]> code.delx.au - pulseaudio/blobdiff - src/modules/alsa/alsa-mixer.c
Use pa_hashmap_remove_and_free() where appropriate
[pulseaudio] / src / modules / alsa / alsa-mixer.c
index 967140bf981b90845e6ff76d20093e0b8c69b623..58f91820cbe42e97bc953c6c827d520c92c538b7 100644 (file)
 #endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 #include <asoundlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_MEMCHECK_H
 #include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <pulse/mainloop-api.h>
 #include <pulse/sample.h>
-#include <pulse/xmalloc.h>
 #include <pulse/timeval.h>
 #include <pulse/util.h>
-#include <pulse/i18n.h>
+#include <pulse/volume.h>
+#include <pulse/xmalloc.h>
 #include <pulse/utf8.h>
 
+#include <pulsecore/i18n.h>
 #include <pulsecore/log.h>
 #include <pulsecore/macro.h>
 #include <pulsecore/core-util.h>
-#include <pulsecore/atomic.h>
-#include <pulsecore/core-error.h>
-#include <pulsecore/once.h>
-#include <pulsecore/thread.h>
 #include <pulsecore/conf-parser.h>
 #include <pulsecore/strbuf.h>
 
 #include "alsa-mixer.h"
 #include "alsa-util.h"
 
+static int setting_select(pa_alsa_setting *s, snd_mixer_t *m);
+
 struct description_map {
-    const char *name;
+    const char *key;
     const char *description;
 };
 
-static const char *lookup_description(const char *name, const struct description_map dm[], unsigned n) {
+static const char *lookup_description(const char *key, const struct description_map dm[], unsigned n) {
     unsigned i;
 
+    if (!key)
+        return NULL;
+
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-        if (pa_streq(dm[i].name, name))
+        if (pa_streq(dm[i].key, key))
             return _(dm[i].description);
 
     return NULL;
@@ -74,18 +77,19 @@ struct pa_alsa_fdlist {
     struct pollfd *work_fds;
 
     snd_mixer_t *mixer;
+    snd_hctl_t *hctl;
 
     pa_mainloop_api *m;
     pa_defer_event *defer;
     pa_io_event **ios;
 
-    pa_bool_t polled;
+    bool polled;
 
     void (*cb)(void *userdata);
     void *userdata;
 };
 
-static void io_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_io_event* e, int fd, pa_io_event_flags_t events, void *userdata) {
+static void io_cb(pa_mainloop_api *a, pa_io_event *e, int fd, pa_io_event_flags_t events, void *userdata) {
 
     struct pa_alsa_fdlist *fdl = userdata;
     int err;
@@ -94,14 +98,14 @@ static void io_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_io_event* e, int fd, pa_io_event_flags_t
 
     pa_assert(a);
     pa_assert(fdl);
-    pa_assert(fdl->mixer);
+    pa_assert(fdl->mixer || fdl->hctl);
     pa_assert(fdl->fds);
     pa_assert(fdl->work_fds);
 
     if (fdl->polled)
         return;
 
-    fdl->polled = TRUE;
+    fdl->polled = true;
 
     memcpy(fdl->work_fds, fdl->fds, sizeof(struct pollfd) * fdl->num_fds);
 
@@ -121,18 +125,27 @@ static void io_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_io_event* e, int fd, pa_io_event_flags_t
 
     pa_assert(i != fdl->num_fds);
 
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_revents(fdl->mixer, fdl->work_fds, fdl->num_fds, &revents)) < 0) {
+    if (fdl->hctl)
+        err = snd_hctl_poll_descriptors_revents(fdl->hctl, fdl->work_fds, fdl->num_fds, &revents);
+    else
+        err = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_revents(fdl->mixer, fdl->work_fds, fdl->num_fds, &revents);
+
+    if (err < 0) {
         pa_log_error("Unable to get poll revent: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
         return;
     }
 
     a->defer_enable(fdl->defer, 1);
 
-    if (revents)
-        snd_mixer_handle_events(fdl->mixer);
+    if (revents) {
+        if (fdl->hctl)
+            snd_hctl_handle_events(fdl->hctl);
+        else
+            snd_mixer_handle_events(fdl->mixer);
+    }
 }
 
-static void defer_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_defer_event* e, void *userdata) {
+static void defer_cb(pa_mainloop_api *a, pa_defer_event *e, void *userdata) {
     struct pa_alsa_fdlist *fdl = userdata;
     unsigned num_fds, i;
     int err, n;
@@ -140,11 +153,16 @@ static void defer_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_defer_event* e, void *userdata) {
 
     pa_assert(a);
     pa_assert(fdl);
-    pa_assert(fdl->mixer);
+    pa_assert(fdl->mixer || fdl->hctl);
 
     a->defer_enable(fdl->defer, 0);
 
-    if ((n = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_count(fdl->mixer)) < 0) {
+    if (fdl->hctl)
+        n = snd_hctl_poll_descriptors_count(fdl->hctl);
+    else
+        n = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_count(fdl->mixer);
+
+    if (n < 0) {
         pa_log("snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_count() failed: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(n));
         return;
     }
@@ -161,12 +179,17 @@ static void defer_cb(pa_mainloop_api*a, pa_defer_event* e, void *userdata) {
 
     memset(fdl->work_fds, 0, sizeof(struct pollfd) * num_fds);
 
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors(fdl->mixer, fdl->work_fds, num_fds)) < 0) {
+    if (fdl->hctl)
+        err = snd_hctl_poll_descriptors(fdl->hctl, fdl->work_fds, num_fds);
+    else
+        err = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors(fdl->mixer, fdl->work_fds, num_fds);
+
+    if (err < 0) {
         pa_log_error("Unable to get poll descriptors: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
         return;
     }
 
-    fdl->polled = FALSE;
+    fdl->polled = false;
 
     if (memcmp(fdl->fds, fdl->work_fds, sizeof(struct pollfd) * num_fds) == 0)
         return;
@@ -230,12 +253,15 @@ void pa_alsa_fdlist_free(struct pa_alsa_fdlist *fdl) {
     pa_xfree(fdl);
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_fdlist_set_mixer(struct pa_alsa_fdlist *fdl, snd_mixer_t *mixer_handle, pa_mainloop_api* m) {
+/* We can listen to either a snd_hctl_t or a snd_mixer_t, but not both */
+int pa_alsa_fdlist_set_handle(struct pa_alsa_fdlist *fdl, snd_mixer_t *mixer_handle, snd_hctl_t *hctl_handle, pa_mainloop_api *m) {
     pa_assert(fdl);
-    pa_assert(mixer_handle);
+    pa_assert(hctl_handle || mixer_handle);
+    pa_assert(!(hctl_handle && mixer_handle));
     pa_assert(m);
     pa_assert(!fdl->m);
 
+    fdl->hctl = hctl_handle;
     fdl->mixer = mixer_handle;
     fdl->m = m;
     fdl->defer = m->defer_new(m, defer_cb, fdl);
@@ -249,7 +275,6 @@ struct pa_alsa_mixer_pdata {
     snd_mixer_t *mixer;
 };
 
-
 struct pa_alsa_mixer_pdata *pa_alsa_mixer_pdata_new(void) {
     struct pa_alsa_mixer_pdata *pd;
 
@@ -273,7 +298,7 @@ static int rtpoll_work_cb(pa_rtpoll_item *i) {
     struct pollfd *p;
     unsigned n_fds;
     unsigned short revents = 0;
-    int err;
+    int err, ret = 0;
 
     pd = pa_rtpoll_item_get_userdata(i);
     pa_assert_fp(pd);
@@ -283,17 +308,42 @@ static int rtpoll_work_cb(pa_rtpoll_item *i) {
 
     if ((err = snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_revents(pd->mixer, p, n_fds, &revents)) < 0) {
         pa_log_error("Unable to get poll revent: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
-        pa_rtpoll_item_free(i);
-        return -1;
+        ret = -1;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
     if (revents) {
-        snd_mixer_handle_events(pd->mixer);
-        pa_rtpoll_item_free(i);
-        pa_alsa_set_mixer_rtpoll(pd, pd->mixer, pd->rtpoll);
+        if (revents & (POLLNVAL | POLLERR)) {
+            pa_log_debug("Device disconnected, stopping poll on mixer");
+            goto fail;
+        } else if (revents & POLLERR) {
+            /* This shouldn't happen. */
+            pa_log_error("Got a POLLERR (revents = %04x), stopping poll on mixer", revents);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        err = snd_mixer_handle_events(pd->mixer);
+
+        if (PA_LIKELY(err >= 0)) {
+            pa_rtpoll_item_free(i);
+            pa_alsa_set_mixer_rtpoll(pd, pd->mixer, pd->rtpoll);
+        } else {
+            pa_log_error("Error handling mixer event: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
+            ret = -1;
+            goto fail;
+        }
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    return ret;
+
+fail:
+    pa_rtpoll_item_free(i);
+
+    pd->poll_item = NULL;
+    pd->rtpoll = NULL;
+    pd->mixer = NULL;
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
 int pa_alsa_set_mixer_rtpoll(struct pa_alsa_mixer_pdata *pd, snd_mixer_t *mixer, pa_rtpoll *rtp) {
@@ -332,82 +382,6 @@ int pa_alsa_set_mixer_rtpoll(struct pa_alsa_mixer_pdata *pd, snd_mixer_t *mixer,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int prepare_mixer(snd_mixer_t *mixer, const char *dev) {
-    int err;
-
-    pa_assert(mixer);
-    pa_assert(dev);
-
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_attach(mixer, dev)) < 0) {
-        pa_log_info("Unable to attach to mixer %s: %s", dev, pa_alsa_strerror(err));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_selem_register(mixer, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
-        pa_log_warn("Unable to register mixer: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_load(mixer)) < 0) {
-        pa_log_warn("Unable to load mixer: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    pa_log_info("Successfully attached to mixer '%s'", dev);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-snd_mixer_t *pa_alsa_open_mixer_for_pcm(snd_pcm_t *pcm, char **ctl_device) {
-    int err;
-    snd_mixer_t *m;
-    const char *dev;
-    snd_pcm_info_t* info;
-    snd_pcm_info_alloca(&info);
-
-    pa_assert(pcm);
-
-    if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&m, 0)) < 0) {
-        pa_log("Error opening mixer: %s", pa_alsa_strerror(err));
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    /* First, try by name */
-    if ((dev = snd_pcm_name(pcm)))
-        if (prepare_mixer(m, dev) >= 0) {
-            if (ctl_device)
-                *ctl_device = pa_xstrdup(dev);
-
-            return m;
-        }
-
-    /* Then, try by card index */
-    if (snd_pcm_info(pcm, info) >= 0) {
-        char *md;
-        int card_idx;
-
-        if ((card_idx = snd_pcm_info_get_card(info)) >= 0) {
-
-            md = pa_sprintf_malloc("hw:%i", card_idx);
-
-            if (!dev || !pa_streq(dev, md))
-                if (prepare_mixer(m, md) >= 0) {
-
-                    if (ctl_device)
-                        *ctl_device = md;
-                    else
-                        pa_xfree(md);
-
-                    return m;
-                }
-
-            pa_xfree(md);
-        }
-    }
-
-    snd_mixer_close(m);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 static const snd_mixer_selem_channel_id_t alsa_channel_ids[PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX] = {
     [PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO] = SND_MIXER_SCHN_MONO, /* The ALSA name is just an alias! */
 
@@ -475,7 +449,7 @@ static void setting_free(pa_alsa_setting *s) {
     pa_assert(s);
 
     if (s->options)
-        pa_idxset_free(s->options, NULL, NULL);
+        pa_idxset_free(s->options, NULL);
 
     pa_xfree(s->name);
     pa_xfree(s->description);
@@ -491,6 +465,23 @@ static void option_free(pa_alsa_option *o) {
     pa_xfree(o);
 }
 
+static void decibel_fix_free(pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix) {
+    pa_assert(db_fix);
+
+    pa_xfree(db_fix->name);
+    pa_xfree(db_fix->db_values);
+
+    pa_xfree(db_fix);
+}
+
+static void jack_free(pa_alsa_jack *j) {
+    pa_assert(j);
+
+    pa_xfree(j->alsa_name);
+    pa_xfree(j->name);
+    pa_xfree(j);
+}
+
 static void element_free(pa_alsa_element *e) {
     pa_alsa_option *o;
     pa_assert(e);
@@ -500,16 +491,25 @@ static void element_free(pa_alsa_element *e) {
         option_free(o);
     }
 
+    if (e->db_fix)
+        decibel_fix_free(e->db_fix);
+
     pa_xfree(e->alsa_name);
     pa_xfree(e);
 }
 
 void pa_alsa_path_free(pa_alsa_path *p) {
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
     pa_alsa_setting *s;
 
     pa_assert(p);
 
+    while ((j = p->jacks)) {
+        PA_LLIST_REMOVE(pa_alsa_jack, p->jacks, j);
+        jack_free(j);
+    }
+
     while ((e = p->elements)) {
         PA_LLIST_REMOVE(pa_alsa_element, p->elements, e);
         element_free(e);
@@ -520,19 +520,18 @@ void pa_alsa_path_free(pa_alsa_path *p) {
         setting_free(s);
     }
 
+    pa_proplist_free(p->proplist);
     pa_xfree(p->name);
     pa_xfree(p->description);
+    pa_xfree(p->description_key);
     pa_xfree(p);
 }
 
 void pa_alsa_path_set_free(pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
-    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_assert(ps);
 
