@item H y
Generate a calendar file for each month of a year, as well as an index
page (@code{cal-html-cursor-year}). By default, this command writes
-files to a @var{yyyy} subdirectory - if this is altered some hyperlinks
+files to a @var{yyyy} subdirectory---if this is altered some hyperlinks
between years will not work.
@end table
@copying
This manual describes specialized features of Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@menu
* Introduction:: What documentation belongs here?
@iftex
-* Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of characters using
+* Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of characters using
the quarter-plane screen model.
* Autorevert:: Auto Reverting non-file buffers.
@end ifnottex
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1985-1987, 1993-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1985--1987, 1993--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@unnumbered Glossary
@table @asis
-@anchor{Glossary - Abbrev}
+@anchor{Glossary---Abbrev}
@item Abbrev
An abbrev is a text string that expands into a different text string
when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters
Input, Alt}.
@item Argument
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item @acronym{ASCII} character
An @acronym{ASCII} character is either an @acronym{ASCII} control
A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a
program arrived at a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and
correcting bugs (q.v.). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals
-an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Glossary - Quitting}).
+an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Glossary---Quitting}).
@xref{Checklist}.
@item Backup File
that matches the one you just inserted, or inserting the matching
delimiter for you (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}).
-@anchor{Glossary - Balanced Expression}
+@anchor{Glossary---Balanced Expression}
@item Balanced Expressions
A balanced expression is a syntactically recognizable expression, such
as a symbol, number, string constant, block, or parenthesized expression
in C@. @xref{Expressions,Balanced Expressions}.
@item Balloon Help
-@xref{Glossary - Tooltips}.
+@xref{Glossary---Tooltips}.
@item Base Buffer
A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer
To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.).
@xref{Rebinding}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Binding}
+@anchor{Glossary---Binding}
@item Binding
A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a
command (q.v.), a Lisp function that is run when you type that
right away when you press down on a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}.
@item By Default
-@xref{Glossary - Default}.
+@xref{Glossary---Default}.
@item Byte Compilation
-@xref{Glossary - Compilation}.
+@xref{Glossary---Compilation}.
-@anchor{Glossary - C-}
+@anchor{Glossary---C-}
@item @kbd{C-}
@kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control.
@xref{User Input,C-}.
particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}.
@item Character Terminal
-@xref{Glossary - Text Terminal}.
+@xref{Glossary---Text Terminal}.
@item Click Event
A click event is the kind of input event (q.v.@:) generated when you
@xref{Mouse Buttons}.
@item Client
-@xref{Glossary - Server}.
+@xref{Glossary---Server}.
@item Clipboard
A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring
the command to run. @xref{Commands}.
@item Command History
-@xref{Glossary - Minibuffer History}.
+@xref{Glossary---Minibuffer History}.
@item Command Name
A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol that is a command
than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL
package. @xref{Top, Common Lisp, Overview, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Compilation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Compilation}
@item Compilation
Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source
code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code
file names. Completion usually occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or
@key{RET} is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill
-@anchor{Glossary - Continuation Line}
+@anchor{Glossary---Continuation Line}
@item Continuation Line
When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it
-normally (but see @ref{Glossary - Truncation}) takes up more than one
+normally (but see @ref{Glossary---Truncation}) takes up more than one
screen line when displayed. We say that the text line is continued, and all
screen lines used for it after the first are called continuation
lines. @xref{Continuation Lines}. A related Emacs feature is
@item @key{CTRL}
The @key{CTRL} or ``control'' key is what you hold down
-in order to enter a control character (q.v.). @xref{Glossary - C-}.
+in order to enter a control character (q.v.). @xref{Glossary---C-}.
@item Current Buffer
The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing
@cindex cut and paste
@item Cut and Paste
-@xref{Glossary - Killing}, and @ref{Glossary - Yanking}.
+@xref{Glossary---Killing}, and @ref{Glossary---Yanking}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Daemon}
+@anchor{Glossary---Daemon}
@item Daemon
A daemon is a standard term for a system-level process that runs in the
background. Daemons are often started when the system first starts up.
the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}.
@xref{Minibuffer}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Default}
+@anchor{Glossary---Default}
@item Default
A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose when
you do not explicitly specify a value to use.
Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring
(q.v.). The alternative is killing (q.v.). @xref{Killing,Deletion}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Deletion of Files}
+@anchor{Glossary---Deletion of Files}
@item Deletion of Files
Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system.
(Note that some systems use the concept of a ``trash can'', or ``recycle
you can place individual files or subdirectories. They are sometimes
referred to as ``folders''. @xref{Directories}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Directory Local Variable}
+@anchor{Glossary---Directory Local Variable}
@item Directory Local Variable
A directory local variable is a local variable (q.v.@:) that applies
to all the files within a certain directory. @xref{Directory
particular delimiter characters to reindent the line, or insert one or
more newlines in addition to self-insertion.
-@anchor{Glossary - End Of Line}
+@anchor{Glossary---End Of Line}
@item End Of Line
End of line is a character or a sequence of characters that indicate
the end of a text line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline
@xref{Environment}.
@item EOL
-@xref{Glossary - End Of Line}.
+@xref{Glossary---End Of Line}.
@item Error
An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current
it applies to the next character you type.
@item Expression
-@xref{Glossary - Balanced Expression}.
+@xref{Glossary---Balanced Expression}.
@item Expunging
Expunging an Rmail, Gnus newsgroup, or Dired buffer is an operation
@item File Local Variable
A file local variable is a local variable (q.v.@:) specified in a
-given file. @xref{File Variables}, and @ref{Glossary - Directory
+given file. @xref{File Variables}, and @ref{Glossary---Directory
Local Variable}.
-@anchor{Glossary - File Locking}
+@anchor{Glossary---File Locking}
@item File Locking
Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users
start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}.
of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the
text to be filled. @xref{Filling}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Filling}
+@anchor{Glossary---Filling}
@item Filling
Filling text means adjusting the position of line-breaks to shift text
between consecutive lines, so that all the lines are approximately the
same length. @xref{Filling}. Some other editors call this feature
``line wrapping''.
-@anchor{Glossary - Font Lock}
+@anchor{Glossary---Font Lock}
@item Font Lock
Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text in different
faces, according to the syntax. Some other editors refer to this as
fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}.
@item Formfeed Character
-@xref{Glossary - Page}.
+@xref{Glossary---Page}.
@item Frame
A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out
(q.v.), and distributed under a copyleft (q.v.@:) license called the
GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Free Software Foundation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Free Software Foundation}
@item Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a charitable foundation
dedicated to promoting the development of free software (q.v.).
special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. @xref{Faces,fringe}.
@item FSF
-@xref{Glossary - Free Software Foundation}.
+@xref{Glossary---Free Software Foundation}.
@item FTP
FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. This is one standard
The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently
set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack
through buffers you have been editing, or in which you have found
-tags (@pxref{Glossary - Tags Table}). @xref{Global Mark Ring}.
+tags (@pxref{Glossary---Tags Table}). @xref{Global Mark Ring}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Global Substitution}
+@anchor{Glossary---Global Substitution}
@item Global Substitution
Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by
another string throughout a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}.
Emacs uses highlighting in several ways. It highlights the region
whenever it is active (@pxref{Mark}). Incremental search also
-highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental Search}). @xref{Glossary - Font Lock}.
+highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental Search}). @xref{Glossary---Font Lock}.
@item Hardcopy
Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has various commands for
mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted.
@xref{Rmail Inbox}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Incremental Search}
+@anchor{Glossary---Incremental Search}
@item Incremental Search
Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs begins
searching for a string as soon as you type the first character.
or from some other place in Emacs.
@item Interlocking
-@xref{Glossary - File Locking}.
+@xref{Glossary---File Locking}.
@item Isearch
-@xref{Glossary - Incremental Search}.
+@xref{Glossary---Incremental Search}.
@item Justification
Justification means adding extra spaces within lines of text in order
to adjust the position of the text edges. @xref{Fill Commands}.
@item Key Binding
-@xref{Glossary - Binding}.
+@xref{Glossary---Binding}.
@item Keyboard Macro
Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from
@item Keyboard Shortcut
A keyboard shortcut is a key sequence (q.v.@:) that invokes a
command. What some programs call ``assigning a keyboard shortcut'',
-Emacs calls ``binding a key sequence''. @xref{Glossary - Binding}.
+Emacs calls ``binding a key sequence''. @xref{Glossary---Binding}.
@item Key Sequence
A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:)
key sequences.
@item Kill Ring
-The kill ring is where all text you have killed (@pxref{Glossary - Killing})
+The kill ring is where all text you have killed (@pxref{Glossary---Killing})
recently is saved. You can reinsert any of the killed text still in
the ring; this is called yanking (q.v.). @xref{Yanking}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Killing}
+@anchor{Glossary---Killing}
@item Killing
Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be
yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting''.
@c Lexical Binding
@item Line Wrapping
-@xref{Glossary - Filling}.
+@xref{Glossary---Filling}.
@item Lisp
Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect
name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences.
@xref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Mail}
+@anchor{Glossary---Mail}
@item Mail
Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer
system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for
a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}.
@item Message
-@xref{Glossary - Mail}.
+@xref{Glossary---Mail}.
@item Meta
Meta is the name of a modifier bit which you can use in a command
echo area (q.v.), used for reading arguments to commands.
@xref{Minibuffer}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Minibuffer History}
+@anchor{Glossary---Minibuffer History}
@item Minibuffer History
The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past
for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text
@item Newline
Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are
-therefore also called newlines. @xref{Glossary - End Of Line}.
+therefore also called newlines. @xref{Glossary---End Of Line}.
@cindex nil
@cindex t
@code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false''. Its
opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true''.
-@anchor{Glossary - Numeric Argument}
+@anchor{Glossary---Numeric Argument}
@item Numeric Argument
A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change
the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a
automatically install from within Emacs. Packages provide a
convenient way to add new features. @xref{Packages}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Page}
+@anchor{Glossary---Page}
@item Page
A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (@acronym{ASCII}
control-L, code 014) at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs
point. @xref{Point}.
@item Prefix Argument
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item Prefix Key
A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to
Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by
Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Quitting}
+@anchor{Glossary---Quitting}
@item Quitting
Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running
command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}.
@xref{Screen,Redisplay}.
@item Regexp
-@xref{Glossary - Regular Expression}.
+@xref{Glossary---Regular Expression}.
@item Region
The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.).
rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related
Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.).
-@anchor{Glossary - Regular Expression}
+@anchor{Glossary---Regular Expression}
@item Regular Expression
A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings;
for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more
@xref{Remote Files}.
@item Repeat Count
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item Replacement
-@xref{Glossary - Global Substitution}.
+@xref{Glossary---Global Substitution}.
@item Restriction
A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the
Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences.
@xref{Sentences}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Server}
+@anchor{Glossary---Server}
@item Server
Within Emacs, you can start a `server' process, which listens for
connections from `clients'. This offers a faster alternative to
starting several Emacs instances. @xref{Emacs Server}, and
-@ref{Glossary - Daemon}.
+@ref{Glossary---Daemon}.
@c This is only covered in the lispref, not the user manual.
@ignore
allowed as well.
@item String Substitution
-@xref{Glossary - Global Substitution}.
+@xref{Glossary---Global Substitution}.
@item Syntax Highlighting
-@xref{Glossary - Font Lock}.
+@xref{Glossary---Font Lock}.
@item Syntax Table
The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word,
@key{TAB} is the tab character. In Emacs it is typically used for
indentation or completion.
-@anchor{Glossary - Tags Table}
+@anchor{Glossary---Tags Table}
@item Tags Table
A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function
definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}.
or following the stylistic conventions of human language.
