When sending HTML messages with embedded images, and you have
338 exiftool installed, and you rotate images with EXIF data (i.e.,
339 JPEGs), the rotational information will be inserted into the outgoing
340 image in the message. (The original image will not have its
341 orientation affected.)
344 *** The 'message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
345 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
346 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
349 *** 'message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
350 In 'visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
351 while in non-'visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
357 *** New connection method "sg", which supports editing files under a
361 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
364 *** New connection method "gdrive", which allows to access Google
365 Drive onsite repositories.
368 ** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set back to t in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
373 *** Support for completing attribute values, at-rules, bang-rules, and
374 HTML tags using the 'completion-at-point' command.
377 ** Emacs now supports character name escape sequences in character and
378 string literals. The syntax variants \N{character name} and
379 \N{U+code} are supported.
382 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
383 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
384 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
385 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
387 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
388 the 'prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
389 provide indentation should use 'prog-widen' instead of 'widen' and
390 'prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
391 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
395 *** New variable 'erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
401 *** The new function 'url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
402 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
406 *** 'url-retrieve-synchronously' now takes an optional timeout parameter.
409 *** The URL package now support HTTPS over proxies supporting CONNECT.
412 *** 'url-user-agent' now defaults to 'default', and the User-Agent
413 string is computed dynamically based on 'url-privacy-level'.
415 ** VC and related modes
418 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now defaults to more
419 colorful faces to make it more obvious to the user what the state is.
420 See the 'vc-faces' customization group.
424 *** Opening a .h file will turn C or C++ mode depending on language used.
425 This is done with the help of 'c-or-c++-mode' function which analyses
426 contents of the buffer to determine whether it's a C or C++ source
430 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
432 ** New Elisp data-structure library `radix-tree'.
435 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
438 ** Resizing a frame no longer runs 'window-configuration-change-hook'.
439 Put your function on 'window-size-change-functions' instead.
441 ** 'C-up', 'C-down', 'C-left' and 'C-right' are now defined in term
442 mode to send the same escape sequences that xterm does. This makes
443 things like forward-word in readline work.
446 ** hideshow mode got four key bindings that are analogous to outline
447 mode bindings: 'C-c @ C-a', 'C-c @ C-t', 'C-c @ C-d', and 'C-c @ C-e.'
449 ** The grep/rgrep/lgrep functions will now ask about saving files
450 before running. This is controlled by the 'grep-save-buffers'
454 ** The variable 'text-quoting-style' no longer affects the treatment
455 of curved quotes in format arguments to functions like 'message' and
456 'format-message'. In particular, when this variable's value is
457 'grave', all quotes in formats are output as-is.
459 ** Functions like 'check-declare-file' and 'check-declare-directory'
460 now generate less chatter and more-compact diagnostics. The auxiliary
461 function 'check-declare-errmsg' has been removed.
464 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
466 ** New var `definition-prefixes' is a hashtable mapping prefixes to the
467 files where corresponding definitions can be found. This can be used
468 to fetch definitions that are not yet loaded, for example for `C-h f'.
470 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss.
473 ** 'define-derived-mode' can now specify an :after-hook form, which
474 gets evaluated after the new mode's hook has run. This can be used to
475 incorporate configuration changes made in the mode hook into the
478 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
479 by setting 'autoload-timestamps' to nil.
480 FIXME As an experiment, nil is the current default.
481 If no insurmountable problems before next release, it can stay that way.
484 ** 'gnutls-boot' now takes a parameter :complete-negotiation that says
485 that negotiation should complete even on non-blocking sockets.
488 ** New functions 'window-pixel-width-before-size-change' and
489 'window-pixel-height-before-size-change' support detecting which
490 window changed size when 'window-size-change-functions' are run.
493 ** New function 'display-buffer-reuse-mode-window' is an action function
494 suitable for use in 'display-buffer-alist'. For example, to avoid creating
495 a new window when opening man pages when there's already one, use
496 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
497 '("\\`\\*Man .*\\*\\'" .
498 (display-buffer-reuse-mode-window
499 (inhibit-same-window . nil)
503 ** There is now a new variable 'flyspell-sort-corrections-function'
504 that allows changing the way corrections are sorted.
507 ** The new command 'fortune-message' has been added, which displays
508 fortunes in the echo area.
511 ** New function 'func-arity' returns information about the argument list
512 of an arbitrary function. This generalizes 'subr-arity' for functions
513 that are not built-in primitives. We recommend using this new
514 function instead of 'subr-arity'.
517 ** 'parse-partial-sexp' state has a new element. Element 10 is
518 non-nil when the last character scanned might be the first character
519 of a two character construct, i.e., a comment delimiter or escaped
520 character. Its value is the syntax of that last character.
523 ** 'parse-partial-sexp''s state, element 9, has now been confirmed as
524 permanent and documented, and may be used by Lisp programs. Its value
525 is a list of currently open parenthesis positions, starting with the
526 outermost parenthesis.
529 ** 'read-color' will now display the color names using the color itself
530 as the background color.
532 ** The function 'redirect-debugging-output' now works on platforms
533 other than GNU/Linux.
536 ** The new function 'string-version-lessp' compares strings by
537 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
538 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
539 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
542 ** The new function 'char-from-name' converts a Unicode name string
543 to the corresponding character code.
546 ** New functions 'sxhash-eq' and 'sxhash-eql' return hash codes of a
547 Lisp object suitable for use with 'eq' and 'eql' correspondingly. If
548 two objects are 'eq' ('eql'), then the result of 'sxhash-eq'
549 ('sxhash-eql') on them will be the same.