-    while ((p = ps->paths)) {
-        PA_LLIST_REMOVE(pa_alsa_path, ps->paths, p);
-        pa_alsa_path_free(p);
-    }
+    if (ps->paths)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->paths);
 
     pa_xfree(ps);
 }
@@ -561,7 +560,7 @@ static pa_volume_t from_alsa_volume(long v, long min, long max) {
         snd_mixer_selem_id_alloca(&(sid));              \
         snd_mixer_selem_id_set_name((sid), (name));     \
         snd_mixer_selem_id_set_index((sid), 0);         \
-    } while(FALSE)
+    } while(false)
 
 static int element_get_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_map *cm, pa_cvolume *v) {
     snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
@@ -593,14 +592,60 @@ static int element_get_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_chann
             long value = 0;
 
             if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
-                if (snd_mixer_selem_has_playback_channel(me, c))
-                    r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB(me, c, &value);
-                else
+                if (snd_mixer_selem_has_playback_channel(me, c)) {
+                    if (e->db_fix) {
+                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_volume(me, c, &value)) >= 0) {
+                            /* If the channel volume is outside the limits set
+                             * by the dB fix, we clamp the hw volume to be
+                             * within the limits. */
+                            if (value < e->db_fix->min_step) {
+                                value = e->db_fix->min_step;
+                                snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_volume(me, c, value);
+                                pa_log_debug("Playback volume for element %s channel %i was below the dB fix limit. "
+                                             "Volume reset to %0.2f dB.", e->alsa_name, c,
+                                             e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step] / 100.0);
+                            } else if (value > e->db_fix->max_step) {
+                                value = e->db_fix->max_step;
+                                snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_volume(me, c, value);
+                                pa_log_debug("Playback volume for element %s channel %i was over the dB fix limit. "
+                                             "Volume reset to %0.2f dB.", e->alsa_name, c,
+                                             e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step] / 100.0);
+                            }
+
+                            /* Volume step -> dB value conversion. */
+                            value = e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step];
+                        }
+                    } else
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB(me, c, &value);
+                } else
                     r = -1;
             } else {
-                if (snd_mixer_selem_has_capture_channel(me, c))
-                    r = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB(me, c, &value);
-                else
+                if (snd_mixer_selem_has_capture_channel(me, c)) {
+                    if (e->db_fix) {
+                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_volume(me, c, &value)) >= 0) {
+                            /* If the channel volume is outside the limits set
+                             * by the dB fix, we clamp the hw volume to be
+                             * within the limits. */
+                            if (value < e->db_fix->min_step) {
+                                value = e->db_fix->min_step;
+                                snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_volume(me, c, value);
+                                pa_log_debug("Capture volume for element %s channel %i was below the dB fix limit. "
+                                             "Volume reset to %0.2f dB.", e->alsa_name, c,
+                                             e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step] / 100.0);
+                            } else if (value > e->db_fix->max_step) {
+                                value = e->db_fix->max_step;
+                                snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_volume(me, c, value);
+                                pa_log_debug("Capture volume for element %s channel %i was over the dB fix limit. "
+                                             "Volume reset to %0.2f dB.", e->alsa_name, c,
+                                             e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step] / 100.0);
+                            }
+
+                            /* Volume step -> dB value conversion. */
+                            value = e->db_fix->db_values[value - e->db_fix->min_step];
+                        }
+                    } else
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB(me, c, &value);
+                } else
                     r = -1;
             }
 
@@ -685,7 +730,7 @@ int pa_alsa_path_get_volume(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_ma
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_get_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t *b) {
+static int element_get_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, bool *b) {
     snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
     snd_mixer_elem_t *me;
     snd_mixer_selem_channel_id_t c;
@@ -722,16 +767,16 @@ static int element_get_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t *b)
             continue;
 
         if (!value) {
-            *b = FALSE;
+            *b = false;
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    *b = TRUE;
+    *b = true;
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_path_get_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t *muted) {
+int pa_alsa_path_get_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, bool *muted) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
     pa_assert(m);
@@ -742,7 +787,7 @@ int pa_alsa_path_get_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t *muted) {
         return -1;
 
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
-        pa_bool_t b;
+        bool b;
 
         if (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE)
             continue;
@@ -751,16 +796,99 @@ int pa_alsa_path_get_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t *muted) {
             return -1;
 
         if (!b) {
-            *muted = TRUE;
+            *muted = true;
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    *muted = FALSE;
+    *muted = false;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_set_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_map *cm, pa_cvolume *v, pa_bool_t write_to_hw) {
+/* Finds the closest item in db_fix->db_values and returns the corresponding
+ * step. *db_value is replaced with the value from the db_values table.
+ * Rounding is done based on the rounding parameter: -1 means rounding down and
+ * +1 means rounding up. */
+static long decibel_fix_get_step(pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix, long *db_value, int rounding) {
+    unsigned i = 0;
+    unsigned max_i = 0;
+
+    pa_assert(db_fix);
+    pa_assert(db_value);
+    pa_assert(rounding != 0);
+
+    max_i = db_fix->max_step - db_fix->min_step;
+
+    if (rounding > 0) {
+        for (i = 0; i < max_i; i++) {
+            if (db_fix->db_values[i] >= *db_value)
+                break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (i = 0; i < max_i; i++) {
+            if (db_fix->db_values[i + 1] > *db_value)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *db_value = db_fix->db_values[i];
+
+    return i + db_fix->min_step;
+}
+
+/* Alsa lib documentation says for snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB() direction argument,
+ * that "-1 = accurate or first below, 0 = accurate, 1 = accurate or first above".
+ * But even with accurate nearest dB volume step is not selected, so that is why we need
+ * this function. Returns 0 and nearest selectable volume in *value_dB on success or
+ * negative error code if fails. */
+static int element_get_nearest_alsa_dB(snd_mixer_elem_t *me, snd_mixer_selem_channel_id_t c, pa_alsa_direction_t d, long *value_dB) {
+
+    long alsa_val;
+    long value_high;
+    long value_low;
+    int r = -1;
+
+    pa_assert(me);
+    pa_assert(value_dB);
+
+    if (d == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
+        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_dB_vol(me, *value_dB, +1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value_high);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+            return r;
+
+        if (value_high == *value_dB)
+            return r;
+
+        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_dB_vol(me, *value_dB, -1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value_low);
+    } else {
+        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_dB_vol(me, *value_dB, +1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value_high);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+            return r;
+
+        if (value_high == *value_dB)
+            return r;
+
+        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_dB_vol(me, *value_dB, -1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value_low);
+    }
+
+    if (r < 0)
+        return r;
+
+    if (labs(value_high - *value_dB) < labs(value_low - *value_dB))
+        *value_dB = value_high;
+    else
+        *value_dB = value_low;
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+static int element_set_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_map *cm, pa_cvolume *v, bool deferred_volume, bool write_to_hw) {
 
     snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
     pa_cvolume rv;
@@ -786,11 +914,11 @@ static int element_set_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_chann
     for (c = 0; c <= SND_MIXER_SCHN_LAST; c++) {
         int r;
         pa_volume_t f = PA_VOLUME_MUTED;
-        pa_bool_t found = FALSE;
+        bool found = false;
 
         for (k = 0; k < cm->channels; k++)
             if (e->masks[c][e->n_channels-1] & PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(cm->map[k])) {
-                found = TRUE;
+                found = true;
                 if (v->values[k] > f)
                     f = v->values[k];
             }
@@ -804,31 +932,67 @@ static int element_set_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_chann
 
         if (e->has_dB) {
             long value = to_alsa_dB(f);
+            int rounding;
+
+            if (e->volume_limit >= 0 && value > (e->max_dB * 100))
+                value = e->max_dB * 100;
 
             if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
-                /* If we call set_play_volume() without checking first
-                 * if the channel is available, ALSA behaves ver
+                /* If we call set_playback_volume() without checking first
+                 * if the channel is available, ALSA behaves very
                  * strangely and doesn't fail the call */
                 if (snd_mixer_selem_has_playback_channel(me, c)) {
-                    if (write_to_hw) {
-                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB(me, c, value, +1)) >= 0)
-                            r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB(me, c, &value);
+                    rounding = +1;
+                    if (e->db_fix) {
+                        if (write_to_hw)
+                            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_volume(me, c, decibel_fix_get_step(e->db_fix, &value, rounding));
+                        else {
+                            decibel_fix_get_step(e->db_fix, &value, rounding);
+                            r = 0;
+                        }
+
                     } else {
-                        long alsa_val;
-                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_dB_vol(me, value, +1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
-                            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value);
+                        if (write_to_hw) {
+                            if (deferred_volume) {
+                                if ((r = element_get_nearest_alsa_dB(me, c, PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, &value)) >= 0)
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB(me, c, value, 0);
+                            } else {
+                                if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB(me, c, value, rounding)) >= 0)
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB(me, c, &value);
+                           }
+                        } else {
+                            long alsa_val;
+                            if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_dB_vol(me, value, rounding, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+                                r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value);
+                        }
                     }
                 } else
                     r = -1;
             } else {
                 if (snd_mixer_selem_has_capture_channel(me, c)) {
-                    if (write_to_hw) {
-                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_dB(me, c, value, +1)) >= 0)
-                            r = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB(me, c, &value);
+                    rounding = -1;
+                    if (e->db_fix) {
+                        if (write_to_hw)
+                            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_volume(me, c, decibel_fix_get_step(e->db_fix, &value, rounding));
+                        else {
+                            decibel_fix_get_step(e->db_fix, &value, rounding);
+                            r = 0;
+                        }
+
                     } else {
-                        long alsa_val;
-                        if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_dB_vol(me, value, +1, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
-                            r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value);
+                        if (write_to_hw) {
+                            if (deferred_volume) {
+                                if ((r = element_get_nearest_alsa_dB(me, c, PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT, &value)) >= 0)
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_dB(me, c, value, 0);
+                            } else {
+                                if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_dB(me, c, value, rounding)) >= 0)
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB(me, c, &value);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            long alsa_val;
+                            if ((r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_dB_vol(me, value, rounding, &alsa_val)) >= 0)
+                                r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, alsa_val, &value);
+                        }
                     }
                 } else
                     r = -1;
@@ -884,7 +1048,7 @@ static int element_set_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_chann
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_path_set_volume(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_map *cm, pa_cvolume *v, pa_bool_t write_to_hw) {
+int pa_alsa_path_set_volume(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_map *cm, pa_cvolume *v, bool deferred_volume, bool write_to_hw) {
 
     pa_alsa_element *e;
     pa_cvolume rv;
@@ -910,7 +1074,7 @@ int pa_alsa_path_set_volume(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_ma
         pa_assert(!p->has_dB || e->has_dB);
 
         ev = rv;
-        if (element_set_volume(e, m, cm, &ev, write_to_hw) < 0)
+        if (element_set_volume(e, m, cm, &ev, deferred_volume, write_to_hw) < 0)
             return -1;
 
         if (!p->has_dB) {
@@ -925,7 +1089,7 @@ int pa_alsa_path_set_volume(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, const pa_channel_ma
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_set_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t b) {
+static int element_set_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, bool b) {
     snd_mixer_elem_t *me;
     snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
     int r;
@@ -950,7 +1114,7 @@ static int element_set_switch(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t b) {
     return r;
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_path_set_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t muted) {
+int pa_alsa_path_set_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, bool muted) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
     pa_assert(m);
@@ -971,10 +1135,15 @@ int pa_alsa_path_set_mute(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t muted) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_mute_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
-    snd_mixer_elem_t *me;
-    snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
-    int r;
+/* Depending on whether e->volume_use is _OFF, _ZERO or _CONSTANT, this
+ * function sets all channels of the volume element to e->min_volume, 0 dB or
+ * e->constant_volume. */
+static int element_set_constant_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
+    snd_mixer_elem_t *me = NULL;
+    snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid = NULL;
+    int r = 0;
+    long volume = -1;
+    bool volume_set = false;
 
     pa_assert(m);
     pa_assert(e);
@@ -985,44 +1154,52 @@ static int element_mute_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
-        r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_volume_all(me, e->min_volume);
-    else
-        r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_volume_all(me, e->min_volume);
-
-    if (r < 0)
-        pa_log_warn("Failed to set volume to muted of %s: %s", e->alsa_name, pa_alsa_strerror(errno));
+    switch (e->volume_use) {
+        case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_OFF:
+            volume = e->min_volume;
+            volume_set = true;
+            break;
 
-    return r;
-}
+        case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_ZERO:
+            if (e->db_fix) {
+                long dB = 0;
 
-/* The volume to 0dB */
-static int element_zero_volume(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
-    snd_mixer_elem_t *me;
-    snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
-    int r;
+                volume = decibel_fix_get_step(e->db_fix, &dB, (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT ? +1 : -1));
+                volume_set = true;
+            }
+            break;
 
-    pa_assert(m);
-    pa_assert(e);
+        case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT:
+            volume = e->constant_volume;
+            volume_set = true;
+            break;
 
-    SELEM_INIT(sid, e->alsa_name);
-    if (!(me = snd_mixer_find_selem(m, sid))) {
-        pa_log_warn("Element %s seems to have disappeared.", e->alsa_name);
-        return -1;
+        default:
+            pa_assert_not_reached();
     }
 
-    if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
-        r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB_all(me, 0, +1);
-    else
-        r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_dB_all(me, 0, +1);
+    if (volume_set) {
+        if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_volume_all(me, volume);
+        else
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_volume_all(me, volume);
+    } else {
+        pa_assert(e->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_ZERO);
+        pa_assert(!e->db_fix);
+
+        if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_playback_dB_all(me, 0, +1);
+        else
+            r = snd_mixer_selem_set_capture_dB_all(me, 0, -1);
+    }
 
     if (r < 0)
-        pa_log_warn("Failed to set volume to 0dB of %s: %s", e->alsa_name, pa_alsa_strerror(errno));
+        pa_log_warn("Failed to set volume of %s: %s", e->alsa_name, pa_alsa_strerror(errno));
 
     return r;
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_path_select(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m) {
+int pa_alsa_path_select(pa_alsa_path *p, pa_alsa_setting *s, snd_mixer_t *m, bool device_is_muted) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
     int r = 0;
 
@@ -1032,15 +1209,28 @@ int pa_alsa_path_select(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m) {
     pa_log_debug("Activating path %s", p->name);
     pa_alsa_path_dump(p);
 
+    /* First turn on hw mute if available, to avoid noise
+     * when setting the mixer controls. */
+    if (p->mute_during_activation) {
+        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
+            if (e->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE)
+                /* If the muting fails here, that's not a critical problem for
+                 * selecting a path, so we ignore the return value.
+                 * element_set_switch() will print a warning anyway, so this
+                 * won't be a silent failure either. */
+                (void) element_set_switch(e, m, false);
+        }
+    }
+
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
 
         switch (e->switch_use) {
             case PA_ALSA_SWITCH_OFF:
-                r = element_set_switch(e, m, FALSE);
+                r = element_set_switch(e, m, false);
                 break;
 
             case PA_ALSA_SWITCH_ON:
-                r = element_set_switch(e, m, TRUE);
+                r = element_set_switch(e, m, true);
                 break;
 
             case PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE:
@@ -1055,11 +1245,9 @@ int pa_alsa_path_select(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m) {
 
         switch (e->volume_use) {
             case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_OFF:
-                r = element_mute_volume(e, m);
-                break;
-
             case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_ZERO:
-                r = element_zero_volume(e, m);
+            case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT:
+                r = element_set_constant_volume(e, m);
                 break;
 
             case PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE:
@@ -1072,13 +1260,26 @@ int pa_alsa_path_select(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m) {
             return -1;
     }
 