@end itemize
-@anchor{Glossary - Text Terminal}
+@anchor{Glossary---Text Terminal}
@item Text Terminal
A text terminal, or character terminal, is a display that is limited
to displaying text in character units. Such a terminal cannot control
You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.).
@xref{Tool Bars}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Tooltips}
+@anchor{Glossary---Tooltips}
@item Tooltips
Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text, which
explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse
(@pxref{Transpose}).
@item Trash Can
-@xref{Glossary - Deletion of Files}.
+@xref{Glossary---Deletion of Files}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Truncation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Truncation}
@item Truncation
Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a
line that does not fit within the right margin of the window
displaying it. @xref{Continuation Lines,Truncation}, and
-@ref{Glossary - Continuation Line}.
+@ref{Glossary---Continuation Line}.
@item TTY
-@xref{Glossary - Text Terminal}.
+@xref{Glossary---Text Terminal}.
@item Undoing
Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing
include a window system.
@item Word Abbrev
-@xref{Glossary - Abbrev}.
+@xref{Glossary---Abbrev}.
@item Word Search
Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the
punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Yanking}
+@anchor{Glossary---Yanking}
@item Yanking
Yanking means reinserting text previously killed (q.v.). It can be
used to undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some
double quotes, e.g., @samp{"red"}. RGB triplets should be written
without double quotes, e.g., @samp{#ff0000}. GTK-style RGB triplets
have the form @w{@code{@{ @var{r}, @var{g}, @var{b} @}}}, where
-@var{r}, @var{g} and @var{b} are either integers in the range 0-65535
-or floats in the range 0.0-1.0.
+@var{r}, @var{g} and @var{b} are either integers in the range 0--65535
+or floats in the range 0.0--1.0.
@sp 1
Edition @value{edition-number}, @value{update-date}
@sp 1
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990-1995, 1997, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1990--1995, 1997, 2001--2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
@sp 1
@iftex
@findex / @r{(division)}
@cindex Division
The second argument is @code{(/ size 10)}. This expression divides
-the numeric value by ten --- the numeric value of the size of the
+the numeric value by ten---the numeric value of the size of the
accessible portion of the buffer. This produces a number that tells
how many characters make up one tenth of the buffer size. (In Lisp,
@code{/} is used for division, just as @code{*} is used for
For me, the major use of the @code{set-variable} command is to suggest
variables that I might want to set in my @file{.emacs} file. There
-are now more than 700 such variables --- far too many to remember
+are now more than 700 such variables, far too many to remember
readily. Fortunately, you can press @key{TAB} after calling the
@code{M-x set-variable} command to see the list of variables.
(@xref{Examining, , Examining and Setting Variables, emacs,
of the work you have to do when writing a @code{while} expression.
Like a @code{while} loop, a @code{dolist} loops. What is different is
-that it automatically shortens the list each time it loops --- it
-`@sc{cdr}s down the list' on its own --- and it automatically binds
+that it automatically shortens the list each time it loops---it
+`@sc{cdr}s down the list' on its own---and it automatically binds
the @sc{car} of each shorter version of the list to the first of its
arguments.
using the expression @code{(setq arg (1- arg))} as the decrementer.
That expression is not far from the @code{while}, but is hidden in
another Lisp macro, an @code{unless} macro. Unless we are at the end
-of the buffer --- that is what the @code{eobp} function determines; it
-is an abbreviation of @samp{End Of Buffer P} --- we decrease the value
+of the buffer---that is what the @code{eobp} function determines; it
+is an abbreviation of @samp{End Of Buffer P}---we decrease the value
of @code{arg} by one.
(If we are at the end of the buffer, we cannot go forward any more and
The @code{directory-files-and-attributes} function returns a list of
lists. Each of the lists within the main list consists of 13
elements. The first element is a string that contains the name of the
-file -- which, in GNU/Linux, may be a `directory file', that is to
+file---which, in GNU/Linux, may be a `directory file', that is to
say, a file with the special attributes of a directory. The second
element of the list is @code{t} for a directory, a string
for symbolic link (the string is the name linked to), or @code{nil}.
@cindex Customizing your @file{.emacs} file
@cindex Initialization file
-``You don't have to like Emacs to like it'' -- this seemingly
+``You don't have to like Emacs to like it''---this seemingly
paradoxical statement is the secret of GNU Emacs. The plain, `out of
the box' Emacs is a generic tool. Most people who use it, customize
it to suit themselves.
@emph{top} of the window.) @samp{%-} inserts enough dashes to fill
out the line.
-Remember, ``You don't have to like Emacs to like it'' --- your own
+Remember, ``You don't have to like Emacs to like it''---your own
Emacs can have different colors, different commands, and different
keys than a default Emacs.
@sp 2
@noindent
-The largest group of functions contain 10 -- 19 words and symbols each.
+The largest group of functions contain 10--19 words and symbols each.
@node Free Software and Free Manuals
@appendix Free Software and Free Manuals
For a new buffer visiting a not yet existing file, @var{high} is
@minus{}1 and @var{low} is 65535, that is,
@ifnottex
-@w{2**16 - 1.}
+@w{2**16 @minus{} 1.}
@end ifnottex
@tex
@math{2^{16}-1}.
@cindex control characters, reading
@cindex nonprinting characters, reading
This function is like @code{read-char}, except that if the first
-character read is an octal digit (0-7), it reads any number of octal
+character read is an octal digit (0--7), it reads any number of octal
digits (but stopping if a non-octal digit is found), and returns the
character represented by that numeric character code. If the
character that terminates the sequence of octal digits is @key{RET},
@end ifnottex
corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990-1996, 1998-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1990--1996, 1998--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@end tex
to
@ifnottex
-2**29 - 1),
+2**29 @minus{} 1),
@end ifnottex
@tex
@math{2^{29}-1}),
@end tex
to
@ifnottex
-2**29 - 1)
+2**29 @minus{} 1)
@end ifnottex
@tex
@math{2^{29}-1})
@item %h
This is a synonym for @samp{%b}.
@item %H
-This stands for the hour (00-23).
+This stands for the hour (00--23).
@item %I
-This stands for the hour (01-12).
+This stands for the hour (01--12).
@item %j
-This stands for the day of the year (001-366).
+This stands for the day of the year (001--366).
@item %k
-This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded.
+This stands for the hour (0--23), blank padded.
@item %l
-This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded.
+This stands for the hour (1--12), blank padded.
@item %m
-This stands for the month (01-12).
+This stands for the month (01--12).
@item %M
-This stands for the minute (00-59).
+This stands for the minute (00--59).
@item %n
This stands for a newline.
@item %N
-This stands for the nanoseconds (000000000-999999999). To ask for
+This stands for the nanoseconds (000000000--999999999). To ask for
fewer digits, use @samp{%3N} for milliseconds, @samp{%6N} for
microseconds, etc. Any excess digits are discarded, without rounding.
@item %p
@item %R
This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M}.
@item %S
-This stands for the seconds (00-59).
+This stands for the seconds (00--59).
@item %t
This stands for a tab character.
@item %T
This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M:%S}.
@item %U
-This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks
+This stands for the week of the year (01--52), assuming that weeks
start on Sunday.
@item %w
-This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day 0.
+This stands for the numeric day of week (0--6). Sunday is day 0.
@item %W
-This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks
+This stands for the week of the year (01--52), assuming that weeks
start on Monday.
@item %x
This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named
This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named
@samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%T}.
@item %y
-This stands for the year without century (00-99).
+This stands for the year without century (00--99).
@item %Y
This stands for the year with century.
@item %Z
@defopt display-buffer-alist
The value of this option is an alist mapping conditions to display
actions. Each condition may be either a regular expression matching a
-buffer name or a function that takes two arguments - a buffer name and
+buffer name or a function that takes two arguments: a buffer name and
the @var{action} argument passed to @code{display-buffer}. If the name
of the buffer passed to @code{display-buffer} either matches a regular
expression in this alist or the function specified by a condition
@item
If the @sc{cdr} specifies a function, that function is called with one
-argument - the new window. The function is supposed to adjust the
+argument: the new window. The function is supposed to adjust the
height of the window; its return value is ignored. Suitable functions
are @code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer} and
@code{fit-window-to-buffer}, see @ref{Resizing Windows}.
@item
If the @sc{cdr} specifies a function, that function is called with one
-argument - the new window. The function is supposed to adjust the width
+argument: the new window. The function is supposed to adjust the width
of the window; its return value is ignored.
@end itemize
(@pxref{Choosing Window}) and consulted by @code{quit-restore-window}
(@pxref{Quitting Windows}). It contains four elements:
-The first element is one of the symbols @code{window} - meaning that the
-window has been specially created by @code{display-buffer}, @code{frame}
-- a separate frame has been created, @code{same} - the window has
-displayed the same buffer before, or @code{other} - the window showed
+The first element is one of the symbols @code{window}, meaning that the
+window has been specially created by @code{display-buffer}; @code{frame},
+a separate frame has been created; @code{same}, the window has
+displayed the same buffer before; or @code{other}, the window showed
another buffer before.
The second element is either one of the symbols @code{window} or
@settitle Ada Mode
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@item M-j
Continue comment on next line.
@item C-c ;
-Comment the selected region (add -- at the beginning of lines).
+Comment the selected region (add @samp{--} at the beginning of lines).
@item C-c :
Uncomment the selected region
@item M-q
@copying
This file describes the Emacs auth-source library.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2008-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2008--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c @cindex autotypist
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994-1995, 1999, 2001-2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 1994--1995, 1999, 2001--2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2004, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2004, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
GNU Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ifnotinfo
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990-1991, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1990--1991, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
the user-level @code{pwday} function described in the previous
section. It takes four arguments: The floating-point date value,
the corresponding six-element date list, the day-of-month number,
-and the weekday number (0-6).
+and the weekday number (0--6).
The default daylight saving hook ignores the time zone name, but a
more sophisticated hook could use different algorithms for different
@c 17
@item
-A prefix argument specifies a day number (0-6, 0-31, or 0-366).
+A prefix argument specifies a day number (0--6, 0--31, or 0--366).
@c 18
@item
@copying
This manual is for CC Mode in Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
and AWK code. It provides syntax-based indentation, font locking, and
has several handy commands and some minor modes to make the editing
easier. It does not provide tools to look up and navigate between
-functions, classes etc - there are other packages for that.
+functions, classes, etc.; there are other packages for that.
@insertcopying
@end ifnottex
Maintainers Team, and implemented the Pike support. In 2000 Martin
took over as the sole maintainer. In 2001 Alan Mackenzie joined the
team, implementing AWK support in version 5.30. @ccmode{} did not
-originally contain the font lock support for its languages --- that
+originally contain the font lock support for its languages; that
was added in version 5.30.
This manual describes @ccmode{}
@itemize @bullet
@item
The chapter ``Configuration Basics'' tells you @emph{how} to write
-customizations - whether in hooks, in styles, in both, or in neither,
+customizations: whether in hooks, in styles, in both, or in neither,
depending on your needs. It describes the @ccmode{} style system and
lists the standard styles that @ccmode{} supplies.
@item
The next two chapters tell you how to get in touch with the @ccmode{}
-project - whether for updating @ccmode{} or submitting bug reports.
+project: whether for updating @ccmode{} or submitting bug reports.
@end itemize
@noindent
When it is @code{nil}, @key{TAB} (re)indents the line only if point is
to the left of the first non-whitespace character on the line.
Otherwise it inserts some whitespace (a tab or an equivalent number of
-spaces - see below) at point.
+spaces; see below) at point.
@item
With some other value, the line is reindented. Additionally, if point
is within a string or comment, some whitespace is inserted.