552 ** Function 'sxhash' has been renamed to 'sxhash-equal' for
553 consistency with the new functions. For compatibility, 'sxhash'
554 remains as an alias to 'sxhash-equal'.
557 ** Time conversion functions that accept a time zone rule argument now
558 allow it to be OFFSET or a list (OFFSET ABBR), where the integer
559 OFFSET is a count of seconds east of Universal Time, and the string
560 ABBR is a time zone abbreviation. The affected functions are
561 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone', 'decode-time',
562 'format-time-string', and 'set-time-zone-rule'.
565 *** New basic face 'fixed-pitch-serif', for a fixed-width font with serifs.
566 The Info-quoted and tex-verbatim faces now default to inheriting from it.
568 ** New built-in function `mapcan' which avoids unnecessary consing (and garbage
572 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
574 ** Intercepting hotkeys on Windows 7 and later now works better.
575 The new keyboard hooking code properly grabs system hotkeys such as
576 Win-* and Alt-TAB, in a way that Emacs can get at them before the
577 system. This makes the 'w32-register-hot-key' functionality work
578 again on all versions of MS-Windows starting with Windows 7. On
579 Windows NT and later you can now register any hotkey combination. (On
580 Windows 9X, the previous limitations, spelled out in the Emacs manual,
583 ** 'convert-standard-filename' no longer mirrors slashes on MS-Windows.
584 Previously, on MS-Windows this function converted slash characters in
585 file names into backslashes. It no longer does that.
588 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
591 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
594 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
597 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
598 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
599 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
600 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
601 change in future releases.
604 ** New configure option --with-modules.
605 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
608 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
609 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
610 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
611 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
612 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
613 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
616 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
617 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
618 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
619 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
620 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
623 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
624 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
627 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
628 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
631 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
632 and Mac OS X machines.
635 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
636 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
639 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
640 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
641 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
642 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
643 process MMDF-format files as before.
646 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
647 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
648 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
649 build with 'make V=1'.
652 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
653 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
654 This will cause the game score files in "${localstatedir}/games/emacs"
655 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
656 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
659 ** The 'grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
660 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
661 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
664 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
665 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
666 The old Emacs logo icons are available as 'emacs23.png' in the same location.
669 ** New make target 'check-expensive' to run additional tests.
670 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
671 tests which take more time to perform.
674 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
677 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
678 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
679 'initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
680 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show 'initial-buffer-choice'
681 and '*Buffer List*'. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
682 command line when 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
685 ** The value of 'initial-scratch-message' is now treated as a doc string
686 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
689 ** The default height of GUI frames was enlarged.
690 This is so there's enough space in the initial window to display the
691 optional text about recovering crashes sessions, without losing the
692 splash image display.
695 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
698 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
699 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
700 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with 'M-x
701 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
702 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, 'xwidget-webkit-mode'
703 (similar to 'image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
706 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode 'xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
707 'xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', 'xwidget-webkit-back',
708 'xwidget-webkit-browse-url', 'xwidget-webkit-reload',
709 'xwidget-webkit-current-url', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
710 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
711 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
714 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
715 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
716 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
717 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions 'load', 'require',
718 'load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
719 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable 'module-file-suffix' holds the
720 system-dependent value of the file-name extension ('.so' on Posix
721 hosts) of the module files.
723 A module should export a C-callable function named
724 'emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
725 'load' or 'require' which loads the module. It should also export a
726 symbol named 'plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
727 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
728 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
730 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
731 API defined and documented in the header file 'emacs-module.h'. Note
732 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
733 Emacs functions such as 'fset' and 'funcall', in order to register its
734 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
736 Modules can create 'user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
737 structs defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
738 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
739 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
740 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
741 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
742 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
743 predicate 'user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a 'user-ptr'
746 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
747 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
748 by default, and must be enabled by using the '--with-modules' option
752 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
753 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
754 the 'network-security-level' variable.
757 ** 'C-h l' now also lists the commands that were run.
760 ** 'x-select-enable-clipboard' is renamed 'select-enable-clipboard'
761 and 'x-select-enable-primary' is renamed 'select-enable-primary'.
762 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
763 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
764 'select-enable-primary' is ineffective since the system doesn't
765 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
768 ** New option 'switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
769 customize how 'switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
770 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
773 ** The option 'even-window-heights' has been renamed to
774 'even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
777 ** 'terpri' gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
780 ** 'insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
781 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
784 ** The new variable 'term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
785 The function 'tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
786 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
789 ** New variable 'system-configuration-features', listing some of the
790 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
791 for use in Emacs bug reports.
794 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
795 hiding character but the default '.' can be used by let-binding the
796 variable 'read-hide-char'.
799 ** The Emacs pseudo-random number generator can be securely seeded.
800 On systems where Emacs can access the system entropy or some other
801 cryptographically secure random stream, it now uses that when 'random'
802 is called with its argument t. This allows cryptographically strong
803 random values; in particular, the Emacs server now uses this facility
804 to produce its authentication key.
807 ** New input methods: 'tamil-dvorak' and 'programmer-dvorak'.
810 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
813 ** 'M-x' suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
818 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
819 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
820 controlled by the new 'undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
821 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
824 *** The heuristic used to insert 'undo-boundary' after each command
825 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
826 current buffer, Emacs now calls 'undo-boundary' in every buffer
827 affected by the command.
830 ** New command 'comment-line' bound to 'C-x C-;'.