+    if (s)
+        setting_select(s, m);
+
+    /* Finally restore hw mute to the device mute status. */
+    if (p->mute_during_activation) {
+        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
+            if (e->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE) {
+                if (element_set_switch(e, m, !device_is_muted) < 0)
+                    return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int check_required(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_elem_t *me) {
-    pa_bool_t has_switch;
-    pa_bool_t has_enumeration;
-    pa_bool_t has_volume;
+    bool has_switch;
+    bool has_enumeration;
+    bool has_volume;
 
     pa_assert(e);
     pa_assert(me);
@@ -1123,21 +1324,23 @@ static int check_required(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_elem_t *me) {
 
     if (e->required_any != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE) {
         switch (e->required_any) {
-        case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_VOLUME:
-            e->path->req_any_present |= (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE);
-            break;
-        case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_SWITCH:
-            e->path->req_any_present |= (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE);
-            break;
-        case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ENUMERATION:
-            e->path->req_any_present |= (e->enumeration_use != PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE);
-            break;
-        case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ANY:
-            e->path->req_any_present |=
-                (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE) ||
-                (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE) ||
-                (e->enumeration_use != PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE);
-            break;
+            case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_VOLUME:
+                e->path->req_any_present |= (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE);
+                break;
+            case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_SWITCH:
+                e->path->req_any_present |= (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE);
+                break;
+            case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ENUMERATION:
+                e->path->req_any_present |= (e->enumeration_use != PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE);
+                break;
+            case PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ANY:
+                e->path->req_any_present |=
+                    (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE) ||
+                    (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE) ||
+                    (e->enumeration_use != PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE);
+                break;
+            default:
+                pa_assert_not_reached();
         }
     }
 
@@ -1153,9 +1356,6 @@ static int check_required(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_elem_t *me) {
         }
     }
 
-    if (check_required(e, me) < 0)
-        return -1;
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1165,6 +1365,7 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
 
     pa_assert(m);
     pa_assert(e);
+    pa_assert(e->path);
 
     SELEM_INIT(sid, e->alsa_name);
 
@@ -1201,7 +1402,7 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
         }
 
         if (e->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE)
-            e->direction_try_other = FALSE;
+            e->direction_try_other = false;
     }
 
     if (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE) {
@@ -1229,27 +1430,7 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
             long min_dB = 0, max_dB = 0;
             int r;
 
-            e->direction_try_other = FALSE;
-
-            if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
-                e->has_dB = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB_range(me, &min_dB, &max_dB) >= 0;
-            else
-                e->has_dB = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB_range(me, &min_dB, &max_dB) >= 0;
-
-            if (e->has_dB) {
-#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_MEMCHECK_H
-                VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(&min_dB, sizeof(min_dB));
-                VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(&max_dB, sizeof(max_dB));
-#endif
-
-                e->min_dB = ((double) min_dB) / 100.0;
-                e->max_dB = ((double) max_dB) / 100.0;
-
-                if (min_dB >= max_dB) {
-                    pa_log_warn("Your kernel driver is broken: it reports a volume range from %0.2f dB to %0.2f dB which makes no sense.", e->min_dB, e->max_dB);
-                    e->has_dB = FALSE;
-                }
-            }
+            e->direction_try_other = false;
 
             if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
                 r = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_volume_range(me, &e->min_volume, &e->max_volume);
@@ -1261,15 +1442,126 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
                 return -1;
             }
 
-
             if (e->min_volume >= e->max_volume) {
                 pa_log_warn("Your kernel driver is broken: it reports a volume range from %li to %li which makes no sense.", e->min_volume, e->max_volume);
                 e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE;
 
+            } else if (e->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT &&
+                       (e->min_volume > e->constant_volume || e->max_volume < e->constant_volume)) {
+                pa_log_warn("Constant volume %li configured for element %s, but the available range is from %li to %li.",
+                            e->constant_volume, e->alsa_name, e->min_volume, e->max_volume);
+                e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE;
+
             } else {
-                pa_bool_t is_mono;
+                bool is_mono;
                 pa_channel_position_t p;
 
+                if (e->db_fix &&
+                        ((e->min_volume > e->db_fix->min_step) ||
+                         (e->max_volume < e->db_fix->max_step))) {
+                    pa_log_warn("The step range of the decibel fix for element %s (%li-%li) doesn't fit to the "
+                                "real hardware range (%li-%li). Disabling the decibel fix.", e->alsa_name,
+                                e->db_fix->min_step, e->db_fix->max_step,
+                                e->min_volume, e->max_volume);
+
+                    decibel_fix_free(e->db_fix);
+                    e->db_fix = NULL;
+                }
+
+                if (e->db_fix) {
+                    e->has_dB = true;
+                    e->min_volume = e->db_fix->min_step;
+                    e->max_volume = e->db_fix->max_step;
+                    min_dB = e->db_fix->db_values[0];
+                    max_dB = e->db_fix->db_values[e->db_fix->max_step - e->db_fix->min_step];
+                } else if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+                    e->has_dB = snd_mixer_selem_get_playback_dB_range(me, &min_dB, &max_dB) >= 0;
+                else
+                    e->has_dB = snd_mixer_selem_get_capture_dB_range(me, &min_dB, &max_dB) >= 0;
+
+                /* Check that the kernel driver returns consistent limits with
+                 * both _get_*_dB_range() and _ask_*_vol_dB(). */
+                if (e->has_dB && !e->db_fix) {
+                    long min_dB_checked = 0;
+                    long max_dB_checked = 0;
+
+                    if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, e->min_volume, &min_dB_checked);
+                    else
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, e->min_volume, &min_dB_checked);
+
+                    if (r < 0) {
+                        pa_log_warn("Failed to query the dB value for %s at volume level %li", e->alsa_name, e->min_volume);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, e->max_volume, &max_dB_checked);
+                    else
+                        r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, e->max_volume, &max_dB_checked);
+
+                    if (r < 0) {
+                        pa_log_warn("Failed to query the dB value for %s at volume level %li", e->alsa_name, e->max_volume);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (min_dB != min_dB_checked || max_dB != max_dB_checked) {
+                        pa_log_warn("Your kernel driver is broken: the reported dB range for %s (from %0.2f dB to %0.2f dB) "
+                                    "doesn't match the dB values at minimum and maximum volume levels: %0.2f dB at level %li, "
+                                    "%0.2f dB at level %li.",
+                                    e->alsa_name,
+                                    min_dB / 100.0, max_dB / 100.0,
+                                    min_dB_checked / 100.0, e->min_volume, max_dB_checked / 100.0, e->max_volume);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (e->has_dB) {
+#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_MEMCHECK_H
+                    VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(&min_dB, sizeof(min_dB));
+                    VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(&max_dB, sizeof(max_dB));
+#endif
+
+                    e->min_dB = ((double) min_dB) / 100.0;
+                    e->max_dB = ((double) max_dB) / 100.0;
+
+                    if (min_dB >= max_dB) {
+                        pa_assert(!e->db_fix);
+                        pa_log_warn("Your kernel driver is broken: it reports a volume range from %0.2f dB to %0.2f dB which makes no sense.", e->min_dB, e->max_dB);
+                        e->has_dB = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (e->volume_limit >= 0) {
+                    if (e->volume_limit <= e->min_volume || e->volume_limit > e->max_volume)
+                        pa_log_warn("Volume limit for element %s of path %s is invalid: %li isn't within the valid range "
+                                    "%li-%li. The volume limit is ignored.",
+                                    e->alsa_name, e->path->name, e->volume_limit, e->min_volume + 1, e->max_volume);
+
+                    else {
+                        e->max_volume = e->volume_limit;
+
+                        if (e->has_dB) {
+                            if (e->db_fix) {
+                                e->db_fix->max_step = e->max_volume;
+                                e->max_dB = ((double) e->db_fix->db_values[e->db_fix->max_step - e->db_fix->min_step]) / 100.0;
+
+                            } else {
+                                if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_vol_dB(me, e->max_volume, &max_dB);
+                                else
+                                    r = snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_vol_dB(me, e->max_volume, &max_dB);
+
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                    pa_log_warn("Failed to get dB value of %s: %s", e->alsa_name, pa_alsa_strerror(r));
+                                    e->has_dB = false;
+                                } else
+                                    e->max_dB = ((double) max_dB) / 100.0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
                 if (e->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
                     is_mono = snd_mixer_selem_is_playback_mono(me) > 0;
                 else
@@ -1279,8 +1571,13 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
                     e->n_channels = 1;
 
                     if (!e->override_map) {
-                        for (p = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT; p < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; p++)
+                        for (p = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT; p < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; p++) {
+                            if (alsa_channel_ids[p] == SND_MIXER_SCHN_UNKNOWN)
+                                continue;
+
                             e->masks[alsa_channel_ids[p]][e->n_channels-1] = 0;
+                        }
+
                         e->masks[SND_MIXER_SCHN_MONO][e->n_channels-1] = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK_ALL;
                     }
 
@@ -1303,9 +1600,25 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
                         return -1;
                     }
 
+                    if (e->n_channels > 2) {
+                        /* FIXME: In some places code like this is used:
+                         *
+                         *     e->masks[alsa_channel_ids[p]][e->n_channels-1]
+                         *
+                         * The definition of e->masks is
+                         *
+                         *     pa_channel_position_mask_t masks[SND_MIXER_SCHN_LAST + 1][2];
+                         *
+                         * Since the array size is fixed at 2, we obviously
+                         * don't support elements with more than two
+                         * channels... */
+                        pa_log_warn("Volume element %s has %u channels. That's too much! I can't handle that!", e->alsa_name, e->n_channels);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
                     if (!e->override_map) {
                         for (p = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT; p < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; p++) {
-                            pa_bool_t has_channel;
+                            bool has_channel;
 
                             if (alsa_channel_ids[p] == SND_MIXER_SCHN_UNKNOWN)
                                 continue;
@@ -1320,8 +1633,12 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
                     }
 
                     e->merged_mask = 0;
-                    for (p = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT; p < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; p++)
+                    for (p = PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT; p < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; p++) {
+                        if (alsa_channel_ids[p] == SND_MIXER_SCHN_UNKNOWN)
+                            continue;
+
                         e->merged_mask |= e->masks[alsa_channel_ids[p]][e->n_channels-1];
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1359,10 +1676,33 @@ static int element_probe(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m) {
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    if (check_required(e, me) < 0)
+        return -1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int jack_probe(pa_alsa_jack *j, snd_hctl_t *h) {
+    pa_assert(h);
+    pa_assert(j);
+    pa_assert(j->path);
+
+    j->has_control = pa_alsa_find_jack(h, j->alsa_name) != NULL;
+
+    if (j->has_control) {
+        if (j->required_absent != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE)
+            return -1;
+        if (j->required_any != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE)
+            j->path->req_any_present = true;
+    } else {
+        if (j->required != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE)
+            return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
-static pa_alsa_element* element_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section, pa_bool_t prefixed) {
+static pa_alsa_element* element_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section, bool prefixed) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
     pa_assert(p);
@@ -1390,6 +1730,7 @@ static pa_alsa_element* element_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section, pa_boo
     e->path = p;
     e->alsa_name = pa_xstrdup(section);
     e->direction = p->direction;
+    e->volume_limit = -1;
 
     PA_LLIST_INSERT_AFTER(pa_alsa_element, p->elements, p->last_element, e);
 
@@ -1398,6 +1739,33 @@ finish:
     return e;
 }
 
+static pa_alsa_jack* jack_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section) {
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
+
+    if (!pa_startswith(section, "Jack "))
+        return NULL;
+    section += 5;
+
+    if (p->last_jack && pa_streq(p->last_jack->name, section))
+        return p->last_jack;
+
+    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(j, p->jacks)
+        if (pa_streq(j->name, section))
+            goto finish;
+
+    j = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_jack, 1);
+    j->state_unplugged = PA_AVAILABLE_NO;
+    j->state_plugged = PA_AVAILABLE_YES;
+    j->path = p;
+    j->name = pa_xstrdup(section);
+    j->alsa_name = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s Jack", section);
+    PA_LLIST_INSERT_AFTER(pa_alsa_jack, p->jacks, p->last_jack, j);
+
+finish:
+    p->last_jack = j;
+    return j;
+}
+
 static pa_alsa_option* option_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section) {
     char *en;
     const char *on;
@@ -1423,7 +1791,7 @@ static pa_alsa_option* option_get(pa_alsa_path *p, const char *section) {
         return p->last_option;
     }
 
-    pa_assert_se(e = element_get(p, en, FALSE));
+    pa_assert_se(e = element_get(p, en, false));
     pa_xfree(en);
 
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(o, e->options)
@@ -1445,131 +1813,114 @@ finish:
     return o;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_switch(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_switch(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Switch makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Switch makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "ignore"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "ignore"))
         e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "mute"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "mute"))
         e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "off"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "off"))
         e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_OFF;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "on"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "on"))
         e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_ON;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "select"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "select"))
         e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_SELECT;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Switch invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Switch invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_volume(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_volume(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Volume makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Volume makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "ignore"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "ignore"))
         e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "merge"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "merge"))
         e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "off"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "off"))
         e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_OFF;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "zero"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "zero"))
         e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_ZERO;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Volume invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
-        return -1;
+        uint32_t constant;
+
+        if (pa_atou(state->rvalue, &constant) >= 0) {
+            e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT;
+            e->constant_volume = constant;
+        } else {
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] Volume invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_enumeration(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_enumeration(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Enumeration makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Enumeration makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "ignore"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "ignore"))
         e->enumeration_use = PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "select"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "select"))
         e->enumeration_use = PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_SELECT;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Enumeration invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Enumeration invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int option_parse_priority(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int option_parse_priority(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_option *o;
     uint32_t prio;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(o = option_get(p, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(o = option_get(p, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_atou(rvalue, &prio) < 0) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (pa_atou(state->rvalue, &prio) < 0) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1577,146 +1928,135 @@ static int option_parse_priority(
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int option_parse_name(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int option_parse_name(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_option *o;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(o = option_get(p, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Name makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(o = option_get(p, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Name makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     pa_xfree(o->name);
-    o->name = pa_xstrdup(rvalue);
+    o->name = pa_xstrdup(state->rvalue);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_required(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_required(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
     pa_alsa_option *o;
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
     pa_alsa_required_t req;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    e = element_get(p, section, TRUE);
-    o = option_get(p, section);
-    if (!e && !o) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Required makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    e = element_get(p, state->section, true);
+    o = option_get(p, state->section);
+    j = jack_get(p, state->section);
+    if (!e && !o && !j) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Required makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "ignore"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "ignore"))
         req = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "switch") && e)
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "switch") && e)
         req = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_SWITCH;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "volume") && e)
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "volume") && e)
         req = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_VOLUME;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "enumeration"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "enumeration"))
         req = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ENUMERATION;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "any"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "any"))
         req = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ANY;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Required invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Required invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(lvalue, "required-absent")) {
+    if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "required-absent")) {
         if (e)
             e->required_absent = req;
         if (o)
             o->required_absent = req;
+        if (j)
+            j->required_absent = req;
     }
-    else if (pa_streq(lvalue, "required-any")) {
+    else if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "required-any")) {
         if (e) {
             e->required_any = req;
-            e->path->has_req_any = TRUE;
+            e->path->has_req_any |= (req != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE);
         }
         if (o) {
             o->required_any = req;
-            o->element->path->has_req_any = TRUE;
+            o->element->path->has_req_any |= (req != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE);
+        }
+        if (j) {
+            j->required_any = req;
+            j->path->has_req_any |= (req != PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_IGNORE);
         }
+
     }
     else {
         if (e)
             e->required = req;
         if (o)
             o->required = req;
+        if (j)
+            j->required = req;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_direction(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_direction(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "playback"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "playback"))
         e->direction = PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "capture"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "capture"))
         e->direction = PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_direction_try_other(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_direction_try_other(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
     int yes;
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((yes = pa_parse_boolean(rvalue)) < 0) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if ((yes = pa_parse_boolean(state->rvalue)) < 0) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1724,6 +2064,29 @@ static int element_parse_direction_try_other(
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int element_parse_volume_limit(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
+    pa_alsa_element *e;
+    long volume_limit;
+
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] volume-limit makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (pa_atol(state->rvalue, &volume_limit) < 0 || volume_limit < 0) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Invalid value for volume-limit", state->filename, state->lineno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    e->volume_limit = volume_limit;
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static pa_channel_position_mask_t parse_mask(const char *m) {
     pa_channel_position_mask_t v;
 