@kindex C-c C-c
@findex comment-region
This command comments out the lines that start in the region. With a
-negative argument, it does the opposite - it deletes the comment
+negative argument, it does the opposite: it deletes the comment
delimiters from these lines. @xref{Multi-Line Comments,,, emacs, GNU
Emacs Manual}, for fuller details. @code{comment-region} isn't
-actually part of @ccmode{} - it is given a @ccmode{} binding for
+actually part of @ccmode{}; it is given a @ccmode{} binding for
convenience.
@item @kbd{M-;} (@code{comment-dwim} or @code{indent-for-comment} @footnote{The name of this command varies between (X)Emacs versions.})
when electric mode is disabled.
@item hungry-delete mode
This lets you delete a contiguous block of whitespace with a single
-key - for example, the newline and indentation just inserted by
+key: for example, the newline and indentation just inserted by
auto-newline when you want to back up and write a comment after the
last statement.
@item subword mode
@ccmode{} displays the current state of the first four of these minor
modes on the modeline by appending letters to the major mode's name,
-one letter for each enabled minor mode - @samp{l} for electric mode,
+one letter for each enabled minor mode: @samp{l} for electric mode,
@samp{a} for auto-newline mode, @samp{h} for hungry delete mode, and
@samp{w} for subword mode. If all these modes were enabled, you'd see
@samp{C/lahw}@footnote{The @samp{C} would be replaced with the name of
@cindex electric characters
@comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-Most punctuation keys provide @dfn{electric} behavior - as well as
+Most punctuation keys provide @dfn{electric} behavior: as well as
inserting themselves they perform some other action, such as
reindenting the line. This reindentation saves you from having to
reindent a line manually after typing, say, a @samp{@}}. A few
@code{javadoc-font-lock-keywords} in @file{cc-fonts.el}.
If you add support for another doc comment style, please consider
-contributing it - send a note to @email{bug-cc-mode@@gnu.org}.
+contributing it: send a note to @email{bug-cc-mode@@gnu.org}.
@comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
An Emacs @dfn{hook} is a place to put Lisp functions that you want
Emacs to execute later in specific circumstances.
@xref{Hooks,,,@lispref{}, @lispreftitle{}}. @ccmode{} supplies a main
-hook and a language-specific hook for each language it supports - any
+hook and a language-specific hook for each language it supports; any
functions you put onto these hooks get executed as the last part of a
buffer's initialization. Typically you put most of your customization
within the main hook, and use the language-specific hooks to vary the
If none of the built-in styles is appropriate, you'll probably want to
create a new @dfn{style definition}, possibly based on an existing
style. To do this, put the new style's settings into a list with the
-following format - the list can then be passed as an argument to the
+following format; the list can then be passed as an argument to the
function @code{c-add-style}. You can see an example of a style
definition in @ref{Sample .emacs File}.
@item Braces and Colons
@ccmode{} first determines the syntactic context of the brace or colon
(@pxref{Syntactic Symbols}), then looks for a corresponding element in
-an alist. This element specifies where to put newlines - this is any
+an alist. This element specifies where to put newlines: this is any
combination of before and after the brace or colon. If no alist
element is found, newlines are inserted both before and after a brace,
but none are inserted around a colon. See @ref{Hanging Braces} and
or a function.
@table @asis
-@item The Key - the syntactic symbol
+@item The Key: the syntactic symbol
The syntactic symbols that are useful as keys in this list are
@code{brace-list-intro}, @code{statement-cont},
@code{inexpr-class-open}, @code{inexpr-class-close}, and all the
purposes. It's currently not possible to set automatic newlines on
these constructs.
-@item The associated value - the ``ACTION'' list or function
+@item The associated value: the ``ACTION'' list or function
The value associated with each syntactic symbol in this association
list is called an @var{action}, which can be either a list or a
function which returns a list. @xref{Custom Braces}, for how to use
Using a mechanism similar to brace hanging (@pxref{Hanging Braces}),
colons can also be made to hang using the style variable
-@code{c-hanging-colons-alist} - When a colon is typed, @ccmode
+@code{c-hanging-colons-alist}: when a colon is typed, @ccmode
determines its syntactic context, looks this up in the alist
@code{c-changing-colons-alist} and inserts up to two newlines
accordingly. Here, however, If @ccmode fails to find an entry for a
@vindex hanging-colons-alist (c-)
@table @asis
-@item The Key - the syntactic symbol
+@item The Key: the syntactic symbol
The syntactic symbols appropriate as keys in this association list
are: @code{case-label}, @code{label}, @code{access-label},
@code{member-init-intro}, and @code{inher-intro}. @xref{Syntactic
Symbols}. Elements with any other value as a key get ignored.
-@item The associate value - the ``ACTION'' list
+@item The associated value: the ``ACTION'' list
The @var{action} here is simply a list containing a combination of the
symbols @code{before} and @code{after}. Unlike in
@code{c-hanging-braces-alist}, functions as @var{actions} are not
-supported - there doesn't seem to be any need for them.
+supported; there doesn't seem to be any need for them.
@end table
@end defopt
@code{class-open}, @code{class-close}, etc. @xref{Syntactic Symbols},
for a complete list of currently recognized syntactic symbols and
their semantics. The remaining entries are various data associated
-with the recognized construct - there might be zero or more.
+with the recognized construct; there might be zero or more.
@cindex anchor position
Conceptually, a line of code is always indented relative to some
Here, lines 4, 7, and 10 are all assigned @code{case-label} syntax,
while lines 5 and 8 are assigned @code{statement-case-intro}. Line 11
is treated slightly differently since it contains a brace that opens a
-block --- it is given @code{statement-case-open} syntax.
+block; it is given @code{statement-case-open} syntax.
@comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@node Brace List Symbols, External Scope Symbols, Switch Statement Symbols, Syntactic Symbols
@ssindex comment-intro
Line 4 is assigned both @code{defun-block-intro} @emph{and}
@code{comment-intro} syntax. A syntactic element with
-@code{comment-intro} has no anchor point --- It is always accompanied
+@code{comment-intro} has no anchor point. It is always accompanied
by another syntactic element which does have one.
@item
@item +
@code{c-basic-offset} times 1
@item -
-@code{c-basic-offset} times -1
+@code{c-basic-offset} times @minus{}1
@item ++
@code{c-basic-offset} times 2
@item --
-@code{c-basic-offset} times -2
+@code{c-basic-offset} times @minus{}2
@item *
@code{c-basic-offset} times 0.5
@item /
-@code{c-basic-offset} times -0.5
+@code{c-basic-offset} times @minus{}0.5
@end table
@item A vector
elements of the list don't get evaluated.
@item min
Use the minimum of all the offsets. All must be either relative or
-absolute - they can't be mixed.
+absolute; they can't be mixed.
@item max
Use the maximum of all the offsets. All must be either relative or
-absolute - they can't be mixed.
+absolute; they can't be mixed.
@item add
Add all the evaluated offsets together. Exactly one of them may be
absolute, in which case the result is absolute. Any relative offsets
The calling convention for line-up functions is described fully in
@ref{Custom Line-Up}. Roughly speaking, the return value is either an
offset itself (such as @code{+} or @code{[0]}) or it's @code{nil},
-meaning ``this function is inappropriate in this case - try a
+meaning ``this function is inappropriate in this case; try a
different one''. @xref{c-offsets-alist}.
The subsections below describe all the standard line-up functions,
@vindex c-syntactic-context
@vindex syntactic-context (c-)
Some syntactic symbols, e.g., @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}, have more
-info in the syntactic element - typically other positions that can be
+info in the syntactic element: typically other positions that can be
interesting besides the anchor position. That info can't be accessed
through the passed argument, which is a cons cell. Instead, you can
get this information from the variable @code{c-syntactic-element},
which is dynamically bound to the complete syntactic element. The
-variable @code{c-syntactic-context} might also be useful - it gets
+variable @code{c-syntactic-context} might also be useful: it gets
dynamically bound to the complete syntactic context. @xref{Custom
Braces}.
@copying
This file documents the GNU Emacs Common Lisp emulation package.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@syncodeindex fn cp
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2007--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994-1995, 1999, 2001-2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 1994--1995, 1999, 2001--2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
@copying
This file documents Ebrowse, a C++ class browser for GNU Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2000--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@copying
This file describes EDE, the Emacs Development Environment.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2001, 2004-2005, 2008-2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998--2001, 2004--2005, 2008--2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
This file documents Ediff, a comprehensive visual interface to Unix diff
and patch utilities.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
Makes the very first difference region current.
@kbd{-j} makes the last region current. Typing a number, N, and then `j'
-makes the difference region N current. Typing -N (a negative number) then
-`j' makes current the region Last - N.
+makes the difference region N current. Typing @minus{}N (a negative number) then
+`j' makes current the region Last @minus{} N.
@item ga
@kindex ga
@vindex ediff-use-toolbar-p
The use of the toolbar can also be specified via the variable
@code{ediff-use-toolbar-p} (default is @code{t}). This variable can be set
-only in @file{.emacs} --- do @strong{not} change it interactively. Use the
+only in @file{.emacs}: do @strong{not} change it interactively. Use the
function @code{ediff-toggle-use-toolbar} instead.
@item ediff-revert-buffers-then-recompute-diffs
@item ediff-meta-buffer-keymap-setup-hook
@vindex ediff-meta-buffer-keymap-setup-hook
@vindex ediff-meta-buffer-map
-Hooks run just after setting up the @code{ediff-meta-buffer-map} --- the
+Hooks run just after setting up the @code{ediff-meta-buffer-map}, the
map that controls key bindings in the meta buffer. Since
@code{ediff-meta-buffer-map} is a local variable, you can set different
bindings for different kinds of meta buffers.
@copying
This file documents the EDT emulation package for Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1986, 1992, 1994-1995, 1999-2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 1986, 1992, 1994--1995, 1999--2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
@itemize
@item
-@file{edt.texi} - This manual.
+@file{edt.texi}---This manual.
@item
-@file{edt-user.el} - An example customization file.
+@file{edt-user.el}---An example customization file.
@item
-@file{edt.el} - EDT emulation functions and default configuration.
+@file{edt.el}---EDT emulation functions and default configuration.
@item
-@file{edt-lk201.el} - Built-in support for DEC LK-201 keyboards.
+@file{edt-lk201.el}---Built-in support for DEC LK-201 keyboards.
@item
-@file{edt-vt100.el} - Built-in support for DEC VT-100 (and above) terminals.
+@file{edt-vt100.el}---Built-in support for DEC VT-100 (and above) terminals.
@item
-@file{edt-pc.el} - Built-in support for PC 101 Keyboards under MS-DOS.
+@file{edt-pc.el}---Built-in support for PC 101 Keyboards under MS-DOS.
@item
-@file{edt-mapper.el} - Create an EDT LK-201 map file for keyboards
+@file{edt-mapper.el}---Create an EDT LK-201 map file for keyboards
without built-in support.
@end itemize
@copying
This manual documents EIEIO, an object framework for Emacs Lisp.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2007--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@copying
This file documents the Emacs MIME interface functionality.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
Languages, and Continuations
@item RFC1843
-HZ - A Data Format for Exchanging Files of Arbitrarily Mixed Chinese and
+HZ---A Data Format for Exchanging Files of Arbitrarily Mixed Chinese and
@acronym{ASCII} characters
@item draft-ietf-drums-msg-fmt-05.txt
@copying
This file describes EasyPG Assistant @value{VERSION}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2007--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@copying
This manual is for ERC as distributed with Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2005-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2005--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@end direntry
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2008, 2010-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2008, 2010--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
ERT allows you to define @emph{tests} in addition to functions,
macros, variables, and the other usual Lisp constructs. Tests are
-simply Lisp code --- code that invokes other code and checks whether
+simply Lisp code: code that invokes other code and checks whether
it behaves as expected.