832 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
835 *** Unicode names entered via 'C-x 8 RET' now use substring completion
839 *** 'C-x 8' now has shorthands for several chars, such as U+2010
840 (HYPHEN), U+2011 (NON-BREAKING HYPHEN), and U+2012 (FIGURE DASH). As
841 before, you can type 'C-x 8 C-h' to list shorthands.
844 *** New minor mode 'electric-quote-mode' for using curved quotes as you
845 type. See also the new variable 'text-quoting-style'.
848 ** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode' is enabled by default.
851 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
852 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
853 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
854 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
855 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
856 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
857 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
858 pasting large amounts of text.
860 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
861 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
864 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
865 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
866 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
867 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
868 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
869 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
873 ** You can access 'mouse-buffer-menu' ('C-down-mouse-1') using 'C-f10'.
876 ** New buffer-local 'electric-pair-local-mode'.
879 ** New variable 'fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
880 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
881 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of 'C-v', 'M-v' at the cost of
882 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
885 ** New documentation command 'describe-symbol'.
886 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to 'C-h o' by
890 ** New function 'custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
891 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
892 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
895 ** The old 'C-x w' bindings in 'hi-lock-mode' are officially deprecated
896 in favor of the global 'M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs 23.1.
897 They'll disappear soon.
900 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
905 *** New command 'checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
906 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
907 'checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
908 'checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
911 *** New function 'checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
912 It's meant for use together with 'compile':
913 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
918 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
919 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
920 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
921 must explicitly request the upgrade, by 'C-u M-x desktop-save'. You are
922 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
923 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
924 to version 206, you can do this with 'C-u C-u M-x desktop-save'.
927 *** desktop-restore-in-current-display now defaults to t, not nil.
928 That is, Emacs by default now restores frames into the current display.
931 ** New function 'bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to 'C-x r M'.
932 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
933 unlike 'bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
938 *** New user options 'mm-html-inhibit-images' and 'mm-html-blocked-images'
939 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
940 message. Gnus still uses 'gnus-inhibit-images' and 'gnus-blocked-images'
941 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
942 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
945 *** 'mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
946 Use 'mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
952 *** 'imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
953 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
958 *** 'json-pretty-print' and 'json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
959 the ordering of object keys by default.
962 *** New commands 'json-pretty-print-ordered' and
963 'json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
964 object keys sorted alphabetically.
966 ** Prettify Symbols mode
969 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
970 overriding the default 'prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
971 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
972 character. 'prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
973 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
977 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
978 New variable 'prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
980 ** Enhanced xterm support
983 *** The new variable 'xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
984 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
985 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
986 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
987 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
991 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
992 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
993 if your xterm supports it and enables the 'allowWindowOps' options (disabled
994 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
996 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
997 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
998 additionally need to add 'getSelection' to 'xterm-extra-capabilities'.
1001 *** 'xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
1004 ** The way to turn on and off 'save-place' mode has changed.
1005 It is no longer sufficient to load the saveplace library and set
1006 'save-place' non-nil. Instead, use the two new minor modes:
1007 'save-place-mode' turns on saving last place in every file, and
1008 'save-place-local-mode' does that only for the file in whose buffer it
1009 is invoked. The 'save-place' variable is now an obsolete alias for
1010 'save-place-mode', which replaces it, and 'toggle-save-place' is an
1011 obsolete alias for the new 'save-place-local-mode' command.
1016 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
1017 'erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
1018 'erc-network-hide-list' and 'erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
1019 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
1022 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
1025 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
1026 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
1031 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
1033 **** '<' and '>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
1035 **** New play/pause command 'mpc-toggle-play' bound to 's'
1037 **** 'g' bound to new command 'mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
1040 **** New commands 'mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
1041 toggling playback modes.
1044 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
1047 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
1048 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
1049 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
1052 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
1053 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
1058 *** 'midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
1061 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
1066 *** New "external" package status.
1067 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
1068 not from 'package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
1069 'package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
1070 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
1071 are not considered for upgrades.
1073 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
1074 package inside 'package-directory-list' and the package menu will
1075 always respect that.
1078 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
1079 priority (as per 'package-archive-priorities') only that one is
1080 listed. This can be configured with 'package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
1083 *** 'package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
1084 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
1085 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
1086 version (which were previously impossible to display).
1087 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
1091 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
1092 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
1096 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
1097 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
1101 *** New variable 'package-menu-async' controls whether the
1102 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
1105 *** 'package-install-from-buffer' and 'package-install-file' work on directories.
1106 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
1107 -pkg file is optional.
1110 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
1111 The FORCE argument to 'package-delete' overrides this.
1114 *** New custom variable 'package-selected-packages' tracks packages
1115 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
1116 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
1119 *** New command 'package-install-selected-packages' installs all
1120 packages from 'package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
1123 *** 'package-install' function now takes a DONT-SELECT argument. If
1124 this function is called interactively or if DONT-SELECT is nil, add the
1125 package being installed to 'package-selected-packages'.
1128 *** New command 'package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
1129 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
1134 When you invoke 'shell' interactively, the '*shell*' buffer will now
1135 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
1136 the 'display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
1137 the old behavior -- '*shell*' buffer displays in current window -- use
1138 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
1139 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
1143 *** The ':protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
1145 *** The 'newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
1146 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from 'eieio-named'.
1148 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
1150 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
1152 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
1154 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
1155 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
1157 *** 'constructor' is now an obsolete alias for 'make-instance'.
1159 *** 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'eieio'.
1164 *** New command 'ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to 'C-S-b'.
1165 Bury the buffer at the head of 'ido-matches', analogous to how 'C-k'
1166 kills the buffer at head.