@@ -1757,40 +2120,36 @@ static pa_channel_position_mask_t parse_mask(const char *m) {
     return v;
 }
 
-static int element_parse_override_map(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_path *p = userdata;
+static int element_parse_override_map(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
-    const char *state = NULL;
+    const char *split_state = NULL;
     unsigned i = 0;
     char *n;
 
-    if (!(e = element_get(p, section, TRUE))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Override map makes no sense in '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(e = element_get(p, state->section, true))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Override map makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    while ((n = pa_split(rvalue, ",", &state))) {
+    while ((n = pa_split(state->rvalue, ",", &split_state))) {
         pa_channel_position_mask_t m;
 
         if (!*n)
             m = 0;
         else {
             if ((m = parse_mask(n)) == 0) {
-                pa_log("[%s:%u] Override map '%s' invalid in '%s'", filename, line, n, section);
+                pa_log("[%s:%u] Override map '%s' invalid in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, n, state->section);
                 pa_xfree(n);
                 return -1;
             }
         }
 
-        if (pa_streq(lvalue, "override-map.1"))
+        if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "override-map.1"))
             e->masks[i++][0] = m;
         else
             e->masks[i++][1] = m;
@@ -1800,7 +2159,42 @@ static int element_parse_override_map(
         pa_xfree(n);
     }
 
-    e->override_map = TRUE;
+    e->override_map = true;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int jack_parse_state(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
+    pa_available_t pa;
+
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    p = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(j = jack_get(p, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] state makes no sense in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "yes"))
+        pa = PA_AVAILABLE_YES;
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "no"))
+        pa = PA_AVAILABLE_NO;
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "unknown"))
+        pa = PA_AVAILABLE_UNKNOWN;
+    else {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] state must be 'yes', 'no' or 'unknown' in '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "state.unplugged"))
+        j->state_unplugged = pa;
+    else {
+        j->state_plugged = pa;
+        pa_assert(pa_streq(state->lvalue, "state.plugged"));
+    }
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1839,7 +2233,7 @@ static int element_set_option(pa_alsa_element *e, snd_mixer_t *m, int alsa_idx)
     return r;
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_setting_select(pa_alsa_setting *s, snd_mixer_t *m) {
+static int setting_select(pa_alsa_setting *s, snd_mixer_t *m) {
     pa_alsa_option *o;
     uint32_t idx;
 
@@ -1857,8 +2251,8 @@ static int option_verify(pa_alsa_option *o) {
         { "input",                     N_("Input") },
         { "input-docking",             N_("Docking Station Input") },
         { "input-docking-microphone",  N_("Docking Station Microphone") },
-        { "input-docking-linein",      N_("Docking Station Line-In") },
-        { "input-linein",              N_("Line-In") },
+        { "input-docking-linein",      N_("Docking Station Line In") },
+        { "input-linein",              N_("Line In") },
         { "input-microphone",          N_("Microphone") },
         { "input-microphone-front",    N_("Front Microphone") },
         { "input-microphone-rear",     N_("Rear Microphone") },
@@ -1937,21 +2331,25 @@ static int element_verify(pa_alsa_element *e) {
 static int path_verify(pa_alsa_path *p) {
     static const struct description_map well_known_descriptions[] = {
         { "analog-input",               N_("Analog Input") },
-        { "analog-input-microphone",    N_("Analog Microphone") },
+        { "analog-input-microphone",    N_("Microphone") },
         { "analog-input-microphone-front",    N_("Front Microphone") },
         { "analog-input-microphone-rear",     N_("Rear Microphone") },
-        { "analog-input-microphone-dock",     N_("Docking Station Microphone") },
+        { "analog-input-microphone-dock",     N_("Dock Microphone") },
         { "analog-input-microphone-internal", N_("Internal Microphone") },
-        { "analog-input-linein",        N_("Analog Line-In") },
-        { "analog-input-radio",         N_("Analog Radio") },
-        { "analog-input-video",         N_("Analog Video") },
+        { "analog-input-microphone-headset",  N_("Headset Microphone") },
+        { "analog-input-linein",        N_("Line In") },
+        { "analog-input-radio",         N_("Radio") },
+        { "analog-input-video",         N_("Video") },
         { "analog-output",              N_("Analog Output") },
-        { "analog-output-headphones",   N_("Analog Headphones") },
-        { "analog-output-lfe-on-mono",  N_("Analog Output (LFE)") },
+        { "analog-output-headphones",   N_("Headphones") },
+        { "analog-output-lfe-on-mono",  N_("LFE on Separate Mono Output") },
+        { "analog-output-lineout",      N_("Line Out") },
         { "analog-output-mono",         N_("Analog Mono Output") },
-        { "analog-output-speaker",      N_("Analog Speakers") },
-        { "iec958-stereo-output",       N_("Digital Output (IEC958)") },
-        { "iec958-passthrough-output",  N_("Digital Passthrough (IEC958)") }
+        { "analog-output-speaker",      N_("Speakers") },
+        { "hdmi-output",                N_("HDMI / DisplayPort") },
+        { "iec958-stereo-output",       N_("Digital Output (S/PDIF)") },
+        { "iec958-stereo-input",        N_("Digital Input (S/PDIF)") },
+        { "iec958-passthrough-output",  N_("Digital Passthrough (S/PDIF)") }
     };
 
     pa_alsa_element *e;
@@ -1963,32 +2361,50 @@ static int path_verify(pa_alsa_path *p) {
             return -1;
 
     if (!p->description)
-        p->description = pa_xstrdup(lookup_description(p->name,
+        p->description = pa_xstrdup(lookup_description(p->description_key ? p->description_key : p->name,
                                                        well_known_descriptions,
                                                        PA_ELEMENTSOF(well_known_descriptions)));
 
-    if (!p->description)
+    if (!p->description) {
+        if (p->description_key)
+            pa_log_warn("Path %s: Unrecognized description key: %s", p->name, p->description_key);
+
         p->description = pa_xstrdup(p->name);
+    }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_new(const char *fname, pa_alsa_direction_t direction) {
+static const char *get_default_paths_dir(void) {
+    if (pa_run_from_build_tree())
+        return PA_SRCDIR "/modules/alsa/mixer/paths/";
+    else
+        return PA_ALSA_PATHS_DIR;
+}
+
+pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_new(const char *paths_dir, const char *fname, pa_alsa_direction_t direction) {
     pa_alsa_path *p;
     char *fn;
     int r;
     const char *n;
+    bool mute_during_activation = false;
 
     pa_config_item items[] = {
         /* [General] */
         { "priority",            pa_config_parse_unsigned,          NULL, "General" },
+        { "description-key",     pa_config_parse_string,            NULL, "General" },
         { "description",         pa_config_parse_string,            NULL, "General" },
-        { "name",                pa_config_parse_string,            NULL, "General" },
+        { "mute-during-activation", pa_config_parse_bool,           NULL, "General" },
+        { "eld-device",          pa_config_parse_int,               NULL, "General" },
 
         /* [Option ...] */
         { "priority",            option_parse_priority,             NULL, NULL },
         { "name",                option_parse_name,                 NULL, NULL },
 
+        /* [Jack ...] */
+        { "state.plugged",       jack_parse_state,                  NULL, NULL },
+        { "state.unplugged",     jack_parse_state,                  NULL, NULL },
+
         /* [Element ...] */
         { "switch",              element_parse_switch,              NULL, NULL },
         { "volume",              element_parse_volume,              NULL, NULL },
@@ -2001,6 +2417,7 @@ pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_new(const char *fname, pa_alsa_direction_t direction)
         { "required-absent",     element_parse_required,            NULL, NULL },
         { "direction",           element_parse_direction,           NULL, NULL },
         { "direction-try-other", element_parse_direction_try_other, NULL, NULL },
+        { "volume-limit",        element_parse_volume_limit,        NULL, NULL },
         { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
     };
 
@@ -2009,24 +2426,29 @@ pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_new(const char *fname, pa_alsa_direction_t direction)
     p = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_path, 1);
     n = pa_path_get_filename(fname);
     p->name = pa_xstrndup(n, strcspn(n, "."));
+    p->proplist = pa_proplist_new();
     p->direction = direction;
+    p->eld_device = -1;
 
     items[0].data = &p->priority;
-    items[1].data = &p->description;
-    items[2].data = &p->name;
+    items[1].data = &p->description_key;
+    items[2].data = &p->description;
+    items[3].data = &mute_during_activation;
+    items[4].data = &p->eld_device;
 
-    fn = pa_maybe_prefix_path(fname,
-#if defined(__linux__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
-                              pa_run_from_build_tree() ? PA_BUILDDIR "/modules/alsa/mixer/paths/" :
-#endif
-                              PA_ALSA_PATHS_DIR);
+    if (!paths_dir)
+        paths_dir = get_default_paths_dir();
+
+    fn = pa_maybe_prefix_path(fname, paths_dir);
 
-    r = pa_config_parse(fn, NULL, items, p);
+    r = pa_config_parse(fn, NULL, items, p->proplist, p);
     pa_xfree(fn);
 
     if (r < 0)
         goto fail;
 
+    p->mute_during_activation = mute_during_activation;
+
     if (path_verify(p) < 0)
         goto fail;
 
@@ -2037,7 +2459,7 @@ fail:
     return NULL;
 }
 
-pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_synthesize(const char*element, pa_alsa_direction_t direction) {
+pa_alsa_path *pa_alsa_path_synthesize(const char *element, pa_alsa_direction_t direction) {
     pa_alsa_path *p;
     pa_alsa_element *e;
 
@@ -2051,6 +2473,7 @@ pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_synthesize(const char*element, pa_alsa_direction_t di
     e->path = p;
     e->alsa_name = pa_xstrdup(element);
     e->direction = direction;
+    e->volume_limit = -1;
 
     e->switch_use = PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE;
     e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE;
@@ -2060,7 +2483,7 @@ pa_alsa_path* pa_alsa_path_synthesize(const char*element, pa_alsa_direction_t di
     return p;
 }
 
-static pa_bool_t element_drop_unsupported(pa_alsa_element *e) {
+static bool element_drop_unsupported(pa_alsa_element *e) {
     pa_alsa_option *o, *n;
 
     pa_assert(e);
@@ -2136,7 +2559,7 @@ static void path_make_options_unique(pa_alsa_path *p) {
     }
 }
 
-static pa_bool_t element_create_settings(pa_alsa_element *e, pa_alsa_setting *template) {
+static bool element_create_settings(pa_alsa_element *e, pa_alsa_setting *template) {
     pa_alsa_option *o;
 
     for (; e; e = e->next)
@@ -2145,18 +2568,18 @@ static pa_bool_t element_create_settings(pa_alsa_element *e, pa_alsa_setting *te
             break;
 
     if (!e)
-        return FALSE;
+        return false;
 
     for (o = e->options; o; o = o->next) {
         pa_alsa_setting *s;
 
         if (template) {
             s = pa_xnewdup(pa_alsa_setting, template, 1);
-            s->options = pa_idxset_copy(template->options);
-            s->name = pa_sprintf_malloc(_("%s+%s"), template->name, o->name);
+            s->options = pa_idxset_copy(template->options, NULL);
+            s->name = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s+%s", template->name, o->name);
             s->description =
                 (template->description[0] && o->description[0])
-                ? pa_sprintf_malloc(_("%s / %s"), template->description, o->description)
+                ? pa_sprintf_malloc("%s / %s", template->description, o->description)
                 : (template->description[0]
                    ? pa_xstrdup(template->description)
                    : pa_xstrdup(o->description));
@@ -2183,7 +2606,7 @@ static pa_bool_t element_create_settings(pa_alsa_element *e, pa_alsa_setting *te
         }
     }
 
-    return TRUE;
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void path_create_settings(pa_alsa_path *p) {
@@ -2192,31 +2615,44 @@ static void path_create_settings(pa_alsa_path *p) {
     element_create_settings(p->elements, NULL);
 }
 
-int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
+int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, snd_hctl_t *hctl, bool ignore_dB) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
     double min_dB[PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX], max_dB[PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX];
     pa_channel_position_t t;
+    pa_channel_position_mask_t path_volume_channels = 0;
 
     pa_assert(p);
     pa_assert(m);
 
     if (p->probed)
-        return 0;
+        return p->supported ? 0 : -1;
+    p->probed = true;
 
     pa_zero(min_dB);
     pa_zero(max_dB);
 
     pa_log_debug("Probing path '%s'", p->name);
 
+    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(j, p->jacks) {
+        if (jack_probe(j, hctl) < 0) {
+            p->supported = false;
+            pa_log_debug("Probe of jack '%s' failed.", j->alsa_name);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        pa_log_debug("Probe of jack '%s' succeeded (%s)", j->alsa_name, j->has_control ? "found!" : "not found");
+    }
+
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
         if (element_probe(e, m) < 0) {
-            p->supported = FALSE;
+            p->supported = false;
             pa_log_debug("Probe of element '%s' failed.", e->alsa_name);
             return -1;
         }
+        pa_log_debug("Probe of element '%s' succeeded (volume=%d, switch=%d, enumeration=%d).", e->alsa_name, e->volume_use, e->switch_use, e->enumeration_use);
 
         if (ignore_dB)
-            e->has_dB = FALSE;
+            e->has_dB = false;
 
         if (e->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE) {
 
@@ -2231,9 +2667,10 @@ int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
                         if (PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(t) & e->merged_mask) {
                             min_dB[t] = e->min_dB;
                             max_dB[t] = e->max_dB;
+                            path_volume_channels |= PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(t);
                         }
 