ERT keeps track of the tests that are defined and provides convenient
better error reporting. @xref{The @code{should} Macro}.
Each test should have a name that describes what functionality it tests.
-Test names can be chosen arbitrarily --- they are in a
-namespace separate from functions and variables --- but should follow
+Test names can be chosen arbitrarily---they are in a
+namespace separate from functions and variables---but should follow
the usual Emacs Lisp convention of having a prefix that indicates
which package they belong to. Test names are displayed by ERT when
reporting failures and can be used when selecting which tests to run.
Instead, it is better to use lower-level mechanisms with simple and
predictable semantics like @code{with-temp-buffer}, @code{insert} or
@code{insert-file-contents-literally}, and to activate any desired mode
-by calling the corresponding function directly --- after binding the
+by calling the corresponding function directly, after binding the
hook variables to nil. This avoids the above problems.
The reason why this test only checks the first line of the backtrace
is that the remainder of the backtrace is dependent on ERT's internals
as well as whether the code is running interpreted or compiled. By
-looking only at the first line, the test checks a useful property
---- that the backtrace correctly captures the call to @code{signal} that
-results from the call to @code{ert-fail} --- without being brittle.
+looking only at the first line, the test checks a useful property---that
+the backtrace correctly captures the call to @code{signal} that
+results from the call to @code{ert-fail}---without being brittle.
This example also shows that writing tests is much easier if the code
under test was structured with testing in mind.
failed. This can be useful to figure out how far it got.
@item You can instrument tests for debugging the same way you instrument
-@code{defun}s for debugging --- go to the source code of the test and
+@code{defun}s for debugging: go to the source code of the test and
type @kbd{@kbd{C-u} @kbd{C-M-x}}. Then, go back to the ERT buffer and
re-run the test with @kbd{r} or @kbd{d}.
@item If you have been editing and rearranging tests, it is possible that
-ERT remembers an old test that you have since renamed or removed ---
+ERT remembers an old test that you have since renamed or removed:
renamings or removals of definitions in the source code leave around a
stray definition under the old name in the running process (this is a
common problem in Lisp). In such a situation, hit @kbd{D} to let ERT
@copying
This manual is for Eshell, the Emacs shell.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
directory servers using various protocols such as LDAP or the CCSO white
pages directory system (PH/QI)
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998, 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998, 2000--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c appreciate a notice if you do).
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.@*
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.@*
Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
Reuven M. Lerner@*
Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes@*
Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
files larger than 8 megabytes. In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum
-buffer size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
+buffer size is at least 2^27@minus{}1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
The maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines increased to 256 MBytes in
Emacs 22, and again to 512 MBytes in Emacs 23.2.
This manual is for GNU Flymake (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}),
which is a universal on-the-fly syntax checker for GNU Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@cindex Adding support for a new syntax check tool
@menu
-* Example -- Configuring a tool called directly::
-* Example -- Configuring a tool called via make::
+* Example---Configuring a tool called directly::
+* Example---Configuring a tool called via make::
@end menu
Syntax check tools are configured using the
The following sections contain some examples of configuring Flymake
support for various syntax check tools.
-@node Example -- Configuring a tool called directly
-@subsection Example -- Configuring a tool called directly
+@node Example---Configuring a tool called directly
+@subsection Example---Configuring a tool called directly
@cindex Adding support for perl
In this example, we will add support for @code{perl} as a syntax check
flymake-err-line-patterns))
@end lisp
-@node Example -- Configuring a tool called via make
-@subsection Example -- Configuring a tool called via make
+@node Example---Configuring a tool called via make
+@subsection Example---Configuring a tool called via make
@cindex Adding support for C (gcc+make)
In this example we will add support for C files syntax checked by
Syntax check is started by calling @code{flymake-start-syntax-check-for-current-buffer}.
Flymake first determines whether it is able to do syntax
check. It then saves a copy of the buffer in a temporary file in the
-buffer's directory (or in the system temp directory -- for java
+buffer's directory (or in the system temp directory, for java
files), creates a syntax check command and launches a process with
this command. The output is parsed using a list of error message patterns,
and error information (file name, line number, type and text) is
@copying
This file documents Forms mode, a form-editing major mode for GNU Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1997, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1997, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@syncodeindex pg cp
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004-2005, 2007-2012 Free Software
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2005, 2007--2012 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
@c (typically so far the only exception has been that the changes
@c already exist in the trunk in modified form).
Because of this, when the next major version of Gnus will be included in
-Emacs, it should be very easy -- just plonk in the files from the Gnus
+Emacs, it should be very easy---just plonk in the files from the Gnus
trunk without worrying about lost changes from the Emacs tree.
The effect of this is that as hacker, you should generally only have to
If you don't have Emacs bzr access (or it's inconvenient), you can
change such a file in the v5-10 branch, and it should propagate to Emacs
-bzr -- however, it will get some extra scrutiny (by Miles) to see if the
+bzr---however, it will get some extra scrutiny (by Miles) to see if the
changes are possibly controversial and need discussion on the mailing
list. Many changes are obvious bug-fixes however, so often there won't
be any problem.
If you know that there will be conflicts (perhaps because the affected
source code is different in v5-10 and the Gnus git trunk), then you can
install your change in both places, and when I try to sync them, there
-will be a conflict -- however, since in most such cases there would be a
+will be a conflict---however, since in most such cases there would be a
conflict @emph{anyway}, it's often easier for me to resolve it simply if
I see two @samp{identical} changes, and can just choose the proper one,
rather than having to actually fix the code.
This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
-job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks,
+job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same: thanks,
Justin!
This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
-back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
+back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number @minus{}
lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
@documentencoding UTF-8
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}.
The ``options -n'' format is very simplistic. The syntax above is all
-that is supports -- you can force-subscribe hierarchies, or you can
+that is supports: you can force-subscribe hierarchies, or you can
deny hierarchies, and that's it.
@vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe
very old articles that will never be expired and the recent ones. In
such a case, the server will return the data like @code{(1 . 30000000)}
for the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, for example. Even if there
-are actually only the articles 1-10 and 29999900-30000000, Gnus doesn't
+are actually only the articles 1--10 and 29999900--30000000, Gnus doesn't
know it at first and prepares for getting 30000000 articles. However,
it will consume hundreds megabytes of memories and might make Emacs get
stuck as the case may be. If you use such news servers, set the
variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} to a positive number.
The value means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the
latest ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus
-get only the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is
+get only the articles 29990001--30000000 (if the latest article number is
30000000 in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might
prevent you from reading very old articles. The default value of the
variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} is @code{nil}, which
@kbd{C-k} on it. This is like the ``cut'' part of cut and paste. Then,
move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer (just below the ``Gnus''
topic) and hit @kbd{C-y}. This is like the ``paste'' part of cut and
-paste. Like I said -- E-Z.
+paste. Like I said---E-Z.
You can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} on groups as well as on topics. So
you can move topics around as well as groups.
@vindex nntp-nov-gap
@code{nntp} normally sends just one big request for @acronym{NOV} lines to
the server. The server responds with one huge list of lines. However,
-if you have read articles 2-5000 in the group, and only want to read
+if you have read articles 2--5000 in the group, and only want to read
article 1 and 5001, that means that @code{nntp} will fetch 4999 @acronym{NOV}
lines that you will not need. This variable says how
big a gap between two consecutive articles is allowed to be before the
If you are a member of a couple of mailing lists, you will sometimes
receive two copies of the same mail. This can be quite annoying, so
@code{nnmail} checks for and treats any duplicates it might find. To do
-this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s---
+this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s:
@code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, which is @file{~/.nnmail-cache} by
default. The approximate maximum number of @code{Message-ID}s stored
there is controlled by the @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length}
@table @code
@item nnmbox
-UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well-
-defined format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and
+UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well-defined
+format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and
they are delineated by a line whose regular expression matches
@samp{^From_}. (My notational use of @samp{_} is to indicate a space,
to make it clear in this instance that this is not the RFC-specified
AND, OR, and NOT are supported, and parentheses can be used to control
operator precedence, e.g., (emacs OR xemacs) AND linux. Note that
operators must be written with all capital letters to be
-recognized. Also preceding a term with a - sign is equivalent to NOT
+recognized. Also preceding a term with a @minus{} sign is equivalent to NOT
term.
@item Automatic AND queries
recognized.
@item Required and excluded terms
-+ and - can be used to require or exclude terms, e.g., football -american
++ and @minus{} can be used to require or exclude terms, e.g., football
+@minus{}american
@item Unicode handling
The search engine converts all text to utf-8, so searching should work
@table @code
@item nnir-method-default-engines
-Alist of server backend - search engine pairs. The default associations
+Alist of pairs of server backends and search engines. The default associations
are
@example
(nnimap . imap)
possible names is listed below.
The @dfn{value} (i.e., the @dfn{split}) says how much space each buffer
-should occupy. To take the @code{article} split as an example -
+should occupy. To take the @code{article} split as an example:
@lisp
(article (vertical 1.0 (summary 0.25 point)
On the January 31th 2012, Ma Gnus was begun.
-If you happen upon a version of Gnus that has a prefixed name --
-``(ding) Gnus'', ``September Gnus'', ``Red Gnus'', ``Quassia Gnus'',
-``Pterodactyl Gnus'', ``Oort Gnus'', ``No Gnus'', ``Ma Gnus'' -- don't
+If you happen upon a version of Gnus that has a prefixed name---``(ding)
+Gnus'', ``September Gnus'', ``Red Gnus'', ``Quassia Gnus'',
+``Pterodactyl Gnus'', ``Oort Gnus'', ``No Gnus'', ``Ma Gnus''---don't
panic. Don't let it know that you're frightened. Back away. Slowly.
Whatever you do, don't run. Walk away, calmly, until you're out of
its reach. Find a proper released version of Gnus and snuggle up to
various changes to the format of news articles. The Gnus towers will
look into implementing the changes when the draft is accepted as an RFC.
-@item MIME - RFC 2045-2049 etc
+@item MIME---RFC 2045--2049 etc
@cindex @acronym{MIME}
All the various @acronym{MIME} RFCs are supported.
-@item Disposition Notifications - RFC 2298
+@item Disposition Notifications---RFC 2298
Message Mode is able to request notifications from the receiver.
-@item PGP - RFC 1991 and RFC 2440
+@item PGP---RFC 1991 and RFC 2440
@cindex RFC 1991
@cindex RFC 2440
RFC 1991 is the original @acronym{PGP} message specification,
encoding (signing and encryption) and decoding (verification and
decryption).
-@item PGP/MIME - RFC 2015/3156
+@item PGP/MIME---RFC 2015/3156
RFC 2015 (superseded by 3156 which references RFC 2440 instead of RFC
1991) describes the @acronym{MIME}-wrapping around the RFC 1991/2440 format.
Gnus supports both encoding and decoding.
-@item S/MIME - RFC 2633
+@item S/MIME---RFC 2633
RFC 2633 describes the @acronym{S/MIME} format.
-@item IMAP - RFC 1730/2060, RFC 2195, RFC 2086, RFC 2359, RFC 2595, RFC 1731
+@item IMAP---RFC 1730/2060, RFC 2195, RFC 2086, RFC 2359, RFC 2595, RFC 1731
RFC 1730 is @acronym{IMAP} version 4, updated somewhat by RFC 2060
(@acronym{IMAP} 4 revision 1). RFC 2195 describes CRAM-MD5
authentication for @acronym{IMAP}. RFC 2086 describes access control
unstable and should not be used by casual users. Gnus alpha releases
have names like ``Oort Gnus'' and ``No Gnus''. @xref{Gnus Versions}.