1169 *** A prefix argument to 'ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
1170 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
1171 match the current input.
1176 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
1177 The new commands 'next-line-or-history-element' and
1178 'previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
1179 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
1180 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
1181 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
1182 element. 'M-p' and 'M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
1185 ** Search and Replace
1188 *** 'isearch' and 'query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
1189 This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding case
1190 variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between similar
1191 characters. (Case folding is a special case of character folding.)
1192 This means many characters in the search string will match entire
1193 groups of characters instead of just themselves.
1195 For instance, the ASCII double quote character " will match all
1196 variants of double quotes, and the letter 'a' will match all of its
1197 accented cousins, even those composed of multiple characters, as well
1198 as many other symbols like U+249C (PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER
1201 Character folding is enabled by customizing 'search-default-mode' to
1202 the value 'char-fold-to-regexp'. You can also toggle character
1203 folding in the middle of a search by typing 'M-s ''.
1205 'query-replace' honors character folding if the new variable
1206 'replace-char-fold' is customized to a non-nil value.
1209 *** New user option 'search-default-mode'.
1210 This option specifies the default mode for Isearch. The default
1211 value, nil specifies that Isearch does literal searches (however,
1212 'case-fold-search' and 'isearch-lax-whitespace' may still be applied,
1213 as in previous Emacs versions).
1216 *** New function 'char-fold-to-regexp' can be used
1217 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
1218 char-folds into STRING.
1221 *** The new 'M-s M-w' key binding uses eww to search the web for the
1222 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
1223 the customizable variable 'eww-search-prefix'.
1226 *** 'query-replace' history is enhanced.
1227 When 'query-replace' reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
1228 'M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
1229 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
1230 string defined by the new variable 'query-replace-from-to-separator'.
1231 To select a prior replacement, type 'M-p' until the desired
1232 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
1237 *** If 'quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
1238 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
1241 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with 'C-x C-a C-m'.
1242 With this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
1243 instrumented function.
1248 *** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode'.
1249 It is turned on by default, and affects '*scratch*' and other buffers
1250 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
1253 *** 'eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to 'ignore'.
1256 *** 'describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
1257 and can be used as a default value of 'eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
1258 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces - e.g.,
1259 U+00A0 (NO-BREAK SPACE), U+2002 (EN SPACE), and U+2009 (THIN SPACE) - while
1260 using mono-spaced font.
1265 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
1268 *** A new command 'F' ('eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
1269 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
1270 customize the 'shr-use-fonts' variable.
1273 *** A new command 'R' ('eww-readable') will try do identify the main
1274 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
1275 the like off the page.
1278 *** A new command 'D' ('eww-toggle-paragraph-direction') allows you to
1279 toggle the paragraph direction between left-to-right and right-to-left.
1282 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
1283 buffers you want to keep separate.
1286 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
1287 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
1290 *** 'eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
1291 the data in the buffer.
1294 *** The 'eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
1295 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
1298 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
1299 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
1300 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
1304 *** 'mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
1307 *** The new 'S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
1311 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
1312 invalid certificates are marked in red.
1317 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
1318 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
1321 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
1322 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
1323 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
1324 respectively, 'show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
1325 'show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
1328 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
1329 of 'epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
1334 *** Strings after ':documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
1335 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
1336 form '(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
1337 CLOS class and slot documentation.
1339 ** Rectangle editing
1342 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
1345 *** 'C-x C-x' in 'rectangle-mark-mode' now cycles through the four corners.
1346 *** 'string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
1349 ** New font-lock functions 'font-lock-ensure' and 'font-lock-flush'.
1350 These should be used in preference to 'font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
1354 ** Macro 'minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
1355 to 'minibuffer-setup-hook'.
1357 If the first argument of the macro is of the form '(:append FUN)',
1358 then FUN will be appended to 'minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
1363 *** New functions 'cl-fresh-line', 'cl-digit-char-p', and 'cl-parse-integer'.
1366 *** 'pcase' accepts the new UPattern 'cl-struct'.
1368 ** Calendar and diary
1371 *** The default 'diary-file' is now located in "~/.emacs.d".
1374 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
1375 'diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' 'diary-chinese-insert-entry'
1376 'diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', 'diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
1379 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
1380 See 'diary-chinese-list-entries' and 'diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
1383 *** The option 'calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
1384 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
1387 *** New option 'calendar-weekend-days'.
1388 The option customizes which day headers receive the
1389 'calendar-weekend-header' face.
1392 *** New optional args N and STRING for 'holiday-greek-orthodox-easter'.
1395 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
1396 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
1399 **** Functions 'calendar-one-frame-setup', 'calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
1400 'calendar-two-frame-setup', 'european-calendar', 'american-calendar'.
1402 **** Hooks 'cal-menu-load-hook', 'cal-x-load-hook'.
1404 **** Macro 'calendar-for-loop'.
1406 **** Variables 'european-calendar-style', 'diary-face', 'hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
1408 **** The nil and list forms of 'diary-display-function'.
1411 ** New ERT function 'ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
1412 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
1413 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
1414 to produce a neat summary.
1417 ** New js.el option 'js-indent-first-init'.
1422 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
1423 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the 'Info-quoted'
1424 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
1427 *** 'Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
1430 *** 'info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
1431 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
1432 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
1435 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
1440 *** The Rmail commands 'd', 'C-d' and 'u' take optional repeat counts
1441 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1444 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1445 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1446 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1447 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1448 'rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to nil if you don't want that.
1451 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1452 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1455 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see 'ses-define-local-printer'.