-                    p->has_dB = TRUE;
+                    p->has_dB = true;
                 } else {
 
                     if (p->has_dB) {
@@ -2241,6 +2678,7 @@ int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
                             if (PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(t) & e->merged_mask) {
                                 min_dB[t] += e->min_dB;
                                 max_dB[t] += e->max_dB;
+                                path_volume_channels |= PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(t);
                             }
                     } else {
                         /* Hmm, there's another element before us
@@ -2250,19 +2688,20 @@ int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
                         pa_log_info("Zeroing volume of '%s' on path '%s'", e->alsa_name, p->name);
                     }
                 }
-            } else if (p->has_volume)
+            } else if (p->has_volume) {
                 /* We can't use this volume, so let's ignore it */
                 e->volume_use = PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE;
-
-            p->has_volume = TRUE;
+                pa_log_info("Ignoring volume of '%s' on path '%s' (missing dB info)", e->alsa_name, p->name);
+            }
+            p->has_volume = true;
         }
 
         if (e->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE)
-            p->has_mute = TRUE;
+            p->has_mute = true;
     }
 
     if (p->has_req_any && !p->req_any_present) {
-        p->supported = FALSE;
+        p->supported = false;
         pa_log_debug("Skipping path '%s', none of required-any elements preset.", p->name);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2271,18 +2710,19 @@ int pa_alsa_path_probe(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
     path_make_options_unique(p);
     path_create_settings(p);
 
-    p->supported = TRUE;
-    p->probed = TRUE;
+    p->supported = true;
 
     p->min_dB = INFINITY;
     p->max_dB = -INFINITY;
 
     for (t = 0; t < PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MAX; t++) {
-        if (p->min_dB > min_dB[t])
-            p->min_dB = min_dB[t];
+        if (path_volume_channels & PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MASK(t)) {
+            if (p->min_dB > min_dB[t])
+                p->min_dB = min_dB[t];
 
-        if (p->max_dB < max_dB[t])
-            p->max_dB = max_dB[t];
+            if (p->max_dB < max_dB[t])
+                p->max_dB = max_dB[t];
+        }
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -2297,6 +2737,12 @@ void pa_alsa_setting_dump(pa_alsa_setting *s) {
                  s->priority);
 }
 
+void pa_alsa_jack_dump(pa_alsa_jack *j) {
+    pa_assert(j);
+
+    pa_log_debug("Jack %s, alsa_name='%s', detection %s", j->name, j->alsa_name, j->has_control ? "possible" : "unavailable");
+}
+
 void pa_alsa_option_dump(pa_alsa_option *o) {
     pa_assert(o);
 
@@ -2312,11 +2758,12 @@ void pa_alsa_element_dump(pa_alsa_element *e) {
     pa_alsa_option *o;
     pa_assert(e);
 
-    pa_log_debug("Element %s, direction=%i, switch=%i, volume=%i, enumeration=%i, required=%i, required_any=%i, required_absent=%i, mask=0x%llx, n_channels=%u, override_map=%s",
+    pa_log_debug("Element %s, direction=%i, switch=%i, volume=%i, volume_limit=%li, enumeration=%i, required=%i, required_any=%i, required_absent=%i, mask=0x%llx, n_channels=%u, override_map=%s",
                  e->alsa_name,
                  e->direction,
                  e->switch_use,
                  e->volume_use,
+                 e->volume_limit,
                  e->enumeration_use,
                  e->required,
                  e->required_any,
@@ -2331,6 +2778,7 @@ void pa_alsa_element_dump(pa_alsa_element *e) {
 
 void pa_alsa_path_dump(pa_alsa_path *p) {
     pa_alsa_element *e;
+    pa_alsa_jack *j;
     pa_alsa_setting *s;
     pa_assert(p);
 
@@ -2351,6 +2799,9 @@ void pa_alsa_path_dump(pa_alsa_path *p) {
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements)
         pa_alsa_element_dump(e);
 
+    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(j, p->jacks)
+        pa_alsa_jack_dump(j);
+
     PA_LLIST_FOREACH(s, p->settings)
         pa_alsa_setting_dump(s);
 }
@@ -2386,20 +2837,55 @@ void pa_alsa_path_set_callback(pa_alsa_path *p, snd_mixer_t *m, snd_mixer_elem_c
 
 void pa_alsa_path_set_set_callback(pa_alsa_path_set *ps, snd_mixer_t *m, snd_mixer_elem_callback_t cb, void *userdata) {
     pa_alsa_path *p;
+    void *state;
 
     pa_assert(ps);
     pa_assert(m);
     pa_assert(cb);
 
-    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(p, ps->paths)
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state)
         pa_alsa_path_set_callback(p, m, cb, userdata);
 }
 
-pa_alsa_path_set *pa_alsa_path_set_new(pa_alsa_mapping *m, pa_alsa_direction_t direction) {
+static pa_alsa_path *profile_set_get_path(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *path_name) {
+    pa_alsa_path *path;
+
+    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(path_name);
+
+    if ((path = pa_hashmap_get(ps->output_paths, path_name)))
+        return path;
+
+    return pa_hashmap_get(ps->input_paths, path_name);
+}
+
+static void profile_set_add_path(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, pa_alsa_path *path) {
+    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(path);
+
+    switch (path->direction) {
+        case PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT:
+            pa_assert_se(pa_hashmap_put(ps->output_paths, path->name, path) >= 0);
+            break;
+
+        case PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT:
+            pa_assert_se(pa_hashmap_put(ps->input_paths, path->name, path) >= 0);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            pa_assert_not_reached();
+    }
+}
+
+pa_alsa_path_set *pa_alsa_path_set_new(pa_alsa_mapping *m, pa_alsa_direction_t direction, const char *paths_dir) {
     pa_alsa_path_set *ps;
     char **pn = NULL, **en = NULL, **ie;
+    pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix;
+    void *state, *state2;
 
     pa_assert(m);
+    pa_assert(m->profile_set);
+    pa_assert(m->profile_set->decibel_fixes);
     pa_assert(direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT || direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT);
 
     if (m->direction != PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_ANY && m->direction != direction)
@@ -2407,59 +2893,66 @@ pa_alsa_path_set *pa_alsa_path_set_new(pa_alsa_mapping *m, pa_alsa_direction_t d
 
     ps = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_path_set, 1);
     ps->direction = direction;
+    ps->paths = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_trivial_hash_func, pa_idxset_trivial_compare_func);
 
     if (direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
         pn = m->output_path_names;
-    else if (direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT)
+    else
         pn = m->input_path_names;
 
     if (pn) {
         char **in;
 
         for (in = pn; *in; in++) {
-            pa_alsa_path *p;
-            pa_bool_t duplicate = FALSE;
-            char **kn, *fn;
+            pa_alsa_path *p = NULL;
+            bool duplicate = false;
+            char **kn;
 
-            for (kn = pn; kn != in; kn++)
+            for (kn = pn; kn < in; kn++)
                 if (pa_streq(*kn, *in)) {
-                    duplicate = TRUE;
+                    duplicate = true;
                     break;
                 }
 
             if (duplicate)
                 continue;
 
-            fn = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s.conf", *in);
+            p = profile_set_get_path(m->profile_set, *in);
+
+            if (p && p->direction != direction) {
+                pa_log("Configuration error: Path %s is used both as an input and as an output path.", p->name);
+                goto fail;
+            }
 
-            if ((p = pa_alsa_path_new(fn, direction))) {
-                p->path_set = ps;
-                PA_LLIST_INSERT_AFTER(pa_alsa_path, ps->paths, ps->last_path, p);
-                ps->last_path = p;
+            if (!p) {
+                char *fn = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s.conf", *in);
+                p = pa_alsa_path_new(paths_dir, fn, direction);
+                pa_xfree(fn);
+                if (p)
+                    profile_set_add_path(m->profile_set, p);
             }
 
-            pa_xfree(fn);
+            if (p)
+                pa_hashmap_put(ps->paths, p, p);
+
         }
 
-        return ps;
+        goto finish;
     }
 
     if (direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
         en = m->output_element;
-    else if (direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT)
+    else
         en = m->input_element;
 
-    if (!en) {
-        pa_alsa_path_set_free(ps);
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    if (!en)
+        goto fail;
 
     for (ie = en; *ie; ie++) {
         char **je;
         pa_alsa_path *p;
 
         p = pa_alsa_path_synthesize(*ie, direction);
-        p->path_set = ps;
 
         /* Mark all other passed elements for require-absent */
         for (je = en; *je; je++) {
@@ -2473,132 +2966,328 @@ pa_alsa_path_set *pa_alsa_path_set_new(pa_alsa_mapping *m, pa_alsa_direction_t d
             e->alsa_name = pa_xstrdup(*je);
             e->direction = direction;
             e->required_absent = PA_ALSA_REQUIRED_ANY;
+            e->volume_limit = -1;
 
             PA_LLIST_INSERT_AFTER(pa_alsa_element, p->elements, p->last_element, e);
             p->last_element = e;
         }
 
-        PA_LLIST_INSERT_AFTER(pa_alsa_path, ps->paths, ps->last_path, p);
-        ps->last_path = p;
+        pa_hashmap_put(ps->paths, *ie, p);
+    }
+
+finish:
+    /* Assign decibel fixes to elements. */
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(db_fix, m->profile_set->decibel_fixes, state) {
+        pa_alsa_path *p;
+
+        PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state2) {
+            pa_alsa_element *e;
+
+            PA_LLIST_FOREACH(e, p->elements) {
+                if (e->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE && pa_streq(db_fix->name, e->alsa_name)) {
+                    /* The profile set that contains the dB fix may be freed
+                     * before the element, so we have to copy the dB fix
+                     * object. */
+                    e->db_fix = pa_xnewdup(pa_alsa_decibel_fix, db_fix, 1);
+                    e->db_fix->profile_set = NULL;
+                    e->db_fix->name = pa_xstrdup(db_fix->name);
+                    e->db_fix->db_values = pa_xmemdup(db_fix->db_values, (db_fix->max_step - db_fix->min_step + 1) * sizeof(long));
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     return ps;
+
+fail:
+    if (ps)
+        pa_alsa_path_set_free(ps);
+
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 void pa_alsa_path_set_dump(pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
     pa_alsa_path *p;
+    void *state;
     pa_assert(ps);
 
-    pa_log_debug("Path Set %p, direction=%i, probed=%s",
+    pa_log_debug("Path Set %p, direction=%i",
                  (void*) ps,
-                 ps->direction,
-                 pa_yes_no(ps->probed));
+                 ps->direction);
 
-    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(p, ps->paths)
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state)
         pa_alsa_path_dump(p);
 }
 
-static void path_set_unify(pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
-    pa_alsa_path *p;
-    pa_bool_t has_dB = TRUE, has_volume = TRUE, has_mute = TRUE;
-    pa_assert(ps);
-
-    /* We have issues dealing with paths that vary too wildly. That
-     * means for now we have to have all paths support volume/mute/dB
-     * or none. */
-
-    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(p, ps->paths) {
-        pa_assert(p->probed);
+static bool options_have_option(pa_alsa_option *options, const char *alsa_name) {
+    pa_alsa_option *o;
 
-        if (!p->has_volume)
-            has_volume = FALSE;
-        else if (!p->has_dB)
-            has_dB = FALSE;
+    pa_assert(options);
+    pa_assert(alsa_name);
 
-        if (!p->has_mute)
-            has_mute = FALSE;
+    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(o, options) {
+        if (pa_streq(o->alsa_name, alsa_name))
+            return true;
     }
+    return false;
+}
 
-    if (!has_volume || !has_dB || !has_mute) {
-
-        if (!has_volume)
-            pa_log_debug("Some paths of the device lack hardware volume control, disabling hardware control altogether.");
-        else if (!has_dB)
-            pa_log_debug("Some paths of the device lack dB information, disabling dB logic altogether.");
-
-        if (!has_mute)
-            pa_log_debug("Some paths of the device lack hardware mute control, disabling hardware control altogether.");
+static bool enumeration_is_subset(pa_alsa_option *a_options, pa_alsa_option *b_options) {
+    pa_alsa_option *oa, *ob;
 
-        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(p, ps->paths) {
-            if (!has_volume)
-                p->has_volume = FALSE;
-            else if (!has_dB)
-                p->has_dB = FALSE;
+    if (!a_options) return true;
+    if (!b_options) return false;
 
-            if (!has_mute)
-                p->has_mute = FALSE;
+    /* If there is an option A offers that B does not, then A is not a subset of B. */
+    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(oa, a_options) {
+        bool found = false;
+        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(ob, b_options) {
+            if (pa_streq(oa->alsa_name, ob->alsa_name)) {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
         }
+        if (!found)
+            return false;
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
-static void path_set_make_paths_unique(pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
-    pa_alsa_path *p, *q;
+/**
+ *  Compares two elements to see if a is a subset of b
+ */
+static bool element_is_subset(pa_alsa_element *a, pa_alsa_element *b, snd_mixer_t *m) {
+    pa_assert(a);
+    pa_assert(b);
+    pa_assert(m);
 
-    PA_LLIST_FOREACH(p, ps->paths) {
-        unsigned i;
-        char *m;
+    /* General rules:
+     * Every state is a subset of itself (with caveats for volume_limits and options)
+     * IGNORE is a subset of every other state */
 
-        for (q = p->next; q; q = q->next)
-            if (pa_streq(q->name, p->name))
-                break;
+    /* Check the volume_use */
+    if (a->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_IGNORE) {
 
-        if (!q)
-            continue;
+        /* "Constant" is subset of "Constant" only when their constant values are equal */
+        if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT && b->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT && a->constant_volume != b->constant_volume)
+            return false;
 
-        m = pa_xstrdup(p->name);
+        /* Different volume uses when b is not "Merge" means we are definitely not a subset */
+        if (a->volume_use != b->volume_use && b->volume_use != PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE)
+            return false;
 
-        /* OK, this name is not unique, hence let's rename */
-        for (i = 1, q = p; q; q = q->next) {
-            char *nn, *nd;
+        /* "Constant" is a subset of "Merge", if there is not a "volume-limit" in "Merge" below the actual constant.
+         * "Zero" and "Off" are just special cases of "Constant" when comparing to "Merge"
+         * "Merge" with a "volume-limit" is a subset of "Merge" without a "volume-limit" or with a higher "volume-limit" */
+        if (b->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE && b->volume_limit >= 0) {
+            long a_limit;
 
-            if (!pa_streq(q->name, m))
-                continue;
+            if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_CONSTANT)
+                a_limit = a->constant_volume;
+            else if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_ZERO) {
+                long dB = 0;
 
-            nn = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s-%u", m, i);
-            pa_xfree(q->name);
-            q->name = nn;
+                if (a->db_fix) {
+                    int rounding = (a->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT ? +1 : -1);
+                    a_limit = decibel_fix_get_step(a->db_fix, &dB, rounding);
+                } else {
+                    snd_mixer_selem_id_t *sid;
+                    snd_mixer_elem_t *me;
 
-            nd = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s %u", q->description, i);
-            pa_xfree(q->description);
-            q->description = nd;
+                    SELEM_INIT(sid, a->alsa_name);
+                    if (!(me = snd_mixer_find_selem(m, sid))) {
+                        pa_log_warn("Element %s seems to have disappeared.", a->alsa_name);
+                        return false;
+                    }
 