-After futzing around for 10-100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
+After futzing around for 10--100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
@dfn{frozen}, and only bug fixes are applied. Gnus loses the prefix,
and is called things like ``Gnus 5.10.1'' instead. Normal people are
supposed to be able to use these, and these are mostly discussed on the
@item
Gnus supports @acronym{PGP} (RFC 1991/2440), @acronym{PGP/MIME} (RFC
-2015/3156) and @acronym{S/MIME} (RFC 2630-2633).
+2015/3156) and @acronym{S/MIME} (RFC 2630--2633).
It needs an external @acronym{S/MIME} and OpenPGP implementation, but no
additional Lisp libraries. This add several menu items to the
@item level
@cindex levels
-Each group is subscribed at some @dfn{level} or other (1-9). The ones
+Each group is subscribed at some @dfn{level} or other (1--9). The ones
that have a lower level are ``more'' subscribed than the groups with a
-higher level. In fact, groups on levels 1-5 are considered
-@dfn{subscribed}; 6-7 are @dfn{unsubscribed}; 8 are @dfn{zombies}; and 9
+higher level. In fact, groups on levels 1--5 are considered
+@dfn{subscribed}; 6--7 are @dfn{unsubscribed}; 8 are @dfn{zombies}; and 9
are @dfn{killed}. Commands for listing groups and scanning for new
articles will all use the numeric prefix as @dfn{working level}.
Some back ends could be said to be @dfn{server-forming} back ends, and
some might be said not to be. The latter are back ends that generally
-only operate on one group at a time, and have no concept of ``server''
----they have a group, and they deliver info on that group and nothing
+only operate on one group at a time, and have no concept of ``server'';
+they have a group, and they deliver info on that group and nothing
more.
Gnus identifies each message by way of group name and article number. A
This is edition @value{EDITION} of the IDLWAVE User Manual for IDLWAVE
@value{VERSION}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
Getting Started (Tutorial)
-* Lesson I -- Development Cycle::
-* Lesson II -- Customization::
-* Lesson III -- User Catalog::
+* Lesson I---Development Cycle::
+* Lesson II---Customization::
+* Lesson III---User Catalog::
The IDLWAVE Major Mode
@code{idl-mode}, defined in Emacs in the file @file{cc-mode.el}.
In this manual, each section ends with a list of related user options.
-Don't be confused by the sheer number of options available --- in most
+Don't be confused by the sheer number of options available: in most
cases the default settings are just fine. The variables are listed here
to make sure you know where to look if you want to change anything. For
a full description of what a particular variable does and how to
@cindex Getting Started
@menu
-* Lesson I -- Development Cycle::
-* Lesson II -- Customization::
-* Lesson III -- User Catalog::
+* Lesson I---Development Cycle::
+* Lesson II---Customization::
+* Lesson III---User Catalog::
@end menu
-@node Lesson I -- Development Cycle, Lesson II -- Customization, Getting Started, Getting Started
+@node Lesson I---Development Cycle, Lesson II---Customization, Getting Started, Getting Started
@section Lesson I: Development Cycle
The purpose of this tutorial is to guide you through a very basic
@key{SPC}. IDLWAVE blinks back to the beginning of the block and
changes the generic @code{end} to the specific @code{endfor}
automatically (as long as the variable @code{idlwave-expand-generic-end}
-is turned on --- @pxref{Lesson II -- Customization}). Now place the
+is turned on; @pxref{Lesson II---Customization}). Now place the
cursor in any line you would like to split and press @kbd{M-@key{RET}}.
The line is split at the cursor position, with the continuation @samp{$}
and indentation all taken care of. Use @kbd{C-/} to undo the last
@kbd{C-c C-s}, press the @key{UP} arrow to recall the previous command
and execute again.
-This time we get a plot, but it is pretty ugly --- the points are all
+This time we get a plot, but it is pretty ugly: the points are all
connected with a line. Hmm, isn't there a way for @code{plot} to use
symbols instead? What was that keyword? Position the cursor on the
plot line after a comma (where you'd normally type a keyword), and hit
you know what to do: @kbd{C-c C-s}) and execute again. Now things
look pretty good.
-Let's try a different day --- how about April fool's day?
+Let's try a different day. How about April fool's day?
@example
plot_wday,1,4
Change the code to plot 100 years and see that every 28 years, the
sequence of weekdays repeats.
-@node Lesson II -- Customization, Lesson III -- User Catalog, Lesson I -- Development Cycle, Getting Started
+@node Lesson II---Customization, Lesson III---User Catalog, Lesson I---Development Cycle, Getting Started
@section Lesson II: Customization
Emacs is probably the most customizable piece of software ever written,
and it would be a shame if you did not make use of this to adapt IDLWAVE
to your own preferences. Customizing Emacs or IDLWAVE is accomplished
by setting Lisp variables in the @file{.emacs} file in your home
-directory --- but do not be dismayed; for the most part, you can just
+directory---but do not be dismayed; for the most part, you can just
copy and work from the examples given here.
Let's first use a boolean variable. These are variables which you turn
@noindent to get compilation on @kbd{S-c}. Often, a modifier key like
@key{SUPER} or @key{HYPER} is bound or can be bound to an otherwise
-unused key on your keyboard --- consult your system documentation.
+unused key on your keyboard; consult your system documentation.
You can also assign specific commands to keys. This you must do in the
@emph{mode-hook}, a special function which is run when a new IDLWAVE
(local-set-key [f8] 'idlwave-shell-clear-all-bp)))
@end lisp
-@node Lesson III -- User Catalog, , Lesson II -- Customization, Getting Started
+@node Lesson III---User Catalog, , Lesson II---Customization, Getting Started
@section Lesson III: User and Library Catalogs
We have already used the routine info display in the first part of this
start the shell first with @kbd{C-c C-s} (@pxref{Starting the Shell}).
IDLWAVE will find out about the IDL @code{!PATH} variable and offer a
list of directories on the path. Simply select them all (or whichever
-you want --- directories with existing library catalogs will not be
+you want; directories with existing library catalogs will not be
selected by default) and click on the @samp{Scan&Save} button. Then
go for a cup of coffee while IDLWAVE collects information for each and
every IDL routine on your search path. All this information is
IDLWAVE can access the HTML version of this documentation very quickly
and accurately, based on the local context. This can be @emph{much}
faster than using the IDL online help application, because IDLWAVE
-usually gets you to the right place in the documentation directly ---
-e.g., a specific keyword of a routine --- without any additional browsing
+usually gets you to the right place in the documentation directly---e.g.,
+a specific keyword of a routine---without any additional browsing
and scrolling.
For this online help to work, an HTML version of the IDL documentation
system variables, system variable tags, class structure tags, regular
structure tags and file names. As in many programming modes, completion
is bound to @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (or simply @kbd{@key{TAB}} in the IDLWAVE
-Shell --- @pxref{Using the Shell}). Completion uses exactly the same
+Shell; @pxref{Using the Shell}). Completion uses exactly the same
internal information as routine info, so when necessary (rarely) it can
be updated with @kbd{C-c C-i} (@code{idlwave-update-routine-info}).
@cindex Completion, canceling
@cindex Canceling completion
-Completion is not a blocking operation --- you are free to continue
+Completion is not a blocking operation; you are free to continue
editing, enter commands, or simply ignore the @file{*Completions*}
buffer during a completion operation. If, however, the most recent
command was a completion, @kbd{C-g} will remove the buffer and restore
or, optionally, any other character set in
@code{idlwave-abbrev-start-char}. IDLWAVE ensures that abbreviations are
only expanded where they should be (i.e., not in a string or comment),
-and permits the point to be moved after an abbreviation expansion ---
+and permits the point to be moved after an abbreviation expansion:
very useful for positioning the mark inside of parentheses, etc.
Special abbreviations are pre-defined for code templates and other
debug these programs. The IDLWAVE shell is built on @file{comint}, an
Emacs packages which handles the communication with the IDL program.
Unfortunately, IDL for Windows does not have command-prompt versions and
-thus do not allow the interaction with Emacs --- so the IDLWAVE shell
+thus do not allow the interaction with Emacs, so the IDLWAVE shell
currently only works under Unix and MacOSX.
@menu
done with @kbd{C-c C-d C-b}, and compiling a source file with @kbd{C-c
C-d C-c}. You can also easily configure IDLWAVE to use one or more
modifier keys not in use by other commands, in lieu of the prefix
-@kbd{C-c C-d} (though these bindings will typically also be available
---- see @code{idlwave-shell-activate-prefix-keybindings}). For
+@kbd{C-c C-d} (though these bindings will typically also be available;
+see @code{idlwave-shell-activate-prefix-keybindings}). For
example, if you include in @file{.emacs}:
@lisp
etc. In the remainder of this chapter we will assume that the
@kbd{C-c C-d} bindings are active, but each of these bindings will
have an equivalent shortcut if modifiers are given in the
-@code{idlwave-shell-debug-modifiers} variable (@pxref{Lesson II --
-Customization}). A much simpler and faster form of debugging for
-running code is also available by default --- see @ref{Electric Debug
+@code{idlwave-shell-debug-modifiers} variable (@pxref{Lesson
+II---Customization}). A much simpler and faster form of debugging for
+running code is also available by default; see @ref{Electric Debug
Mode}.
@defopt idlwave-shell-prefix-key (@kbd{C-c C-d})
With a numeric prefix greater than one (e.g., @kbd{C-4 C-c C-d C-b}),
the breakpoint will only be active the @code{nth} time it is hit.
With a single non-numeric prefix (i.e., @kbd{C-u C-c C-d C-b}), prompt
-for a condition --- an IDL expression to be evaluated and trigger the
+for a condition: an IDL expression to be evaluated and trigger the
breakpoint only if true. To clear the breakpoint in the current line,
use @kbd{C-c C-d C-d} (@code{idlwave-clear-current-bp}). When
executed from the shell window, the breakpoint where IDL is currently
execution is stopped in a buffer due to a triggered breakpoint or error,
or while composing a long command in the IDLWAVE shell. In the latter
case, the command is sent to the shell and its output is visible, but
-point remains unmoved in the command being composed --- you can inspect
+point remains unmoved in the command being composed: you can inspect
the constituents of a command you're building without interrupting the
process of building it! You can even print arbitrary expressions from
-older input or output further up in the shell window --- any expression,
+older input or output further up in the shell window; any expression,
variable, number, or function you see can be examined.
If the variable @code{idlwave-shell-separate-examine-output} is
with IDLWAVE@. The traditional @emph{user catalog} and the newer
@emph{library catalogs}. Although they can be used interchangeably, the
library catalogs are more flexible, and preferred. There are few
-occasions when a user catalog might be preferred --- read below. Both
+occasions when a user catalog might be preferred---read below. Both
types of catalogs can coexist without causing problems.
To facilitate the catalog systems, IDLWAVE stores information it gathers
in directories containing @code{.pro} routine files. They are
discovered on the IDL search path and loaded automatically when routine
information is read. Each catalog file documents the routines found in
-that directory --- one catalog per directory. Every catalog has a
+that directory---one catalog per directory. Every catalog has a
library name associated with it (e.g., @emph{AstroLib}). This name will
be shown briefly when the catalog is found, and in the routine info of
routines it documents.