1457 ** Shell-script Mode
1459 *** In sh-mode you can now use 'sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1460 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1463 *** New value 'always' for 'sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1464 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1465 See the doc string of 'sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1469 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1472 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1473 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1474 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1475 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1476 controlled by the 'tls-program' variable.
1481 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1482 When 'url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1483 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1486 *** The URL package allows customizing the 'url-user-agent' string.
1487 The new 'url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1491 *** The new interface variable 'url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1492 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1493 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1496 *** 'url-mime-accept-string' can now be used as in "interface"
1497 variable, meaning you can bind it around an 'url-retrieve' call.
1500 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1501 PLIST will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1502 'gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1507 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1508 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1511 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1515 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1516 'tramp-connection-properties'.
1519 *** Handler for 'file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1520 filesystem notifications.
1525 *** New user variable 'sql-default-directory' enables remote
1526 connections using Tramp.
1529 *** New command 'sql-send-line-and-next'.
1530 This command, bound to 'C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1531 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1535 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1537 ** VC and related modes
1540 *** Basic push support, via 'vc-push', bound to 'C-x v P'.
1541 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1542 (undocumented) command 'vc-hg-push' now behaves slightly differently.
1545 *** The new command 'vc-region-history' shows the log+diff of the active region.
1548 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with 'M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1549 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1550 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1551 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1554 *** New option 'vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1555 the color range from 'vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1556 background or to the foreground.
1559 *** New options for customizing encoding of Git commit log messages.
1560 The new user options 'vc-git-commits-coding-system' and
1561 'vc-git-log-output-coding-system' specify the encoding of log messages
1562 sent to Git when committing, and the decoding of log messages read
1563 from Git history commands. These options default to UTF-8; if
1564 customized, they should be consistent with the Git config variables
1565 i18n.commitEncoding and i18n.logOutputEncoding.
1566 ('vc-git-commits-coding-system' existed previously, but was a
1567 variable, not a user option.)
1570 *** 'compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1571 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1572 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1573 'compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1574 'compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1577 *** Two new faces 'compare-windows-removed' and 'compare-windows-added'
1578 replace the face 'compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1579 'compare-windows-added'.
1582 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1583 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the 'vc-faces'
1584 customization group.
1587 *** 'log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1588 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set 'log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1589 nil to disable this.
1592 *** vc-mcvs.el has been removed.
1595 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1600 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1601 fitting for use in money calculations
1604 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1609 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1610 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1611 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1614 *** New command 'hif-evaluate-macro', bound to 'C-c @ e', displays the
1615 result of evaluating a macro.
1618 *** New command 'hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to 'C-c @ C', clears
1619 all defined symbols in 'hide-ifdef-env'.
1622 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1623 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of '.h',
1624 '.hh', '.hpp', '.hxx', or '.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1627 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1628 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1629 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1630 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to t.
1633 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1634 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1635 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1640 *** New custom variable 'tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1641 use PDF instead of DVI.
1644 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1645 'prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1646 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1649 ** New 'big-indent' style in 'whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1650 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1651 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1652 'whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1655 ** New options in 'tildify-mode'.
1656 New options 'tildify-space-string', 'tildify-pattern', and
1657 'tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1658 'tildify-string-alist', 'tildify-pattern-alist', and
1659 'tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1660 helper functions) obsolete.
1663 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI.
1665 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1666 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1667 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1668 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1669 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1672 The command 'xref-find-definitions' replaces 'find-tag' and provides
1673 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1674 'tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. 'xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1675 'pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding ('M-,') different from the one
1676 'pop-tag-mark' used.
1678 'xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces 'find-tag-other-window'.
1679 'xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces 'find-tag-other-frame'.
1680 'xref-find-apropos' replaces 'find-tag-regexp'.
1682 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1683 'find-tag-other-window', 'find-tag-other-frame', 'find-tag-regexp',
1686 'tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1687 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1691 *** Variants of 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1692 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1697 'find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1698 'xref-marker-ring-length'. 'find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1699 alias for a private variable. 'xref-push-marker-stack' and
1700 'xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1701 of searches for definitions.
1704 *** 'xref-find-definitions' and 'describe-function' now display
1705 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1706 'define-overloadable-function' 'define-mode-local-overrides').
1708 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1709 backward-incompatible ways.
1712 ** New package Project
1714 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1715 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1716 'project-find-file' and 'project-find-regexp'.
1718 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1721 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1724 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1727 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1728 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1731 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1732 need to configure this manually anymore.
1735 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1738 There have also been customization changes.
1741 *** New custom variable 'eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1742 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1745 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1746 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1749 *** Custom variable 'eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1750 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1753 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1754 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1757 *** Custom variable 'eudc-options-file' defaults to
1758 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1761 *** New custom variable 'ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1762 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1763 command line's password prompt.
1766 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1769 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1774 *** The new built-in command 'clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1775 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents
1779 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1780 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1781 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1782 'eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1786 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1787 'eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1788 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1789 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1790 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1791 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1792 make the new option 'eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1797 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1800 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1803 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1806 ** 'tar-mode': new 'tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1807 be added to the archive.
1812 *** Dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file notifications, if
1813 Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1816 *** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set to nil in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
1817 See <http://debbugs.gnu.org/22814>.
1819 ** File Notifications
1822 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1825 *** The new event 'stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1826 not active any longer.
1829 *** The new function 'file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1830 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1835 *** The command 'dired-do-compress', bound to 'Z', now can compress
1836 directories and decompress zip files.
1839 *** New command 'dired-do-compress-to', bound to 'c', can be used to
1840 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1841 compression command is determined from the new
1842 'dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1845 *** New user interface for the 'A' and 'Q' commands.