-            i++;
+                    if (a->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
+                        if (snd_mixer_selem_ask_playback_dB_vol(me, dB, +1, &a_limit) < 0)
+                            return false;
+                    } else {
+                        if (snd_mixer_selem_ask_capture_dB_vol(me, dB, -1, &a_limit) < 0)
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_OFF)
+                a_limit = a->min_volume;
+            else if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE)
+                a_limit = a->volume_limit;
+            else
+                /* This should never be reached */
+                pa_assert(false);
+
+            if (a_limit > b->volume_limit)
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (a->volume_use == PA_ALSA_VOLUME_MERGE) {
+            int s;
+            /* If override-maps are different, they're not subsets */
+            if (a->n_channels != b->n_channels)
+                return false;
+            for (s = 0; s <= SND_MIXER_SCHN_LAST; s++)
+                if (a->masks[s][a->n_channels-1] != b->masks[s][b->n_channels-1]) {
+                    pa_log_debug("Element %s is not a subset - mask a: 0x%" PRIx64 ", mask b: 0x%" PRIx64 ", at channel %d",
+                        a->alsa_name, a->masks[s][a->n_channels-1], b->masks[s][b->n_channels-1], s);
+                    return false;
+               }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (a->switch_use != PA_ALSA_SWITCH_IGNORE) {
+        /* "On" is a subset of "Mute".
+         * "Off" is a subset of "Mute".
+         * "On" is a subset of "Select", if there is an "Option:On" in B.
+         * "Off" is a subset of "Select", if there is an "Option:Off" in B.
+         * "Select" is a subset of "Select", if they have the same options (is this always true?). */
+
+        if (a->switch_use != b->switch_use) {
+
+            if (a->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_SELECT || a->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_MUTE
+                || b->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_OFF || b->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_ON)
+                return false;
+
+            if (b->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_SELECT) {
+                if (a->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_ON) {
+                    if (!options_have_option(b->options, "on"))
+                        return false;
+                } else if (a->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_OFF) {
+                    if (!options_have_option(b->options, "off"))
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (a->switch_use == PA_ALSA_SWITCH_SELECT) {
+            if (!enumeration_is_subset(a->options, b->options))
+                return false;
         }
+    }
 
-        pa_xfree(m);
+    if (a->enumeration_use != PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE) {
+        if (b->enumeration_use == PA_ALSA_ENUMERATION_IGNORE)
+            return false;
+        if (!enumeration_is_subset(a->options, b->options))
+            return false;
     }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
-void pa_alsa_path_set_probe(pa_alsa_path_set *ps, snd_mixer_t *m, pa_bool_t ignore_dB) {
-    pa_alsa_path *p, *n;
+static void path_set_condense(pa_alsa_path_set *ps, snd_mixer_t *m) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
+    void *state;
 
     pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(m);
 
-    if (ps->probed)
+    /* If we only have one path, then don't bother */
+    if (pa_hashmap_size(ps->paths) < 2)
         return;
 
-    for (p = ps->paths; p; p = n) {
-        n = p->next;
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state) {
+        pa_alsa_path *p2;
+        void *state2;
+
+        PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p2, ps->paths, state2) {
+            pa_alsa_element *ea, *eb;
+            pa_alsa_jack *ja, *jb;
+            bool is_subset = true;
+
+            if (p == p2)
+                continue;
+
+            /* If a has a jack that b does not have, a is not a subset */
+            PA_LLIST_FOREACH(ja, p->jacks) {
+                bool exists = false;
+
+                if (!ja->has_control)
+                    continue;
+
+                PA_LLIST_FOREACH(jb, p2->jacks) {
+                    if (jb->has_control && pa_streq(jb->alsa_name, ja->alsa_name) &&
+                       (ja->state_plugged == jb->state_plugged) &&
+                       (ja->state_unplugged == jb->state_unplugged)) {
+                        exists = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!exists) {
+                    is_subset = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* Compare the elements of each set... */
+            ea = p->elements;
+            eb = p2->elements;
+
+            while (is_subset) {
+                if (!ea && !eb)
+                    break;
+                else if ((ea && !eb) || (!ea && eb))
+                    is_subset = false;
+                else if (pa_streq(ea->alsa_name, eb->alsa_name)) {
+                    if (element_is_subset(ea, eb, m)) {
+                        ea = ea->next;
+                        eb = eb->next;
+                    } else
+                        is_subset = false;
+                } else
+                    is_subset = false;
+            }
 
-        if (pa_alsa_path_probe(p, m, ignore_dB) < 0) {
-            PA_LLIST_REMOVE(pa_alsa_path, ps->paths, p);
-            pa_alsa_path_free(p);
+            if (is_subset) {
+                pa_log_debug("Removing path '%s' as it is a subset of '%s'.", p->name, p2->name);
+                pa_hashmap_remove(ps->paths, p);
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
+}
+
+static pa_alsa_path* path_set_find_path_by_description(pa_alsa_path_set *ps, const char* description, pa_alsa_path *ignore) {
+    pa_alsa_path* p;
+    void *state;
+
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state)
+        if (p != ignore && pa_streq(p->description, description))
+            return p;
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void path_set_make_path_descriptions_unique(pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
+    pa_alsa_path *p, *q;
+    void *state, *state2;
+
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state) {
+        unsigned i;
+        char *old_description;
+
+        q = path_set_find_path_by_description(ps, p->description, p);
+
+        if (!q)
+            continue;
+
+        old_description = pa_xstrdup(p->description);
+
+        /* OK, this description is not unique, hence let's rename */
+        i = 1;
+        PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(q, ps->paths, state2) {
+            char *new_description;
+
+            if (!pa_streq(q->description, old_description))
+                continue;
+
+            new_description = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s %u", q->description, i);
+            pa_xfree(q->description);
+            q->description = new_description;
+
+            i++;
+        }
 
-    path_set_unify(ps);
-    path_set_make_paths_unique(ps);
-    ps->probed = TRUE;
+        pa_xfree(old_description);
+    }
 }
 
 static void mapping_free(pa_alsa_mapping *m) {
@@ -2607,15 +3296,23 @@ static void mapping_free(pa_alsa_mapping *m) {
     pa_xfree(m->name);
     pa_xfree(m->description);
 
+    pa_proplist_free(m->proplist);
+
     pa_xstrfreev(m->device_strings);
     pa_xstrfreev(m->input_path_names);
     pa_xstrfreev(m->output_path_names);
     pa_xstrfreev(m->input_element);
     pa_xstrfreev(m->output_element);
+    if (m->input_path_set)
+        pa_alsa_path_set_free(m->input_path_set);
+    if (m->output_path_set)
+        pa_alsa_path_set_free(m->output_path_set);
 
     pa_assert(!m->input_pcm);
     pa_assert(!m->output_pcm);
 
+    pa_alsa_ucm_mapping_context_free(&m->ucm_context);
+
     pa_xfree(m);
 }
 
@@ -2629,10 +3326,10 @@ static void profile_free(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
     pa_xstrfreev(p->output_mapping_names);
 
     if (p->input_mappings)
-        pa_idxset_free(p->input_mappings, NULL, NULL);
+        pa_idxset_free(p->input_mappings, NULL);
 
     if (p->output_mappings)
-        pa_idxset_free(p->output_mappings, NULL, NULL);
+        pa_idxset_free(p->output_mappings, NULL);
 
     pa_xfree(p);
 }
@@ -2640,28 +3337,25 @@ static void profile_free(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
 void pa_alsa_profile_set_free(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps) {
     pa_assert(ps);
 
-    if (ps->profiles) {
-        pa_alsa_profile *p;
+    if (ps->input_paths)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->input_paths);
 
-        while ((p = pa_hashmap_steal_first(ps->profiles)))
-            profile_free(p);
+    if (ps->output_paths)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->output_paths);
 
-        pa_hashmap_free(ps->profiles, NULL, NULL);
-    }
+    if (ps->profiles)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->profiles);
 
-    if (ps->mappings) {
-        pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    if (ps->mappings)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->mappings);
 
-        while ((m = pa_hashmap_steal_first(ps->mappings)))
-            mapping_free(m);
-
-        pa_hashmap_free(ps->mappings, NULL, NULL);
-    }
+    if (ps->decibel_fixes)
+        pa_hashmap_free(ps->decibel_fixes);
 
     pa_xfree(ps);
 }
 
-static pa_alsa_mapping *mapping_get(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *name) {
+pa_alsa_mapping *pa_alsa_mapping_get(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *name) {
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
     if (!pa_startswith(name, "Mapping "))
@@ -2675,7 +3369,9 @@ static pa_alsa_mapping *mapping_get(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *name) {
     m = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_mapping, 1);
     m->profile_set = ps;
     m->name = pa_xstrdup(name);
+    pa_sample_spec_init(&m->sample_spec);
     pa_channel_map_init(&m->channel_map);
+    m->proplist = pa_proplist_new();
 
     pa_hashmap_put(ps->mappings, m->name, m);
 
@@ -2702,268 +3398,234 @@ static pa_alsa_profile *profile_get(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *name) {
     return p;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_device_strings(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
+static pa_alsa_decibel_fix *decibel_fix_get(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps, const char *name) {
+    pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix;
+
+    if (!pa_startswith(name, "DecibelFix "))
+        return NULL;
+
+    name += 11;
+
+    if ((db_fix = pa_hashmap_get(ps->decibel_fixes, name)))
+        return db_fix;
+
+    db_fix = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_decibel_fix, 1);
+    db_fix->profile_set = ps;
+    db_fix->name = pa_xstrdup(name);
+
+    pa_hashmap_put(ps->decibel_fixes, db_fix->name, db_fix);
+
+    return db_fix;
+}
 
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_device_strings(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    ps = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     pa_xstrfreev(m->device_strings);
-    if (!(m->device_strings = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Device string list empty of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (!(m->device_strings = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Device string list empty of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_channel_map(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_channel_map(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    ps = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!(pa_channel_map_parse(&m->channel_map, rvalue))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Channel map invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (!(pa_channel_map_parse(&m->channel_map, state->rvalue))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Channel map invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_paths(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_paths(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
 
-    if (!(m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    if (!(m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(lvalue, "paths-input")) {
+    if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "paths-input")) {
         pa_xstrfreev(m->input_path_names);
-        m->input_path_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        m->input_path_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     } else {
         pa_xstrfreev(m->output_path_names);
-        m->output_path_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        m->output_path_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_element(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_element(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
 
-    if (!(m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    if (!(m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(lvalue, "element-input")) {
+    if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "element-input")) {
         pa_xstrfreev(m->input_element);
-        m->input_element = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        m->input_element = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     } else {
         pa_xstrfreev(m->output_element);
-        m->output_element = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        m->output_element = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_direction(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_direction(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
 
-    if (!(m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", filename, line, section);
+    if (!(m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(rvalue, "input"))
+    if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "input"))
         m->direction = PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "output"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "output"))
         m->direction = PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT;
-    else if (pa_streq(rvalue, "any"))
+    else if (pa_streq(state->rvalue, "any"))
         m->direction = PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_ANY;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction %s invalid.", filename, line, rvalue);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Direction %s invalid.", state->filename, state->lineno, state->rvalue);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_description(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_description(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
 
-    if ((m = mapping_get(ps, section))) {
+    if ((m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section))) {
         pa_xfree(m->description);
-        m->description = pa_xstrdup(rvalue);
-    } else if ((p = profile_get(ps, section))) {
+        m->description = pa_xstrdup(state->rvalue);
+    } else if ((p = profile_get(ps, state->section))) {
         pa_xfree(p->description);
-        p->description = pa_xstrdup(rvalue);
+        p->description = pa_xstrdup(state->rvalue);
     } else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int mapping_parse_priority(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int mapping_parse_priority(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
     uint32_t prio;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
 
-    if (pa_atou(rvalue, &prio) < 0) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if (pa_atou(state->rvalue, &prio) < 0) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Priority invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((m = mapping_get(ps, section)))
+    if ((m = pa_alsa_mapping_get(ps, state->section)))
         m->priority = prio;
-    else if ((p = profile_get(ps, section)))
+    else if ((p = profile_get(ps, state->section)))
         p->priority = prio;
     else {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", filename, line, section);
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Section name %s invalid.", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int profile_parse_mappings(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int profile_parse_mappings(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(p = profile_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    ps = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(p = profile_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pa_streq(lvalue, "input-mappings")) {
+    if (pa_streq(state->lvalue, "input-mappings")) {
         pa_xstrfreev(p->input_mapping_names);
-        p->input_mapping_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        p->input_mapping_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     } else {
         pa_xstrfreev(p->output_mapping_names);
-        p->output_mapping_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(rvalue);
+        p->output_mapping_names = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int profile_parse_skip_probe(
-        const char *filename,
-        unsigned line,
-        const char *section,
-        const char *lvalue,
-        const char *rvalue,
-        void *data,
-        void *userdata) {
-
-    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps = userdata;
+static int profile_parse_skip_probe(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
     int b;
 
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    pa_assert(state);
 