@end lisp
-@noindent Furthermore, Windows sometimes tries to outsmart you --- make
+@noindent Furthermore, Windows sometimes tries to outsmart you; make
sure you check the following things:
@itemize @bullet
This file describes how to use Info, the on-line, menu-driven GNU
documentation system.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1992, 1996-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1992, 1996--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@documentencoding ISO-8859-1
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2008-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2008--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@end direntry
@titlepage
-@title mairix.el - Mairix interface for Emacs
+@title mairix.el---Mairix interface for Emacs
@author David Engster
@page
@contents
@node Top
-@top mairix.el - Mairix interface for Emacs
+@top mairix.el---Mairix interface for Emacs
Mairix is a tool for indexing and searching words in locally stored
mail. It was written by Richard Curnow and is licensed under the
@copying
This file documents Message, the Emacs message composition mode.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1996-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
Now you are all set. Just start composing a message as you normally do.
And just send it; as always. Just before the message is sent out, Gnus'
MFT generation thingy kicks in and checks if the message already has a
-MFT field. If there is one, it is left alone. (Except if it's empty -
+MFT field. If there is one, it is left alone. (Except if it's empty;
in that case, the field is removed and is not replaced with an
automatically generated one. This lets you disable MFT generation on a
per-message basis.) If there is none, then the list of recipient
@item message-send-mail-hook
@vindex message-send-mail-hook
-Hook run before sending mail messages. This hook is run very late --
+Hook run before sending mail messages. This hook is run very late:
just before the message is actually sent as mail.
@item message-send-news-hook
@vindex message-send-news-hook
-Hook run before sending news messages. This hook is run very late --
+Hook run before sending news messages. This hook is run very late:
just before the message is actually sent as news.
@item message-sent-hook
This is version @value{VERSION}@value{EDITION} of @cite{The MH-E
Manual}, last updated @value{UPDATED}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 2001-2003, 2005-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 2001--2003, 2005--2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
@c This dual license has been agreed upon by the FSF.
@value{VERSION} of MH-E appeared in Emacs 24.1. It is supported in GNU
Emacs 23 and higher, as well as XEmacs 21.4.22 and 21.5.31. MH-E is
known not to work with GNU Emacs versions 20 and below, and XEmacs
-version 21.5.9 - 21.5.16. It is compatible with MH versions 6.8.4 and
+version 21.5.9--21.5.16. It is compatible with MH versions 6.8.4 and
higher, all versions of nmh, and GNU mailutils 1.0 and higher}, so you
shouldn't have to do anything special to use it. Gnus is also
required; version 5.10 or higher is recommended. This manual covers
you can check the actual address(es) in the alias. A new buffer named
@samp{*MH-E Recipients*} is created with the output of @command{whom}
(@pxref{Miscellaneous})@footnote{See the section
-@uref{@value{MH-BOOK-HOME}/senove.html#WhaPro, What now? -- and the
+@uref{@value{MH-BOOK-HOME}/senove.html#WhaPro, What now?---and the
whatnow Program} in the MH book.}.
@node Sending Message, Killing Draft, Checking Recipients, Editing Drafts
conservative. Add that many dots to the @samp{X-Spam-Level:} header
field above to send messages with that score down the drain.
-In the example above, messages with a score of 5-9 are set aside in
+In the example above, messages with a score of 5--9 are set aside in
the @samp{+spam} folder for later review. The major weakness of
rules-based filters is a plethora of false positives so it is
worthwhile to check.
Since Gnus keeps track of which messages you have read, it would be
bad if Gnus expired the last message, for example, message 100, and
@command{rcvstore} gave the next new message number 1. Gnus would then
-ignore it since it thinks that you've read messages 1-100. Turning on
+ignore it since it thinks that you've read messages 1--100. Turning on
this option ensures that the last message is never removed thereby
eliminating this problem.
@end vtable
simpler and the commands were slightly different. Unfortunately, I no
longer have a copy so the differences are lost in the mists of time.
-In '82-83, I was working at BBN and wrote a lot of mlisp code in
+In '82--83, I was working at BBN and wrote a lot of mlisp code in
Gosling Emacs to make it look more like Tennex Emacs. One of the
packages that I picked up and improved was Reid's mail system. In '83,
I went back to Berkeley. About that time, Stallman's first version of
This manual is for Newsticker (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
@noindent
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@end direntry
@titlepage
-@title Newsticker -- a Newsticker for Emacs
+@title Newsticker---a Newsticker for Emacs
@subtitle for version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
@author Ulf Jasper
@author @email{ulf.jasper@@web.de}
Newsticker retrieves headlines either via Emacs's built-in retrieval
functions, by an arbitrary external program that retrieves files via
http and prints them to stdout (like
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/wget.html, wget}, or -- on a
-per feed basis -- via an arbitrary Lisp command.
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/wget.html, wget}, or---on a
+per feed basis---via an arbitrary Lisp command.
@node Installation
This manual documents nXML mode, an Emacs major mode for editing
XML with RELAX NG support.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2007--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@copying
This manual is for Org version @value{VERSION}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org\\'" . org-mode))
@end lisp
-Org mode buffers need font-lock to be turned on - this is the default in
+Org mode buffers need font-lock to be turned on: this is the default in
Emacs@footnote{If you don't use font-lock globally, turn it on in Org buffer
with @code{(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)}}.
'(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2))
@r{Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to Calc's @code{$1+$2}}
'(+ $1 $2);N
-@r{Compute the sum of columns 1-4, like Calc's @code{vsum($1..$4)}}
+@r{Compute the sum of columns 1--4, like Calc's @code{vsum($1..$4)}}
'(apply '+ '($1..$4));N
@end example
For Org files, if there is a @samp{<<target>>} at the cursor, the link points
to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which will also
be the description@footnote{If the headline contains a timestamp, it will be
-removed from the link and result in a wrong link -- you should avoid putting
+removed from the link and result in a wrong link---you should avoid putting
timestamp in the headline.}.
@vindex org-link-to-org-use-id
The @code{est+} summary type requires further explanation. It is used for
combining estimates, expressed as low-high ranges. For example, instead
of estimating a particular task will take 5 days, you might estimate it as
-5-6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much work is required, or
-1-10 days if you don't really know what needs to be done. Both ranges
+5--6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much work is required, or
+1--10 days if you don't really know what needs to be done. Both ranges
average at 5.5 days, but the first represents a more predictable delivery.
When combining a set of such estimates, simply adding the lows and highs
estimated at 0.5 to 2 days of work. Straight addition produces an estimate
of 5 to 20 days, representing what to expect if everything goes either
extremely well or extremely poorly. In contrast, @code{est+} estimates the
-full job more realistically, at 10-15 days.
+full job more realistically, at 10--15 days.
Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed
values.
@table @kbd
@orgcmd{C-c c,org-capture}
Call the command @code{org-capture}. Note that this keybinding is global and
-not active by default - you need to install it. If you have templates
+not active by default; you need to install it. If you have templates
@cindex date tree
defined @pxref{Capture templates}, it will offer these templates for
selection or use a new Org outline node as the default template. It will
month view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as well. For
example, @kbd{200712 w} will jump to week 12 in 2007. If such a year
specification has only one or two digits, it will be mapped to the interval
-1938-2037. @kbd{v @key{SPC}} will reset to what is set in
+1938--2037. @kbd{v @key{SPC}} will reset to what is set in
@code{org-agenda-span}.
@c
@orgcmd{f,org-agenda-later}
@kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, and @kbd{=}, and then the one-digit index of an effort
estimate in your array of allowed values, where @kbd{0} means the 10th value.
The filter will then restrict to entries with effort smaller-or-equal, equal,
-or larger-or-equal than the selected value. If the digits 0-9 are not used
+or larger-or-equal than the selected value. If the digits 0--9 are not used
as fast access keys to tags, you can also simply press the index digit
directly without an operator. In this case, @kbd{<} will be assumed. For
application of the operator, entries without a defined effort will be treated
@tsubheading{Remote editing}
@cindex remote editing, from agenda
-@item 0-9
+@item 0--9
Digit argument.
@c
@cindex undoing remote-editing events
LibreOffice. The latter method is suitable for expert and non-expert
users alike, and is described here.
-@subsubsection Applying custom styles - the easy way
+@subsubsection Applying custom styles: the easy way
@enumerate
@item
@item
Open the above @file{example.odt} using LibreOffice. Use the @file{Stylist}
-to locate the target styles - these typically have the @samp{Org} prefix -
-and modify those to your taste. Save the modified file either as an
+to locate the target styles---these typically have the @samp{Org} prefix---and
+modify those to your taste. Save the modified file either as an
OpenDocument Text (@file{.odt}) or OpenDocument Template (@file{.ott}) file.
@item
@cindex tables, in DocBook export
Export of native Org mode tables (@pxref{Tables}) and simple @file{table.el}
-tables is supported. However, export of complex @file{table.el} tables -
-tables that have column or row spans - is not supported. Such tables are
+tables is supported. However, export of complex @file{table.el} tables---tables
+that have column or row spans---is not supported. Such tables are
stripped from the exported document.
By default, a table is exported with top and bottom frames and with rules
@cindex #+ATTR_ODT
You can control the manner in which an image is anchored by setting the
@code{:anchor} property of it's @code{#+ATTR_ODT} line. You can specify one
-of the the following three values for the @code{:anchor} property -
+of the the following three values for the @code{:anchor} property:
@samp{"as-char"}, @samp{"paragraph"} and @samp{"page"}.
To create an image that is anchored to a page, do the following:
@node Labels and captions in ODT export, Literal examples in ODT export, Math formatting in ODT export, OpenDocument Text export
@subsection Labels and captions in ODT export
-You can label and caption various category of objects - an inline image, a
-table, a @LaTeX{} fragment or a Math formula - using @code{#+LABEL} and
+You can label and caption various category of objects---an inline image, a
+table, a @LaTeX{} fragment or a Math formula---using @code{#+LABEL} and
@code{#+CAPTION} lines. @xref{Images and tables}. ODT exporter enumerates
each labeled or captioned object of a given category separately. As a
result, each such object is assigned a sequence number based on order of it's
@item
It contains @samp{<text:sequence-decl>}@dots{}@samp{</text:sequence-decl>}
-elements that control how various entities - tables, images, equations etc -
-are numbered.
+elements that control how various entities---tables, images, equations,
+etc.---are numbered.
@end enumerate
@end itemize
-@subsubheading Custom table styles - an illustration
+@subsubheading Custom table styles: an illustration
To have a quick preview of this feature, install the below setting and export
the table that follows.
(@pxref{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml,,Factory styles}). If you need
additional templates you have to define these styles yourselves.
-@subsubheading Custom table styles - the nitty-gritty
+@subsubheading Custom table styles: the nitty-gritty
To use this feature proceed as follows:
@enumerate
@vindex org-lowest-priority
@vindex org-default-priority
This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All three
-must be either letters A-Z or numbers 0-9. The highest priority must
+must be either letters A--Z or numbers 0--9. The highest priority must
have a lower ASCII number than the lowest priority.
@item #+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value
This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the current
stars but the last one are made invisible using the @code{org-hide}
face@footnote{Turning on @code{org-indent-mode} sets
@code{org-hide-leading-stars} to @code{t} and @code{org-adapt-indentation} to
-@code{nil}.} - see below under @samp{2.} for more information on how this
+@code{nil}.}; see below under @samp{2.} for more information on how this
works. You can turn on @code{org-indent-mode} for all files by customizing
the variable @code{org-startup-indented}, or you can turn it on for
individual files using
@end table
I received support from so many users that it is clearly impossible to be
-fair when shortlisting a few of them -- but Org's history would not be
+fair when shortlisting a few of them, but Org's history would not be
complete if the ones above were not mentioned in this manual.