1846 These keys, now bound to 'dired-do-find-regexp' and
1847 'dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to 'xref-find-apropos'
1848 and 'xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1849 in the '*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1850 to use 'tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1851 previous commands, 'dired-do-search' and
1852 'dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1853 keys; rebind 'A' and 'Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1854 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1856 ** Tabulated List Mode
1859 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives 'tabulated-list-mode' to not
1860 call 'tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1864 *** 'tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, UPDATE,
1865 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1866 few or no entries have changed.
1868 ** Obsolete packages
1874 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1877 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1880 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1881 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1882 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1883 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1884 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later). To use this feature, add
1885 "allow-emacs-pinentry" to "~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf" and reload the
1886 configuration with "gpgconf --reload gpg-agent".
1889 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1890 The main entry points are 'cl-defgeneric' and 'cl-defmethod'. See the
1891 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1894 ** 'scss-mode' (a minor variant of 'css-mode') is a major mode for editing
1895 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1898 ** 'let-alist' is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1899 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1902 ** 'tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1903 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1904 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1905 other languages), so 'auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1906 a typographically-correct documents.
1909 ** The 'seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1910 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1911 are prefixed with 'seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1912 'pcase' accepts a new Upattern 'seq'.
1915 ** The 'map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1916 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1917 'map-'. 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'map'.
1920 ** The 'thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1921 evaluation of forms.
1924 ** 'js-jsx-mode' (a minor variant of 'js-mode') provides indentation
1925 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1928 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1931 ** 'setq' and 'setf' must now be called with an even number of
1932 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1933 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1937 ** 'syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1938 Removed 'font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function' and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1939 slot in 'font-lock-defaults'.
1942 ** The new implementation of Subword mode affects word movement everywhere.
1943 When Subword mode is turned on, 'forward-word', 'backward-word', and
1944 everything that uses them will move by sub-words, effectively
1945 overriding the buffer's syntax table. Lisp programs that shouldn't be
1946 affected by Subword mode should call the new functions
1947 'forward-word-strictly' and 'backward-word-strictly' instead.
1950 ** 'package-initialize' now sets 'package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1951 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1952 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1953 'package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1954 'package-initialize'.
1957 ** ':global' minor mode use 'setq-default' rather than 'setq'.
1958 This means that you can't use 'make-local-variable' and expect them to
1959 "magically" become buffer-local.
1962 ** 'track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1963 The 'track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1964 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1965 executed. Lisp programs that use 'track-mouse' for dragging across
1966 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1967 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable 'track-mouse'
1968 to the special value 'dragging' in the body of the form.
1971 ** The optional PREDICATE argument of 'lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1972 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1973 advertised at the time.)
1976 ** 'indirect-function' does not signal 'void-function' any more.
1977 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1978 'symbol-function' was changed not to signal 'void-function' any more.
1981 *** As a consequence, the second arg of 'indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1984 ** 'M-x shell' and 'M-x compile' no longer set the EMACS environment variable.
1985 This avoids clashing when other programs use the variable for other purposes.
1986 Although 'M-x term' still sets EMACS for compatibility with Bash 4.3
1987 and earlier, this is deprecated and will be phased out when Bash 4.4
1988 or later takes over. Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1991 ** 'save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1992 Use 'save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1995 ** 'read-buffer' and 'read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1996 argument (PREDICATE).
1999 ** 'completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
2000 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
2001 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
2002 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
2003 SWITCH-BUFFER to 'completion-table-dynamic'.
2006 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
2009 ** 'inhibit-modification-hooks' now also inhibits lock-file checks, as
2010 well as active region handling.
2013 ** 'deactivate-mark' is now buffer-local.
2016 ** 'cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
2019 ** 'process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
2020 group ID instead of t.
2023 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
2024 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
2025 position list returned for such events is now nil.
2028 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
2029 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
2033 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
2034 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
2035 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
2036 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
2039 ** New variable 'text-quoting-style' to control how Emacs translates quotes.
2040 Set it to 'curve' for curved single quotes, to 'straight' for straight
2041 apostrophes, and to 'grave' for grave accent and apostrophe. The
2042 default value nil acts like 'curve' if curved single quotes are
2043 displayable, and like 'grave' otherwise. The new variable affects
2044 display of diagnostics and help, but not of info. As the variable is
2045 not intended for casual use, it is not a user option.
2048 ** Message-issuing functions like 'message' and 'error' now translate
2049 various sorts of single quotes in their format strings according to
2050 the value of 'text-quoting-style' (see above). This translation
2051 cannot be disabled. To get the old behavior, use 'format', which is
2052 not affected by 'text-quoting-style', e.g., (message "%s" (format
2056 ** 'substitute-command-keys' now replaces quotes.
2057 That is, it converts documentation strings' quoting style as per the
2058 value of 'text-quoting-style'. Doc strings in source code can use
2059 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
2060 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
2063 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
2064 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
2065 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
2066 word syntax, use '\sw' instead.
2069 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
2070 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
2071 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
2072 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
2073 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
2074 use [:multibyte:] instead.
2077 ** The 'diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
2078 behavior, set 'diff-switches' to '-c'.
2081 ** 'grep-template' and 'grep-find-template' values don't include the
2082 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
2083 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
2084 be updated accordingly.
2087 ** '(/ N)' is now equivalent to '(/ 1 N)' rather than to '(/ N 1)'.
2088 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
2089 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
2090 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary '/'.
2093 ** The 'default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
2094 that happen, 'unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
2095 'file-name-as-directory'.
