* Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
of one file by two users.
* Shadowing: File Shadowing.
- Copying files to `shadows' automatically.
+ Copying files to "shadows" automatically.
* Time Stamps:: Emacs can update time stamps on saved files.
@end menu
* Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
* Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
-* Tooltips:: Showing `tooltips', AKA `ballon help' for active text.
+* Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text.
* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
* XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
@cindex mouse wheel
@findex mouse-wheel-install
- Some mice have a `wheel' instead of a third button. You can usually
+ Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can usually
click the wheel to act as @kbd{Mouse-3}. You can also use the wheel to
scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands.
Use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-install} to set up the wheel for scrolling or put
Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current
mouse position, typically over text---including the mode line---which
can be activated with the mouse or other keys. (This facility is
-sometimes known as `balloon help'.) Help text may be available for
+sometimes known as @dfn{balloon help}.) Help text may be available for
menu items too.
@findex tooltip-mode
(@code{describe-bindings}).
@item C-h c @var{key}
Print the name of the command that @var{key} runs
-(@code{describe-key-briefly}). Here @kbd{c} stands for `character'. For more
-extensive information on @var{key}, use @kbd{C-h k}.
+(@code{describe-key-briefly}). Here @kbd{c} stands for ``character.''
+For more extensive information on @var{key}, use @kbd{C-h k}.
@item C-h f @var{function} @key{RET}
Display documentation on the Lisp function named @var{function}
(@code{describe-function}). Since commands are Lisp functions,
so on. With each command name appears a brief description of how to use
the command, and what keys you can currently invoke it with. For
example, it would say that you can invoke @code{find-file} by typing
-@kbd{C-x C-f}. The @kbd{a} in @kbd{C-h a} stands for `Apropos';
+@kbd{C-x C-f}. The @kbd{a} in @kbd{C-h a} stands for ``Apropos'';
@kbd{C-h a} runs the command @code{apropos-command}. This command
normally checks only commands (interactive functions); if you specify a
prefix argument, it checks noninteractive functions as well.
@cindex tooltips
@cindex ballon help
-Often when a region of text is `active' so that you can select it with
-the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it has associated help text. Areas
-of the mode line are examples. This help will normally be printed in
-the echo area when you move point into the active text. In a window
-system you can display the help text as `tooltips'. @xref{Tooltips}.
+When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with
+the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it often has associated help text.
+Areas of the mode line are examples. This help will normally be
+printed in the echo area when you move point into the active text. In
+a window system you can display the help text as a ``tooltip.''
+@xref{Tooltips}.
columns by putting point at one of the columns and the mark at the other
column. Because this means you cannot put point or the mark at the
beginning of the first line of the text you want to sort, this command
-uses an unusual definition of `region': all of the line point is in is
+uses an unusual definition of ``region'': all of the line point is in is
considered part of the region, and so is all of the line the mark is in,
as well as all the lines in between.
are done in the global keymap, so there is no problem switching
buffers or major modes while in EDT emulation.
-@item `PC' bindings
+@item ``PC'' bindings
@findex pc-bindings-mode
-@cindex `PC' key bindings
+@cindex ``PC'' key bindings
The command @kbd{M-x pc-bindings-mode} sets up certain key bindings
for ``PC compatibility''---what people are often used to on PCs---as
follows: @kbd{Delete} and its variants delete forward instead of
@findex pc-selection-mode
@cindex PC Selection minor mode
@cindex mode, PC selection
-@cindex selection, `PC'
+@cindex selection, PC
The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} enables a global minor mode
that emulates the mark, copy, cut and paste commands of various other
systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the keybindings
@findex life
@cindex Life
-@kbd{M-x life} runs Conway's `Life' cellular automaton.
+@kbd{M-x life} runs Conway's ``Life'' cellular automaton.
@findex morse-region
@findex unmorse-region
@item @dots{}-dos
Assume the file uses carriage-return linefeed to separate lines, and do
the appropriate conversion. (This is the convention normally used on
-Microsoft systems.@footnote{It is also specified for MIME `text/*'
+Microsoft systems.@footnote{It is also specified for MIME @samp{text/*}
bodies and in other network transport contexts. It is different
from the SGML reference syntax record-start/record-end format which
Emacs doesn't support directly.})
@cindex 8-bit display
Normally non-ISO-8859 characters (between characters 128 and 159
inclusive) are displayed as octal escapes. You can change this for
-non-standard `extended' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the
+non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the
function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library.
There are several ways you can input single-byte non-ASCII
Mode}). The Foldout package provides folding-editor features
(@pxref{Foldout}).
- The `automatic typing' features may be useful for writing programs.
+ The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful for writing programs.
@xref{,Autotyping,, autotype, Autotyping}.
@menu
There is also a major mode for makefiles, called Makefile
mode. An alternative mode for Perl is called CPerl mode. Modes
are available for scripts for the common Unix shells, VMS DCL and
-MS-DOS/MS-Windows `BAT' files. In a similar fashion to programming
+MS-DOS/MS-Windows @samp{BAT} files. In a similar fashion to programming
languages, modes are provided for editing various sorts of configuration
files.
braces (whichever ones must balance in the language you are working with),
and escape characters that might be used to quote those.
- The other commands deal with expressions or @dfn{sexps}. The word `sexp'
+ The other commands deal with expressions or @dfn{sexps}. The word ``sexp''
is derived from @dfn{s-expression}, the ancient term for an expression in
-Lisp. But in Emacs, the notion of `sexp' is not limited to Lisp. It
+Lisp. But in Emacs, the notion of ``sexp'' is not limited to Lisp. It
refers to an expression in whatever language your program is written in.
Each programming language has its own major mode, which customizes the
syntax tables so that expressions in that language count as sexps.
@findex rmail-bury
You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges and
saves the Rmail file and then switches to another buffer. But there is
-no need to `exit' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in
+no need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in
other buffers, and never happen to switch back, you have exited. (The
Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, does this for you.) Just make
sure to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have
a hollow box, and appears in the window that would be selected if you
give the input focus to that frame.
- The term `point' comes from the character @samp{.}, which was the
+ The term ``point'' comes from the character @samp{.}, which was the
command in TECO (the language in which the original Emacs was written)
-for accessing the value now called `point'.
+for accessing the value now called ``point.''
@node Echo Area
@section The Echo Area
@findex other-window
To select a different window, click with @kbd{Mouse-1} on its mode
line. With the keyboard, you can switch windows by typing @kbd{C-x o}
-(@code{other-window}). That is an @kbd{o}, for `other', not a zero.
+(@code{other-window}). That is an @kbd{o}, for ``other,'' not a zero.
When there are more than two windows, this command moves through all the
windows in a cyclic order, generally top to bottom and left to right.
After the rightmost and bottommost window, it goes back to the one at