@section List of contributions
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../../info/pcl-cvs
-@settitle PCL-CVS --- Emacs Front-End to CVS
+@settitle PCL-CVS---Emacs Front-End to CVS
@syncodeindex vr fn
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@sp
@center @titlefont{to}
@sp
-@center @titlefont{PCL-CVS --- The Emacs Front-End to CVS}
+@center @titlefont{PCL-CVS---The Emacs Front-End to CVS}
@ignore
@sp 2
@center release 2.9
This file describes PGG @value{VERSION}, an Emacs interface to various
PGP implementations.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2003-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2003--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2006-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2006--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
minutes until the client decides that the connection has in fact been
lost. The simple solution is to use @kbd{M-x rcirc}. The problem is
that this opens an @emph{additional} connection, so you'll have two
-copies of every channel buffer --- one dead and one live.
+copies of every channel buffer, one dead and one live.
The real answer, therefore, is a @code{/reconnect} command:
to do labels, references, citations and indices for LaTeX documents
with Emacs.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1997-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1997--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@code{\chapter}, @code{\subsection} to @code{\section} etc. If there is
an active region, all sections in the region will be promoted, including
the one at point. To avoid mistakes, @RefTeX{} requires a fresh
-document scan before executing this command -- if necessary, it will
+document scan before executing this command; if necessary, it will
automatically do this scan and ask the user to repeat the promotion
command.
prefix determines the wording of a reference. After a
promotion/demotion it may be necessary to change a few labels from
@samp{sec:xyz} to @samp{cha:xyz} or vice versa. This command can be
-used to do this - it launches a query replace to rename the definition
+used to do this; it launches a query replace to rename the definition
and all references of a label.
@tablesubheading{Exiting}
Several different environments can share a common counter and therefore
a common label category. For example labels in both @code{equation} and
-@code{eqnarray} environments record the value of the same counter -- the
+@code{eqnarray} environments record the value of the same counter: the
equation counter.
@menu
indicates that this is a figure label which will be listed together with
labels from normal figure environments. The @code{nil} entries for
prefix and reference format mean to use the defaults for figure labels.
-The @samp{3} for the context method means to grab the third macro argument
--- the caption.
+The @samp{3} for the context method means to grab the third macro argument:
+the caption.
As a side effect of this configuration, @code{reftex-label} will now
insert the required naked label (without the @code{\label} macro) when
@end lisp
Note that this is automatically done by the @file{amsmath.el} style file
-of @AUCTeX{} (@pxref{Style Files}) -- so if you use @AUCTeX{},
+of @AUCTeX{} (@pxref{Style Files}); so if you use @AUCTeX{},
this configuration will not be necessary.
@node Non-Standard Environments, Putting it Together, Using \eqref, Defining Label Environments
creates not only the number of the referenced counter but also the
complete text around it, like @samp{Figure 3 on the preceding page}. In
order to make it work you need to use label prefixes like @samp{fig:}
-consistently -- something @RefTeX{} does automatically. For each of
+consistently---something @RefTeX{} does automatically. For each of
these packages a variable could be configured to make its macros to take
precedence over @code{\ref}. Those were @code{reftex-vref-is-default}
and @code{reftex-fref-is-default} respectively. While still working,
@code{<TABs>} stands for white space containing at least one @key{TAB}.
@var{key} must be at the start of the line and is the character
identifying one of the macros defined in the file header. It is
-optional - when omitted, the first macro definition line in the file
+optional; when omitted, the first macro definition line in the file
will be used for this phrase. The @var{phrase} is the phrase to be
searched for when indexing. It may contain several words separated by
spaces. By default the search phrase is also the text entered as
@kindex C-c C-s
Before indexing the phrases in the phrases buffer, they should be
checked carefully for consistency. A first step is to sort the phrases
-alphabetically - this is done with the command @kbd{C-c C-s}
+alphabetically; this is done with the command @kbd{C-c C-s}
(@code{reftex-index-sort-phrases}). It will sort all phrases in the
buffer alphabetically by search phrase. If you want to group certain
phrases and only sort within the groups, insert empty lines between the
respectively.
The following string is empty unless your macro adds a superordinate
-entry to the index key - this is the case for the @code{\astobj} macro.
+entry to the index key; this is the case for the @code{\astobj} macro.
The next entry can be a hook function to exclude certain matches, it
almost always can be @code{nil}.
@deffn Command reftex-index-phrase-selection-or-word
Add current selection or the word at point to the phrases buffer.
When you are in transient-mark-mode and the region is active, the
-selection will be used - otherwise the word at point.
-You get a chance to edit the entry in the phrases buffer - to save the
+selection will be used; otherwise the word at point.
+You get a chance to edit the entry in the phrases buffer; to save the
buffer and return to the @LaTeX{} document, finish with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@end deffn
@cindex Options, list of
Here is a complete list of @RefTeX{}'s configuration variables. All
-variables have customize support - so if you are not familiar with Emacs
+variables have customize support, so if you are not familiar with Emacs
Lisp (and even if you are) you might find it more comfortable to use
@code{customize} to look at and change these variables. @kbd{M-x
reftex-customize} will get you there.
@samp{\myfig}). For macros, indicate the arguments, as in
@samp{\myfig[]@{@}@{@}@{*@}@{@}}. Use square brackets for optional
arguments, a star to mark the label argument, if any. The macro does
-not have to have a label argument - you could also use
+not have to have a label argument; you could also use
@samp{\label@{...@}} inside one of its arguments.
Special names: @code{section} for section labels, @code{any} to define a
@defopt reftex-default-context-regexps
Alist with default regular expressions for finding context. The emacs
lisp form @w{@code{(format regexp (regexp-quote environment))}} is used
-to calculate the final regular expression - so @samp{%s} will be
+to calculate the final regular expression, so @samp{%s} will be
replaced with the environment or macro.
@end defopt
@code{t} (table), @code{i} (item), @code{e} (equation), @code{n}
(footnote), plus any definitions in @code{reftex-label-alist}.
-Most options can also be switched from the label menu itself - so if you
+Most options can also be switched from the label menu itself, so if you
decide here to not have a table of contents in the label menu, you can
still get one interactively during selection from the label menu.
@end defopt
label type. To do that, @RefTeX{} will look at the word before the
cursor and compare it with the magic words given in
@code{reftex-label-alist}. When it finds a match, @RefTeX{} will
-immediately offer the correct label menu - otherwise it will prompt you
+immediately offer the correct label menu; otherwise it will prompt you
for a label type. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, @RefTeX{}
will always prompt for a label type.
@end defopt
the variable @code{reftex-index-macros-builtin} to specify the main
indexing package you are using. Valid values are currently
@example
-default @r{The @LaTeX{} default - unnecessary to specify this one}
+default @r{The @LaTeX{} default; unnecessary to specify this one}
multind @r{The multind.sty package}
index @r{The index.sty package}
index-shortcut @r{The index.sty packages with the ^ and _ shortcuts.}
- @r{Should not be used - only for old documents}
+ @r{Should not be used; only for old documents}
@end example
Note that @AUCTeX{} sets these things internally for @RefTeX{} as well,
so with a sufficiently new version of @AUCTeX{}, you should not set the
The default index macro for @code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}.
This is a list with @code{(@var{macro-key} @var{default-tag})}.
-@var{macro-key} is a character identifying an index macro - see
+@var{macro-key} is a character identifying an index macro; see
@code{reftex-index-macros}.
@var{default-tag} is the tag to be used if the macro requires a
@defopt reftex-index-phrases-wrap-long-lines
Non-@code{nil} means, when indexing from the phrases buffer, wrap lines.
-Inserting indexing commands in a line makes the line longer - often
+Inserting indexing commands in a line makes the line longer, often
so long that it does not fit onto the screen. When this variable is
non-@code{nil}, newlines will be added as necessary before and/or after the
indexing command to keep lines short. However, the matched text
recursion. Thus, in a path @samp{.//:/tex/}, search first @samp{./},
then @samp{/tex/}, and then all subdirectories of @samp{./}. If this
option is @code{nil}, the subdirectories of @samp{./} are searched
-before @samp{/tex/}. This is mainly for speed - most of the time the
+before @samp{/tex/}. This is mainly for speed; most of the time the
recursive path is for the system files and not for the user files. Set
this to @code{nil} if the default makes @RefTeX{} finding files with
equal names in wrong sequence.
@defopt reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers
Non-@code{nil} means use a separate selection buffer for each label
type. These buffers are kept from one selection to the next and need
-not to be created for each use - so the menu generally comes up faster.
+not be created for each use, so the menu generally comes up faster.
The selection buffers will be erased (and therefore updated)
automatically when new labels in its category are added. See the
variable @code{reftex-auto-update-selection-buffers}.
@copying
This manual is for Remember Mode, version 1.9
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2004-2005, 2007-2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2004--2005, 2007--2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
@copying
This file describes the Emacs SASL library, version @value{VERSION}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2004--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
applications using different protocols.
@ifnottex
-@insertcopying
+@insertcopying
@end ifnottex
@menu
* Overview:: What Emacs SASL library is.
* How to use:: Adding authentication support to your applications.
-* Data types::
+* Data types::
* Back end drivers:: Writing your own drivers.
* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
-* Index::
-* Function Index::
-* Variable Index::
+* Index::
+* Function Index::
+* Variable Index::
@end menu
@node Overview
step.
@menu
-* Mechanisms::
-* Clients::
-* Steps::
+* Mechanisms::
+* Clients::
+* Steps::
@end menu
@node Mechanisms
This document describes Supercite, an Emacs package for citing and
attributing replies to mail and news messages.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@vindex sc-cite-frame-alist
@vindex sc-uncite-frame-alist
@vindex sc-recite-frame-alist
-For each of the actions -- citing, unciting, and reciting -- an alist is
+For each of the actions---citing, unciting, and reciting---an alist is
consulted to find the frame to use (@code{sc-cite-frame-alist},
@code{sc-uncite-frame-alist}, and @code{sc-recite-frame-alist}
respectively). These frames can contain alists of the form:
@copying
This manual documents the Semantic library and utilities.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2005, 2007, 2009-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2005, 2007, 2009--2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@copying
This file documents SES: the Simple Emacs Spreadsheet.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2002-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2002--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
Export a range of cells as tab-separated formulas (@code{ses-export-tsf}).
@end table
-The exported text goes to the kill ring --- you can paste it into
+The exported text goes to the kill ring; you can paste it into
another buffer. Columns are separated by tabs, rows by newlines.
To import text, use any of the yank commands where the text to paste
You can define functions by making them values for the fake local
variable @code{eval}. Such functions can then be used in your
formulas and printers, but usually each @code{eval} is presented to
-the user during file loading as a potential virus --- this can get
+the user during file loading as a potential virus. This can get
annoying.
You can define functions in your @file{.emacs} file. Other people can
@copying
This file documents the Emacs Sieve package, for server-side mail filtering.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@kindex ?
@kindex h
@findex sieve-help
-Displays help in the minibuffer.
+Displays help in the minibuffer.
@end table
@settitle Emacs SMTP Library
@syncodeindex vr fn
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2003-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2003--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
is involved.
@cindex MUA
- The mail program --- also called a mail user agent (MUA) ---
-usually sends outgoing mail to a mail host. When your computer is
+ The mail program---also called a mail user agent (MUA)---usually
+sends outgoing mail to a mail host. When your computer is
permanently connected to the internet, it might even be a mail host
itself. In this case, the MUA will pipe mail to the
@file{/usr/lib/sendmail} application. It will take care of your mail
connection the SMTP library uses. The default value is @code{nil},
which means to use a plain connection, but try to switch to a STARTTLS
encrypted connection if the server supports it. Other possible values
-are: @code{starttls} - insist on STARTTLS; @code{ssl} - use TLS/SSL;
-and @code{plain} - no encryption.