2098 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
2102 *** New UPatterns 'quote', 'app'.
2104 *** New UPatterns can be defined with 'pcase-defmacro'.
2106 *** New vector QPattern.
2109 ** 'syntax-propertize' is now automatically called on-demand during forward
2110 parsing functions like 'forward-sexp'.
2113 ** New hooks 'prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
2114 'prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
2115 commands other than the predefined 'C-u'.
2118 ** New functions 'filepos-to-bufferpos' and 'bufferpos-to-filepos'.
2119 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
2120 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
2123 ** The default value of 'load-read-function' is now 'read'.
2124 Previously, the default value of nil implied using 'read'.
2127 ** New hook 'pre-redisplay-functions'.
2128 It is a bit easier to use than 'pre-redisplay-function'.
2131 ** The second arg of 'looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
2132 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
2135 ** Text properties 'intangible', 'point-entered', and 'point-left' are obsolete.
2136 Replaced by properties 'cursor-intangible' and 'cursor-sensor-functions',
2137 implemented by the new 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2138 'cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
2141 ** 'inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to t and is obsolete.
2142 Use the new minor modes 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2143 'cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
2146 ** New process type 'pipe', which can be used in combination with the
2147 ':stderr' keyword of 'make-process' to handle standard error output
2151 ** New function 'make-process' provides an alternative interface to
2152 'start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
2153 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
2154 'make-network-process').
2157 ** Subprocesses are automatically told about changes in window dimensions.
2158 The new option 'window-adjust-process-window-size-function' controls
2159 how subprocesses are told to adapt their logical window sizes to
2160 changes in the Emacs window configuration. Its default value calls
2161 'set-process-window-size' with the smallest dimensions of all the
2162 windows that display the subprocess's buffer.
2165 ** A new function 'directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
2166 files (recursively) under a directory.
2169 ** New variable 'inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
2170 'message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
2171 area. The output is still logged to the '*Messages*' buffer.
2174 ** A new text property 'inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
2175 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
2178 ** A new variable 'comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
2179 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
2180 continued to the next line.
2183 ** New macro 'define-advice'.
2186 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
2187 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
2190 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
2191 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
2195 ** Lexical closures can use '(:documentation FORM)' to build their docstring.
2196 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
2197 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
2200 ** 'define-inline' provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
2203 ** New function 'macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
2206 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
2207 *** 'x-select-text' is renamed 'gui-select-text'.
2208 *** 'x-selection-value' is renamed 'gui-selection-value'.
2209 *** 'x-get-selection' is renamed 'gui-get-selection'.
2210 *** 'x-get-clipboard' and 'x-clipboard-yank' are marked obsolete.
2211 *** 'x-get-selection-value' is renamed to 'gui-get-primary-selection'.
2212 *** 'x-set-selection' is renamed to 'gui-set-selection'.
2215 ** New function 'string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
2219 ** The new functions 'string-collate-lessp' and 'string-collate-equalp'
2220 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
2221 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
2222 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
2223 counterparts 'string-lessp' and 'string-equal'.
2226 *** The ls-lisp package uses 'string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
2227 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
2228 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
2229 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
2230 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
2231 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
2232 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
2233 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
2234 'ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
2237 *** The MS-Windows specific variable 'w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
2238 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
2239 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
2240 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
2241 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
2242 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
2245 ** New function 'alist-get', which is a generalized variable
2246 suitable for use with 'setf'.
2249 ** New function 'funcall-interactively', which works like 'funcall'
2250 but makes 'called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
2251 called interactively.
2254 ** New function 'function-put' to use instead of 'put' for function properties.
2257 ** The new function 'bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
2258 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
2259 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
2260 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
2261 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
2264 ** The new function 'buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
2265 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
2266 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
2267 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
2268 text and directional control characters.
2271 ** New properties that can be specified with 'declare':
2272 *** '(interactive-only INSTEAD)', says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
2273 *** '(pure VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
2274 *** '(side-effect-free VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
2278 ** New macro 'with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
2279 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
2282 ** You can access the slots of structures using 'cl-struct-slot-value'.
2285 ** Function 'sort' can deal with vectors.
2288 ** Function 'system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
2289 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems.
2290 To avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the name
2291 (in some cases this may affect generated message-id headers - customize
2292 'message-user-fqdn' if this bothers you). The variable 'system-name'
2296 ** Function 'write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
2299 ** If 'pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
2303 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
2306 *** The function 'font-info' now returns more details about a font.
2307 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
2308 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
2311 *** A new function 'default-font-width' returns the average width of a
2312 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
2313 is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
2314 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
2315 'default-font-height'.
2318 *** New functions 'window-font-height' and 'window-font-width' return
2319 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
2320 window. If FACE is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the
2321 function returns the information for the remapped face.
2324 *** A new function 'window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
2325 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
2326 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
2327 calculation. This function is different from 'window-body-width' in
2328 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
2329 font, and (iii) the specified window.
2332 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
2334 *** New macros 'if-let' and 'when-let' allow defining bindings and to
2335 execute code depending whether all values are true.
2337 *** New macros 'thread-first' and 'thread-last' allow threading a form
2338 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
2341 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
2342 in addition to the old style with grave accent and apostrophe. The
2343 new style looks better on today's displays. In the new Electric Quote
2344 mode, you can enter curved single quotes into documentation by typing
2345 grave accent and apostrophe. Outside Electric Quote mode, you can
2346 enter them by typing 'C-x 8 [' and 'C-x 8 ]', or (if your Alt key
2347 works) by typing 'A-[' and 'A-]'. As described above under
2348 'text-quoting-style', the user can specify how to display doc string
2352 ** New function 'format-message' is like 'format' and also converts
2353 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
2354 'text-quoting-style'.