-    if (!(p = profile_get(ps, section))) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", filename, line, lvalue, section);
+    ps = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(p = profile_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((b = pa_parse_boolean(rvalue)) < 0) {
-        pa_log("[%s:%u] Skip probe invalid of '%s'", filename, line, section);
+    if ((b = pa_parse_boolean(state->rvalue)) < 0) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Skip probe invalid of '%s'", state->filename, state->lineno, state->section);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2972,6 +3634,173 @@ static int profile_parse_skip_probe(
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int decibel_fix_parse_db_values(pa_config_parser_state *state) {
+    pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
+    pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix;
+    char **items;
+    char *item;
+    long *db_values;
+    unsigned n = 8; /* Current size of the db_values table. */
+    unsigned min_step = 0;
+    unsigned max_step = 0;
+    unsigned i = 0; /* Index to the items table. */
+    unsigned prev_step = 0;
+    double prev_db = 0;
+
+    pa_assert(state);
+
+    ps = state->userdata;
+
+    if (!(db_fix = decibel_fix_get(ps, state->section))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] %s invalid in section %s", state->filename, state->lineno, state->lvalue, state->section);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!(items = pa_split_spaces_strv(state->rvalue))) {
+        pa_log("[%s:%u] Value missing", state->filename, state->lineno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    db_values = pa_xnew(long, n);
+
+    while ((item = items[i++])) {
+        char *s = item; /* Step value string. */
+        char *d = item; /* dB value string. */
+        uint32_t step;
+        double db;
+
+        /* Move d forward until it points to a colon or to the end of the item. */
+        for (; *d && *d != ':'; ++d);
+
+        if (d == s) {
+            /* item started with colon. */
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] No step value found in %s", state->filename, state->lineno, item);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!*d || !*(d + 1)) {
+            /* No colon found, or it was the last character in item. */
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] No dB value found in %s", state->filename, state->lineno, item);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        /* pa_atou() needs a null-terminating string. Let's replace the colon
+         * with a zero byte. */
+        *d++ = '\0';
+
+        if (pa_atou(s, &step) < 0) {
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] Invalid step value: %s", state->filename, state->lineno, s);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (pa_atod(d, &db) < 0) {
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] Invalid dB value: %s", state->filename, state->lineno, d);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (step <= prev_step && i != 1) {
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] Step value %u not greater than the previous value %u", state->filename, state->lineno, step, prev_step);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (db < prev_db && i != 1) {
+            pa_log("[%s:%u] Decibel value %0.2f less than the previous value %0.2f", state->filename, state->lineno, db, prev_db);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (i == 1) {
+            min_step = step;
+            db_values[0] = (long) (db * 100.0);
+            prev_step = step;
+            prev_db = db;
+        } else {
+            /* Interpolate linearly. */
+            double db_increment = (db - prev_db) / (step - prev_step);
+
+            for (; prev_step < step; ++prev_step, prev_db += db_increment) {
+
+                /* Reallocate the db_values table if it's about to overflow. */
+                if (prev_step + 1 - min_step == n) {
+                    n *= 2;
+                    db_values = pa_xrenew(long, db_values, n);
+                }
+
+                db_values[prev_step + 1 - min_step] = (long) ((prev_db + db_increment) * 100.0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        max_step = step;
+    }
+
+    db_fix->min_step = min_step;
+    db_fix->max_step = max_step;
+    pa_xfree(db_fix->db_values);
+    db_fix->db_values = db_values;
+
+    pa_xstrfreev(items);
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    pa_xstrfreev(items);
+    pa_xfree(db_values);
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void mapping_paths_probe(pa_alsa_mapping *m, pa_alsa_profile *profile,
+                                pa_alsa_direction_t direction, pa_hashmap *used_paths) {
+
+    pa_alsa_path *p;
+    void *state;
+    snd_pcm_t *pcm_handle;
+    pa_alsa_path_set *ps;
+    snd_mixer_t *mixer_handle;
+    snd_hctl_t *hctl_handle;
+
+    if (direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
+        if (m->output_path_set)
+            return; /* Already probed */
+        m->output_path_set = ps = pa_alsa_path_set_new(m, direction, NULL); /* FIXME: Handle paths_dir */
+        pcm_handle = m->output_pcm;
+    } else {
+        if (m->input_path_set)
+            return; /* Already probed */
+        m->input_path_set = ps = pa_alsa_path_set_new(m, direction, NULL); /* FIXME: Handle paths_dir */
+        pcm_handle = m->input_pcm;
+    }
+
+    if (!ps)
+        return; /* No paths */
+
+    pa_assert(pcm_handle);
+
+    mixer_handle = pa_alsa_open_mixer_for_pcm(pcm_handle, NULL, &hctl_handle);
+    if (!mixer_handle) {
+        /* Cannot open mixer, remove all entries */
+        pa_hashmap_remove_all(ps->paths);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state) {
+        if (pa_alsa_path_probe(p, mixer_handle, hctl_handle, m->profile_set->ignore_dB) < 0) {
+            pa_hashmap_remove(ps->paths, p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    path_set_condense(ps, mixer_handle);
+    path_set_make_path_descriptions_unique(ps);
+
+    if (mixer_handle)
+        snd_mixer_close(mixer_handle);
+
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->paths, state)
+        pa_hashmap_put(used_paths, p, p);
+
+    pa_log_debug("Available mixer paths (after tidying):");
+    pa_alsa_path_set_dump(ps);
+}
+
 static int mapping_verify(pa_alsa_mapping *m, const pa_channel_map *bonus) {
 
     static const struct description_map well_known_descriptions[] = {
@@ -2988,11 +3817,14 @@ static int mapping_verify(pa_alsa_mapping *m, const pa_channel_map *bonus) {
         { "analog-surround-61",     N_("Analog Surround 6.1") },
         { "analog-surround-70",     N_("Analog Surround 7.0") },
         { "analog-surround-71",     N_("Analog Surround 7.1") },
+        { "analog-4-channel-input", N_("Analog 4-channel Input") },
         { "iec958-stereo",          N_("Digital Stereo (IEC958)") },
         { "iec958-passthrough",     N_("Digital Passthrough  (IEC958)") },
         { "iec958-ac3-surround-40", N_("Digital Surround 4.0 (IEC958/AC3)") },
         { "iec958-ac3-surround-51", N_("Digital Surround 5.1 (IEC958/AC3)") },
-        { "hdmi-stereo",            N_("Digital Stereo (HDMI)") }
+        { "iec958-dts-surround-51", N_("Digital Surround 5.1 (IEC958/DTS)") },
+        { "hdmi-stereo",            N_("Digital Stereo (HDMI)") },
+        { "hdmi-surround-51",       N_("Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI)") }
     };
 
     pa_assert(m);
@@ -3009,7 +3841,7 @@ static int mapping_verify(pa_alsa_mapping *m, const pa_channel_map *bonus) {
 
     if ((m->input_path_names && m->input_element) ||
         (m->output_path_names && m->output_element)) {
-        pa_log("Mapping %s must have either mixer path or mixer elment, not both.", m->name);
+        pa_log("Mapping %s must have either mixer path or mixer element, not both.", m->name);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3099,6 +3931,16 @@ static void profile_set_add_auto(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps) {
 
     pa_assert(ps);
 
+    /* The order is important here:
+       1) try single inputs and outputs before trying their
+          combination, because if the half-duplex test failed, we don't have
+          to try full duplex.
+       2) try the output right before the input combinations with
+          that output, because then the output_pcm is not closed between tests.
+    */
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(n, ps->mappings, n_state)
+        profile_set_add_auto_pair(ps, NULL, n);
+
     PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(m, ps->mappings, m_state) {
         profile_set_add_auto_pair(ps, m, NULL);
 
@@ -3106,8 +3948,6 @@ static void profile_set_add_auto(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps) {
             profile_set_add_auto_pair(ps, m, n);
     }
 
-    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(n, ps->mappings, n_state)
-        profile_set_add_auto_pair(ps, NULL, n);
 }
 
 static int profile_verify(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
@@ -3131,11 +3971,11 @@ static int profile_verify(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
         for (name = p->output_mapping_names; *name; name++) {
             pa_alsa_mapping *m;
             char **in;
-            pa_bool_t duplicate = FALSE;
+            bool duplicate = false;
 
             for (in = name + 1; *in; in++)
                 if (pa_streq(*name, *in)) {
-                    duplicate = TRUE;
+                    duplicate = true;
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -3143,7 +3983,7 @@ static int profile_verify(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
                 continue;
 
             if (!(m = pa_hashmap_get(p->profile_set->mappings, *name)) || m->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT) {
-                pa_log("Profile '%s' refers to unexistant mapping '%s'.", p->name, *name);
+                pa_log("Profile '%s' refers to nonexistent mapping '%s'.", p->name, *name);
                 return -1;
             }
 
@@ -3167,11 +4007,11 @@ static int profile_verify(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
         for (name = p->input_mapping_names; *name; name++) {
             pa_alsa_mapping *m;
             char **in;
-            pa_bool_t duplicate = FALSE;
+            bool duplicate = false;
 
             for (in = name + 1; *in; in++)
                 if (pa_streq(*name, *in)) {
-                    duplicate = TRUE;
+                    duplicate = true;
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -3179,7 +4019,7 @@ static int profile_verify(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
                 continue;
 
             if (!(m = pa_hashmap_get(p->profile_set->mappings, *name)) || m->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
-                pa_log("Profile '%s' refers to unexistant mapping '%s'.", p->name, *name);
+                pa_log("Profile '%s' refers to nonexistent mapping '%s'.", p->name, *name);
                 return -1;
             }
 
@@ -3254,10 +4094,52 @@ void pa_alsa_profile_dump(pa_alsa_profile *p) {
             pa_log_debug("Output %s", m->name);
 }
 
+static int decibel_fix_verify(pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix) {
+    pa_assert(db_fix);
+
+    /* Check that the dB mapping has been configured. Since "db-values" is
+     * currently the only option in the DecibelFix section, and decibel fix
+     * objects don't get created if a DecibelFix section is empty, this is
+     * actually a redundant check. Having this may prevent future bugs,
+     * however. */
+    if (!db_fix->db_values) {
+        pa_log("Decibel fix for element %s lacks the dB values.", db_fix->name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void pa_alsa_decibel_fix_dump(pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix) {
+    char *db_values = NULL;
+
+    pa_assert(db_fix);
+
+    if (db_fix->db_values) {
+        pa_strbuf *buf;
+        unsigned long i, nsteps;
+
+        pa_assert(db_fix->min_step <= db_fix->max_step);
+        nsteps = db_fix->max_step - db_fix->min_step + 1;
+
+        buf = pa_strbuf_new();
+        for (i = 0; i < nsteps; ++i)
+            pa_strbuf_printf(buf, "[%li]:%0.2f ", i + db_fix->min_step, db_fix->db_values[i] / 100.0);
+
+        db_values = pa_strbuf_tostring_free(buf);
+    }
+
+    pa_log_debug("Decibel fix %s, min_step=%li, max_step=%li, db_values=%s",
+                 db_fix->name, db_fix->min_step, db_fix->max_step, pa_strnull(db_values));
+
+    pa_xfree(db_values);
+}
+
 pa_alsa_profile_set* pa_alsa_profile_set_new(const char *fname, const pa_channel_map *bonus) {
     pa_alsa_profile_set *ps;
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix;
     char *fn;
     int r;
     void *state;
@@ -3283,12 +4165,18 @@ pa_alsa_profile_set* pa_alsa_profile_set_new(const char *fname, const pa_channel
         { "input-mappings",         profile_parse_mappings,       NULL, NULL },
         { "output-mappings",        profile_parse_mappings,       NULL, NULL },
         { "skip-probe",             profile_parse_skip_probe,     NULL, NULL },
+
+        /* [DecibelFix ...] */
+        { "db-values",              decibel_fix_parse_db_values,  NULL, NULL },
         { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
     };
 
     ps = pa_xnew0(pa_alsa_profile_set, 1);
-    ps->mappings = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func);
-    ps->profiles = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func);
+    ps->mappings = pa_hashmap_new_full(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func, NULL, (pa_free_cb_t) mapping_free);
+    ps->profiles = pa_hashmap_new_full(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func, NULL, (pa_free_cb_t) profile_free);
+    ps->decibel_fixes = pa_hashmap_new_full(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func, NULL, (pa_free_cb_t) decibel_fix_free);
+    ps->input_paths = pa_hashmap_new_full(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func, NULL, (pa_free_cb_t) pa_alsa_path_free);
+    ps->output_paths = pa_hashmap_new_full(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func, NULL, (pa_free_cb_t) pa_alsa_path_free);
 
     items[0].data = &ps->auto_profiles;
 
@@ -3296,12 +4184,10 @@ pa_alsa_profile_set* pa_alsa_profile_set_new(const char *fname, const pa_channel
         fname = "default.conf";
 
     fn = pa_maybe_prefix_path(fname,
-#if defined(__linux__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
-                              pa_run_from_build_tree() ? PA_BUILDDIR "/modules/alsa/mixer/profile-sets/" :
-#endif
+                              pa_run_from_build_tree() ? PA_SRCDIR "/modules/alsa/mixer/profile-sets/" :
                               PA_ALSA_PROFILE_SETS_DIR);
 
-    r = pa_config_parse(fn, NULL, items, ps);
+    r = pa_config_parse(fn, NULL, items, NULL, ps);
     pa_xfree(fn);
 
     if (r < 0)
@@ -3318,6 +4204,10 @@ pa_alsa_profile_set* pa_alsa_profile_set_new(const char *fname, const pa_channel
         if (profile_verify(p) < 0)
             goto fail;
 
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(db_fix, ps->decibel_fixes, state)
+        if (decibel_fix_verify(db_fix) < 0)
+            goto fail;
+
     return ps;
 
 fail:
@@ -3325,6 +4215,93 @@ fail:
     return NULL;
 }
 
+static void profile_finalize_probing(pa_alsa_profile *to_be_finalized, pa_alsa_profile *next) {
+    pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    uint32_t idx;
+
+    if (!to_be_finalized)
+        return;
+
+    if (to_be_finalized->output_mappings)
+        PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, to_be_finalized->output_mappings, idx) {
+
+            if (!m->output_pcm)
+                continue;
+
+            if (to_be_finalized->supported)
+                m->supported++;
+
+            /* If this mapping is also in the next profile, we won't close the
+             * pcm handle here, because it would get immediately reopened
+             * anyway. */
+            if (next && next->output_mappings && pa_idxset_get_by_data(next->output_mappings, m, NULL))
+                continue;
+
+            snd_pcm_close(m->output_pcm);
+            m->output_pcm = NULL;
+        }
+
+    if (to_be_finalized->input_mappings)
+        PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, to_be_finalized->input_mappings, idx) {
+
+            if (!m->input_pcm)
+                continue;
+
+            if (to_be_finalized->supported)
+                m->supported++;
+
+            /* If this mapping is also in the next profile, we won't close the
+             * pcm handle here, because it would get immediately reopened
+             * anyway. */
+            if (next && next->input_mappings && pa_idxset_get_by_data(next->input_mappings, m, NULL))
+                continue;
+
+            snd_pcm_close(m->input_pcm);
+            m->input_pcm = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_t* mapping_open_pcm(pa_alsa_mapping *m,
+                                   const pa_sample_spec *ss,
+                                   const char *dev_id,
+                                   int mode,
+                                   unsigned default_n_fragments,
+                                   unsigned default_fragment_size_msec) {
+
+    pa_sample_spec try_ss = *ss;
+    pa_channel_map try_map = m->channel_map;
+    snd_pcm_uframes_t try_period_size, try_buffer_size;
+
+    try_ss.channels = try_map.channels;
+
+    try_period_size =
+        pa_usec_to_bytes(default_fragment_size_msec * PA_USEC_PER_MSEC, &try_ss) /
+        pa_frame_size(&try_ss);
+    try_buffer_size = default_n_fragments * try_period_size;
+
+    return pa_alsa_open_by_template(
+                              m->device_strings, dev_id, NULL, &try_ss,
+                              &try_map, mode, &try_period_size,
+                              &try_buffer_size, 0, NULL, NULL, true);
+}
+
+static void paths_drop_unused(pa_hashmap* h, pa_hashmap *keep) {
+
+    void* state = NULL;
+    const void* key;
+    pa_alsa_path* p;
+
+    pa_assert(h);
+    pa_assert(keep);
+
+    p = pa_hashmap_iterate(h, &state, &key);
+    while (p) {
+        if (pa_hashmap_get(keep, p) == NULL)
+            pa_hashmap_remove_and_free(h, key);
+        p = pa_hashmap_iterate(h, &state, &key);
+    }
+}
+
 void pa_alsa_profile_set_probe(
         pa_alsa_profile_set *ps,
         const char *dev_id,
@@ -3335,6 +4312,7 @@ void pa_alsa_profile_set_probe(
     void *state;
     pa_alsa_profile *p, *last = NULL;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    pa_hashmap *broken_inputs, *broken_outputs, *used_paths;
 
     pa_assert(ps);
     pa_assert(dev_id);
@@ -3343,271 +4321,269 @@ void pa_alsa_profile_set_probe(
     if (ps->probed)
         return;
 