+are: @code{starttls} to insist on STARTTLS; @code{ssl} to use TLS/SSL;
+and @code{plain} for encryption.
Use of any form of TLS/SSL requires support in Emacs. You can either
use the built-in support (in Emacs 24.1 and later), or the
@syncodeindex fn cp
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
on. @xref{Basic Navigation}.
@ifnottex
-@insertcopying
+@insertcopying
@end ifnottex
@menu
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2007--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
This will enable that section.
-NOTE: May 11, 2008 - I haven't used this yet, so I don't know if it works.
+NOTE: May 11, 2008: I haven't used this yet, so I don't know if it works.
@node Special Variables
section variables are.
@itemize @bullet
-@item @var{first} - The first entry in the table.
-@item @var{notfirst} - Not the first entry in the table.
-@item @var{last} - The last entry in the table
-@item @var{notlast} - Not the last entry in the table.
+@item @var{first}---The first entry in the table.
+@item @var{notfirst}---Not the first entry in the table.
+@item @var{last}---The last entry in the table
+@item @var{notlast}---Not the last entry in the table.
@end itemize
@node Compound Variable Values
Inside a body of code, such as a function or method body.
- - no conventions yet.
+ ---no conventions yet.
@section Standard Dictionary Values
@end defun
- todo - Add examples. Most core stuff is already described above.
+ todo: Add examples. Most core stuff is already described above.
@node GNU Free Documentation License
@end macro
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
fair trade-off between both approaches.
@table @asis
-@item @option{rcp} --- @command{rsh} and @command{rcp}
+@item @option{rcp}---@command{rsh} and @command{rcp}
@cindex method rcp
@cindex rcp method
@cindex rcp (with rcp method)
@command{remsh} is used instead of @command{rsh}.
-@item @option{scp} --- @command{ssh} and @command{scp}
+@item @option{scp}---@command{ssh} and @command{scp}
@cindex method scp
@cindex scp method
@cindex scp (with scp method)
specify @samp{-P 42} in the argument list for @command{scp}.
-@item @option{sftp} --- @command{ssh} and @command{sftp}
+@item @option{sftp}---@command{ssh} and @command{sftp}
@cindex method sftp
@cindex sftp method
@cindex sftp (with sftp method)
This method supports the @samp{-p} argument.
-@item @option{rsync} --- @command{ssh} and @command{rsync}
+@item @option{rsync}---@command{ssh} and @command{rsync}
@cindex method rsync
@cindex rsync method
@cindex rsync (with rsync method)
This method supports the @samp{-p} argument.
-@item @option{scpx} --- @command{ssh} and @command{scp}
+@item @option{scpx}---@command{ssh} and @command{scp}
@cindex method scpx
@cindex scpx method
@cindex scp (with scpx method)
This method supports the @samp{-p} argument.
-@item @option{scpc} --- @command{ssh} and @command{scp}
+@item @option{scpc}---@command{ssh} and @command{scp}
@cindex method scpc
@cindex scpc method
@cindex scp (with scpc method)
This method supports the @samp{-p} argument.
-@item @option{rsyncc} --- @command{ssh} and @command{rsync}
+@item @option{rsyncc}---@command{ssh} and @command{rsync}
@cindex method rsyncc
@cindex rsyncc method
@cindex rsync (with rsyncc method)
This method supports the @samp{-p} argument.
-@item @option{pscp} --- @command{plink} and @command{pscp}
+@item @option{pscp}---@command{plink} and @command{pscp}
@cindex method pscp
@cindex pscp method
@cindex pscp (with pscp method)
This method supports the @samp{-P} argument.
-@item @option{psftp} --- @command{plink} and @command{psftp}
+@item @option{psftp}---@command{plink} and @command{psftp}
@cindex method psftp
@cindex psftp method
@cindex psftp (with psftp method)
This method supports the @samp{-P} argument.
-@item @option{fcp} --- @command{fsh} and @command{fcp}
+@item @option{fcp}---@command{fsh} and @command{fcp}
@cindex method fcp
@cindex fcp method
@cindex fsh (with fcp method)
@end ifset
-@item @option{smb} --- @command{smbclient}
+@item @option{smb}---@command{smbclient}
@cindex method smb
@cindex smb method
This regular expression is used by @value{tramp} in the same way as
@code{shell-prompt-pattern}, to match prompts from the remote shell.
This second variable exists because the prompt from the remote shell
-might be different from the prompt from a local shell --- after all,
+might be different from the prompt from a local shell---after all,
the whole point of @value{tramp} is to log in to remote hosts as a
different user. The default value of
@code{tramp-shell-prompt-pattern} is the same as the default value of
the machine.
@item @trampfn{, , melancholia, ~/.emacs}
-This also edits the same file --- the @file{~} is expanded to your
+This also edits the same file; the @file{~} is expanded to your
home directory on the remote machine, just like it is locally.
@item @trampfn{, , melancholia, ~daniel/.emacs}
@itemize @w{}
@ifset emacs
-@item @code{ftp} -- That is the default syntax
-@item @code{url} -- URL-like syntax
+@item @code{ftp}---That is the default syntax
+@item @code{url}---URL-like syntax
@end ifset
@ifset xemacs
-@item @code{sep} -- That is the default syntax
-@item @code{url} -- URL-like syntax
-@item @code{ftp} -- EFS-like syntax
+@item @code{sep}---That is the default syntax
+@item @code{url}---URL-like syntax
+@item @code{ftp}---EFS-like syntax
@end ifset
@end itemize
@copying
This is the manual for the @code{url} Emacs Lisp library.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1993-1999, 2002, 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1993--1999, 2002, 2004--2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@settitle VIP
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1987, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1987, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@setfilename ../../info/viper
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995-1997, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995--1997, 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
on VIP version 3.5 by Masahiko Sato and VIP version 4.4 by Aamod Sane.
About 15% of the code still comes from those older packages.
-Viper is intended to be usable without reading this manual --- the defaults
+Viper is intended to be usable without reading this manual; the defaults
are set to make Viper as close to Vi as possible. At startup, Viper will
try to set the most appropriate default environment for you, based on
your familiarity with Emacs. It will also tell you the basic GNU Emacs window
Masahiko Sato and VIP version 4.4 by Aamod Sane. About 15% of the code
still comes from those older packages.
-Viper is intended to be usable out of the box, without reading this manual
---- the defaults are set to make Viper as close to Vi as possible. At
+Viper is intended to be usable out of the box, without reading this manual;
+the defaults are set to make Viper as close to Vi as possible. At
startup, Viper will attempt to set the most appropriate default environment
for you, based on your familiarity with Emacs. It will also tell you the
basic GNU Emacs window management commands to help you start immediately.
those special modes (typing @kbd{C-h m} in a buffer provides
help with key bindings for the major mode of that buffer).
-If you switch to Vi in Dired or similar modes---no harm is done. It is just
+If you switch to Vi in Dired or similar modes, no harm is done. It is just
that the special key bindings provided by those modes will be temporarily
overshadowed by Viper's bindings. Switching back to Viper's Emacs state
will revive the environment provided by the current major mode.
@item viper-search-scroll-threshold 2
If search lands within this many lines of the window top or bottom, the
window will be scrolled up or down by about 1/7-th of its size, to reveal
-the context. If the value is negative---don't scroll.
+the context. If the value is negative, don't scroll.
@item viper-tags-file-name "TAGS"
The name of the file used as the tag table.
@item viper-re-query-replace nil
For details, @pxref{Keyboard Macro Query,,Customization,emacs,The GNU Emacs
Manual} @refill
-When the user finishes defining a macro (which is done by typing @kbd{C-x)} ---
+When the user finishes defining a macro (which is done by typing @kbd{C-x)},
a departure from Vi), you will be asked whether you want this
macro to be global, mode-specific, or buffer-specific. You will also be
given a chance to save the macro in your @file{~/.viper} file.
@item <count> $
To the end of line <count> from the cursor.
@item <count> ^
-To the first CHAR <count> - 1 lines lower.
+To the first CHAR <count> @minus{} 1 lines lower.
@item <count> -
To the first CHAR <count> lines higher.
@item <count> + <cr>
@table @kbd
@item <count> r<char>
-Replace <count> chars by <char> - no <esc>.
+Replace <count> chars by <char>; no <esc>.
@item <count> R
Overwrite the rest of the line,
-appending change @var{count - 1} times.
+appending change @var{count} @minus{} 1 times.
@item <count> s
Substitute <count> chars.
@item <count> S
@item <count> cc
Change <count> lines.
@item <count> C
-The rest of the line and <count> - 1 next lines.
+The rest of the line and <count> @minus{} 1 next lines.
@item <count> =<move>
Reindent the region described by move.
@item <count> ~
and relative position.@*
At user levels 2 and higher, abort the current command.
@item C-c g
-Give file name, status, current line number and relative position -- all
+Give file name, status, current line number and relative position---all
user levels.
@item C-l
Refresh the screen.
@item :x!@: [<file>]
@kbd{:w![<file>]} and @kbd{:q}.
@item :pre
-Preserve the file -- autosave buffers.
+Preserve the file---autosave buffers.
@item :rec
Recover file from autosave.
@item :f [<file>]
@item autoindent
@itemx ai
@cindex autoindent
-autoindent -- In append mode after a <cr> the
+autoindent: In append mode after a <cr> the
cursor will move directly below the first
character on the previous line.
This setting affects the current buffer only.
@item ignorecase
@itemx ic
@cindex case and searching
-ignorecase -- No distinction between upper and lower cases when searching.
+ignorecase: No distinction between upper and lower cases when searching.
@item noignorecase
@itemx noic
Cancel ignorecase.
@item readonly
@itemx ro
@cindex readonly files
-readonly -- The file is not to be changed.
+readonly: The file is not to be changed.
If the user attempts to write to this file, confirmation will be requested.
@item noreadonly
@itemx noro
@item shell=<string>
@itemx sh=<string>
@cindex shell
-shell -- The program to be used for shell escapes
+shell: The program to be used for shell escapes
(default @samp{$SHELL} (default @file{/bin/sh})).
@item shiftwidth=<count>
@itemx sw=<count>
@cindex layout
@cindex shifting text
-shiftwidth -- Gives the shiftwidth (default 8 positions).
+shiftwidth: Gives the shiftwidth (default 8 positions).
@item showmatch
@itemx sm
@cindex paren matching
@cindex matching parens
-showmatch -- Whenever you append a @kbd{)}, Vi shows
+showmatch: Whenever you append a @kbd{)}, Vi shows
its match if it's on the same page; also with
@kbd{@{} and @kbd{@}}. If there's no match, Vi will beep.
@item noshowmatch
@itemx ts=<count>
@cindex changing tab width
@cindex tabbing
-tabstop -- The length of a <ht>; warning: this is
+tabstop: The length of a <ht>; warning: this is
only IN the editor, outside of it <ht>s have
their normal length (default 8 positions).
This setting affects the current buffer only.
@itemx wm=<count>
@cindex auto fill
@cindex word wrap
-wrapmargin -- In append mode Vi automatically
+wrapmargin: In append mode Vi automatically
puts a <lf> whenever there is a <sp> or <ht>
within <wm> columns from the right margin.
@item wrapscan
@itemx ws
@cindex searching
-wrapscan -- When searching, the end is
+wrapscan: When searching, the end is
considered @samp{stuck} to the begin of the file.
@item nowrapscan
@itemx nows
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2000--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c %**end of header
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988-1993, 1995, 1998-2004, 2007, 2012
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--1993, 1995, 1998--2004, 2007, 2012
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c Since we are both GNU manuals, we do not need to ack each other here.
This file documents WoMan: A program to browse Unix manual pages `W.O.
(without) man'.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document