2357 ** 'show-help-function's arg is converted via 'substitute-command-keys'
2358 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
2359 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
2363 ** Time-related changes:
2365 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
2366 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
2367 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, 'wall' for system wall
2368 clock time, or a string as in the TZ environment variable. The
2369 affected functions are 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2370 'decode-time', and 'format-time-string'. The function 'encode-time',
2371 which already accepted a simple time zone rule argument, has been
2372 extended to accept all the new forms.
2374 *** Incompatible change in the third argument of 'format-time-string'.
2375 Previously, any non-nil argument was interpreted as specifying Universal Time.
2376 This is no longer true; packages that want Universal Time should pass t
2377 as the third argument.
2379 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
2380 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
2381 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
2382 Affected functions include 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2383 'decode-time', 'float-time', 'format-time-string', 'seconds-to-time',
2384 'time-add', 'time-less-p', 'time-subtract', 'time-to-day-in-year',
2385 'time-to-days', and 'time-to-seconds'.
2387 *** The 'encode-time-value' and 'with-decoded-time-value' macros have
2390 *** 'calendar-next-time-zone-transition', 'time-add', and
2391 'time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
2392 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
2396 ** New function 'set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
2397 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
2400 ** The new function 'directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
2401 name (as returned from, for instance, 'file-name-all-completions') is
2402 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
2403 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
2404 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
2407 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in 'standard-display-table'
2408 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
2411 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
2412 'standard-display-table', and encode output using 'locale-coding-system'.
2413 To force a specific encoding, bind 'coding-system-for-write' to the
2414 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like 'prin1' and
2418 ** New var 'truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
2421 ** New possible value for 'system-type': 'nacl'.
2422 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
2424 ** Miscellaneous name change
2427 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
2428 'hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to 'hfy-optimizations'.
2429 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
2431 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
2434 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
2435 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
2436 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
2438 **** New function 'horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
2439 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
2441 **** New mode 'horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
2442 bars on all existing and future frames.
2444 **** New function 'toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
2445 scroll bars on the selected frame.
2447 **** New frame parameters 'horizontal-scroll-bars' and
2448 'scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
2449 for individual frames and in 'default-frame-alist'.
2451 **** New functions 'frame-scroll-bar-height' and
2452 'window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
2453 bars on a specific frame or window.
2455 **** 'set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
2456 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
2458 **** 'window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
2461 **** New buffer-local variables 'horizontal-scroll-bar' and
2462 'scroll-bar-height'.
2465 *** New functions 'frame-geometry' and 'frame-edges' give access to a
2469 *** New functions 'mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
2470 'set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
2474 *** The function 'window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
2475 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
2478 *** The functions 'window-inside-edges', 'window-inside-pixel-edges' and
2479 'window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
2480 'window-body-edges', 'window-body-pixel-edges' and
2481 'window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
2484 *** New function 'window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2485 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2488 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2489 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2490 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2491 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2492 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2496 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2497 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2498 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2499 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2500 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2502 **** New option 'frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2503 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2504 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2505 number of columns or lines it displays.
2508 *** New function 'window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2509 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by 'fit-window-to-buffer',
2510 'temp-buffer-resize-mode' and 'display-buffer'.
2513 *** New 'display-buffer' action function 'display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2514 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2515 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2519 *** New minor mode 'window-divider-mode' and options
2520 'window-divider-default-places', 'window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2521 and 'window-divider-default-right-width'.
2524 *** The window displaying the '*Completions*' buffer with minibuffer
2525 completion candidates is now shown at the bottom of the selected
2526 frame. The size of that window is always as large as required to
2527 display all the candidates, except when limited by the minimum size
2528 of the other windows on that frame; those other windows are resized
2529 to provide space for the '*Completions*' display. The Emacs manual
2530 describes how to customize 'display-buffer-alist' to get back the old
2531 behavior, see the node "Temporary Displays" there.
2534 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2535 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2540 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2542 By default, 'etags' will not qualify class members for Perl and C-like
2543 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2544 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2545 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2546 'xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2549 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2550 qualifying class members in C++, Java, Objective C, and Perl. Note
2551 that using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to 'M-.'
2552 ('xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use 'C-u M-.' to specify the
2553 qualified names by hand.
2556 *** New language Ruby
2558 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2559 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2563 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2566 *** Improved support for Lua
2568 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2569 whitespace at line beginning.
2572 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2575 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution.
2576 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2577 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2578 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2579 'configure' script in the top-level directory.
2582 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2583 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2584 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2587 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2590 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2591 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2594 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2595 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2598 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2601 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2604 ** New variable 'ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2605 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2606 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2609 ** On the OS X Cocoa ("Nextstep") port, multicolor font (such as color
2610 emoji) display is disabled. This feature was accidentally added when
2611 Emacs 24.4 included the new Core Text based font backend code that was
2612 originally implemented for a non-mainline port. This will be enabled
2613 again once it is also implemented in Emacs on free operating systems.
2614 If some symbols, such as emoji, do not display, we suggest to install
2615 an appropriate font, such as Symbola; then they will be displayed,
2616 albeit without the color effects.
2619 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2620 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2622 ** New variable 'w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2623 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2624 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2625 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2626 OS use its default size.
2629 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2630 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2632 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2633 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2634 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2635 (at your option) any later version.
2637 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2638 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2639 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2640 GNU General Public License for more details.
2642 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2643 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2649 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"