+    broken_inputs = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_trivial_hash_func, pa_idxset_trivial_compare_func);
+    broken_outputs = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_trivial_hash_func, pa_idxset_trivial_compare_func);
+    used_paths = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_trivial_hash_func, pa_idxset_trivial_compare_func);
+
     PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->profiles, state) {
-        pa_sample_spec try_ss;
-        pa_channel_map try_map;
-        snd_pcm_uframes_t try_period_size, try_buffer_size;
         uint32_t idx;
 
-        /* Is this already marked that it is supported? (i.e. from the config file) */
-        if (p->supported)
-            continue;
-
-        pa_log_debug("Looking at profile %s", p->name);
-
-        /* Close PCMs from the last iteration we don't need anymore */
-        if (last && last->output_mappings)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, last->output_mappings, idx) {
-
-                if (!m->output_pcm)
-                    break;
+        /* Skip if this is already marked that it is supported (i.e. from the config file) */
+        if (!p->supported) {
 
-                if (last->supported)
-                    m->supported++;
+            profile_finalize_probing(last, p);
+            p->supported = true;
 
-                if (!p->output_mappings || !pa_idxset_get_by_data(p->output_mappings, m, NULL)) {
-                    snd_pcm_close(m->output_pcm);
-                    m->output_pcm = NULL;
+            if (p->output_mappings) {
+                PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->output_mappings, idx) {
+                    if (pa_hashmap_get(broken_outputs, m) == m) {
+                        pa_log_debug("Skipping profile %s - will not be able to open output:%s", p->name, m->name);
+                        p->supported = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-        if (last && last->input_mappings)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, last->input_mappings, idx) {
-
-                if (!m->input_pcm)
-                    break;
-
-                if (last->supported)
-                    m->supported++;
-
-                if (!p->input_mappings || !pa_idxset_get_by_data(p->input_mappings, m, NULL)) {
-                    snd_pcm_close(m->input_pcm);
-                    m->input_pcm = NULL;
+            if (p->input_mappings && p->supported) {
+                PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->input_mappings, idx) {
+                    if (pa_hashmap_get(broken_inputs, m) == m) {
+                        pa_log_debug("Skipping profile %s - will not be able to open input:%s", p->name, m->name);
+                        p->supported = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-        p->supported = TRUE;
-
-        /* Check if we can open all new ones */
-        if (p->output_mappings)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->output_mappings, idx) {
-
-                if (m->output_pcm)
-                    continue;
+            if (p->supported)
+                pa_log_debug("Looking at profile %s", p->name);
+
+            /* Check if we can open all new ones */
+            if (p->output_mappings && p->supported)
+                PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->output_mappings, idx) {
+
+                    if (m->output_pcm)
+                        continue;
+
+                    pa_log_debug("Checking for playback on %s (%s)", m->description, m->name);
+                    if (!(m->output_pcm = mapping_open_pcm(m, ss, dev_id,
+                                                           SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
+                                                           default_n_fragments,
+                                                           default_fragment_size_msec))) {
+                        p->supported = false;
+                        if (pa_idxset_size(p->output_mappings) == 1 &&
+                            ((!p->input_mappings) || pa_idxset_size(p->input_mappings) == 0)) {
+                            pa_log_debug("Caching failure to open output:%s", m->name);
+                            pa_hashmap_put(broken_outputs, m, m);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
 
-                pa_log_debug("Checking for playback on %s (%s)", m->description, m->name);
-                try_map = m->channel_map;
-                try_ss = *ss;
-                try_ss.channels = try_map.channels;
-
-                try_period_size =
-                    pa_usec_to_bytes(default_fragment_size_msec * PA_USEC_PER_MSEC, &try_ss) /
-                    pa_frame_size(&try_ss);
-                try_buffer_size = default_n_fragments * try_period_size;
-
-                if (!(m ->output_pcm = pa_alsa_open_by_template(
-                              m->device_strings,
-                              dev_id,
-                              NULL,
-                              &try_ss, &try_map,
-                              SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
-                              &try_period_size, &try_buffer_size, 0, NULL, NULL,
-                              TRUE))) {
-                    p->supported = FALSE;
-                    break;
+            if (p->input_mappings && p->supported)
+                PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->input_mappings, idx) {
+
+                    if (m->input_pcm)
+                        continue;
+
+                    pa_log_debug("Checking for recording on %s (%s)", m->description, m->name);
+                    if (!(m->input_pcm = mapping_open_pcm(m, ss, dev_id,
+                                                          SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
+                                                          default_n_fragments,
+                                                          default_fragment_size_msec))) {
+                        p->supported = false;
+                        if (pa_idxset_size(p->input_mappings) == 1 &&
+                            ((!p->output_mappings) || pa_idxset_size(p->output_mappings) == 0)) {
+                            pa_log_debug("Caching failure to open input:%s", m->name);
+                            pa_hashmap_put(broken_inputs, m, m);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
-            }
 
-        if (p->input_mappings && p->supported)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->input_mappings, idx) {
+            last = p;
 
-                if (m->input_pcm)
-                    continue;
+            if (!p->supported)
+                continue;
+        }
 
-                pa_log_debug("Checking for recording on %s (%s)", m->description, m->name);
-                try_map = m->channel_map;
-                try_ss = *ss;
-                try_ss.channels = try_map.channels;
-
-                try_period_size =
-                    pa_usec_to_bytes(default_fragment_size_msec*PA_USEC_PER_MSEC, &try_ss) /
-                    pa_frame_size(&try_ss);
-                try_buffer_size = default_n_fragments * try_period_size;
-
-                if (!(m ->input_pcm = pa_alsa_open_by_template(
-                              m->device_strings,
-                              dev_id,
-                              NULL,
-                              &try_ss, &try_map,
-                              SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
-                              &try_period_size, &try_buffer_size, 0, NULL, NULL,
-                              TRUE))) {
-                    p->supported = FALSE;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
+        pa_log_debug("Profile %s supported.", p->name);
 
-        last = p;
+        if (p->output_mappings)
+            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->output_mappings, idx)
+                if (m->output_pcm)
+                    mapping_paths_probe(m, p, PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, used_paths);
 
-        if (p->supported)
-            pa_log_debug("Profile %s supported.", p->name);
+        if (p->input_mappings)
+            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, p->input_mappings, idx)
+                if (m->input_pcm)
+                    mapping_paths_probe(m, p, PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_INPUT, used_paths);
     }
 
     /* Clean up */
-    if (last) {
-        uint32_t idx;
-
-        if (last->output_mappings)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, last->output_mappings, idx)
-                if (m->output_pcm) {
+    profile_finalize_probing(last, NULL);
 
-                    if (last->supported)
-                        m->supported++;
+    pa_alsa_profile_set_drop_unsupported(ps);
 
-                    snd_pcm_close(m->output_pcm);
-                    m->output_pcm = NULL;
-                }
-
-        if (last->input_mappings)
-            PA_IDXSET_FOREACH(m, last->input_mappings, idx)
-                if (m->input_pcm) {
+    paths_drop_unused(ps->input_paths, used_paths);
+    paths_drop_unused(ps->output_paths, used_paths);
+    pa_hashmap_free(broken_inputs);
+    pa_hashmap_free(broken_outputs);
+    pa_hashmap_free(used_paths);
 
-                    if (last->supported)
-                        m->supported++;
-
-                    snd_pcm_close(m->input_pcm);
-                    m->input_pcm = NULL;
-                }
-    }
-
-    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->profiles, state)
-        if (!p->supported) {
-            pa_hashmap_remove(ps->profiles, p->name);
-            profile_free(p);
-        }
-
-    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(m, ps->mappings, state)
-        if (m->supported <= 0) {
-            pa_hashmap_remove(ps->mappings, m->name);
-            mapping_free(m);
-        }
-
-    ps->probed = TRUE;
+    ps->probed = true;
 }
 
 void pa_alsa_profile_set_dump(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps) {
     pa_alsa_profile *p;
     pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    pa_alsa_decibel_fix *db_fix;
     void *state;
 
     pa_assert(ps);
 
-    pa_log_debug("Profile set %p, auto_profiles=%s, probed=%s, n_mappings=%u, n_profiles=%u",
+    pa_log_debug("Profile set %p, auto_profiles=%s, probed=%s, n_mappings=%u, n_profiles=%u, n_decibel_fixes=%u",
                  (void*)
                  ps,
                  pa_yes_no(ps->auto_profiles),
                  pa_yes_no(ps->probed),
                  pa_hashmap_size(ps->mappings),
-                 pa_hashmap_size(ps->profiles));
+                 pa_hashmap_size(ps->profiles),
+                 pa_hashmap_size(ps->decibel_fixes));
 
     PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(m, ps->mappings, state)
         pa_alsa_mapping_dump(m);
 
     PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->profiles, state)
         pa_alsa_profile_dump(p);
-}
-
-void pa_alsa_add_ports(pa_hashmap **p, pa_alsa_path_set *ps) {
-    pa_alsa_path *path;
 
-    pa_assert(p);
-    pa_assert(!*p);
-    pa_assert(ps);
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(db_fix, ps->decibel_fixes, state)
+        pa_alsa_decibel_fix_dump(db_fix);
+}
 
-    /* if there is no path, we don't want a port list */
-    if (!ps->paths)
-        return;
+void pa_alsa_profile_set_drop_unsupported(pa_alsa_profile_set *ps) {
+    pa_alsa_profile *p;
+    pa_alsa_mapping *m;
+    void *state;
 
-    if (!ps->paths->next){
-        pa_alsa_setting *s;
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(p, ps->profiles, state) {
+        if (!p->supported)
+            pa_hashmap_remove_and_free(ps->profiles, p->name);
+    }
 
-        /* If there is only one path, but no or only one setting, then
-         * we want a port list either */
-        if (!ps->paths->settings || !ps->paths->settings->next)
-            return;
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(m, ps->mappings, state) {
+        if (m->supported <= 0)
+            pa_hashmap_remove_and_free(ps->mappings, m->name);
+    }
+}
 
-        /* Ok, there is only one path, however with multiple settings,
-         * so let's create a port for each setting */
-        *p = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func);
+static pa_device_port* device_port_alsa_init(pa_hashmap *ports, /* card ports */
+    const char* name,
+    const char* description,
+    pa_alsa_path *path,
+    pa_alsa_setting *setting,
+    pa_card_profile *cp,
+    pa_hashmap *extra, /* sink/source ports */
+    pa_core *core) {
 
-        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(s, ps->paths->settings) {
-            pa_device_port *port;
-            pa_alsa_port_data *data;
+    pa_device_port *p;
 
-            port = pa_device_port_new(s->name, s->description, sizeof(pa_alsa_port_data));
-            port->priority = s->priority;
+    pa_assert(path);
 
-            data = PA_DEVICE_PORT_DATA(port);
-            data->path = ps->paths;
-            data->setting = s;
+    p = pa_hashmap_get(ports, name);
 
-            pa_hashmap_put(*p, port->name, port);
-        }
+    if (!p) {
+        pa_alsa_port_data *data;
+        pa_device_port_new_data port_data;
 
-    } else {
+        pa_device_port_new_data_init(&port_data);
+        pa_device_port_new_data_set_name(&port_data, name);
+        pa_device_port_new_data_set_description(&port_data, description);
+        pa_device_port_new_data_set_direction(&port_data, path->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT ? PA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT : PA_DIRECTION_INPUT);
 
-        /* We have multiple paths, so let's create a port for each
-         * one, and each of each settings */
-        *p = pa_hashmap_new(pa_idxset_string_hash_func, pa_idxset_string_compare_func);
+        p = pa_device_port_new(core, &port_data, sizeof(pa_alsa_port_data));
+        pa_device_port_new_data_done(&port_data);
+        pa_assert(p);
+        pa_hashmap_put(ports, p->name, p);
+        pa_proplist_update(p->proplist, PA_UPDATE_REPLACE, path->proplist);
 
-        PA_LLIST_FOREACH(path, ps->paths) {
+        data = PA_DEVICE_PORT_DATA(p);
+        data->path = path;
+        data->setting = setting;
+        path->port = p;
+    }
 
-            if (!path->settings || !path->settings->next) {
-                pa_device_port *port;
-                pa_alsa_port_data *data;
+    if (cp)
+        pa_hashmap_put(p->profiles, cp->name, cp);
 
-                /* If there is no or just one setting we only need a
-                 * single entry */
+    if (extra) {
+        pa_hashmap_put(extra, p->name, p);
+        pa_device_port_ref(p);
+    }
 
-                port = pa_device_port_new(path->name, path->description, sizeof(pa_alsa_port_data));
-                port->priority = path->priority * 100;
+    return p;
+}
 
+void pa_alsa_path_set_add_ports(
+        pa_alsa_path_set *ps,
+        pa_card_profile *cp,
+        pa_hashmap *ports, /* card ports */
+        pa_hashmap *extra, /* sink/source ports */
+        pa_core *core) {
 
-                data = PA_DEVICE_PORT_DATA(port);
-                data->path = path;
-                data->setting = path->settings;
+    pa_alsa_path *path;
+    void *state;
 
-                pa_hashmap_put(*p, port->name, port);
-            } else {
-                pa_alsa_setting *s;
+    pa_assert(ports);
 
-                PA_LLIST_FOREACH(s, path->settings) {
-                    pa_device_port *port;
-                    pa_alsa_port_data *data;
-                    char *n, *d;
+    if (!ps)
+        return;
 
-                    n = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s;%s", path->name, s->name);
+    PA_HASHMAP_FOREACH(path, ps->paths, state) {
+        if (!path->settings || !path->settings->next) {
+            /* If there is no or just one setting we only need a
+             * single entry */
+            pa_device_port *port = device_port_alsa_init(ports, path->name,
+                path->description, path, path->settings, cp, extra, core);
+            port->priority = path->priority * 100;
 
-                    if (s->description[0])
-                        d = pa_sprintf_malloc(_("%s / %s"), path->description, s->description);
-                    else
-                        d = pa_xstrdup(path->description);
+        } else {
+            pa_alsa_setting *s;
+            PA_LLIST_FOREACH(s, path->settings) {
+                pa_device_port *port;
+                char *n, *d;
 
-                    port = pa_device_port_new(n, d, sizeof(pa_alsa_port_data));
-                    port->priority = path->priority * 100 + s->priority;
+                n = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s;%s", path->name, s->name);
 
-                    pa_xfree(n);
-                    pa_xfree(d);
+                if (s->description[0])
+                    d = pa_sprintf_malloc("%s / %s", path->description, s->description);
+                else
+                    d = pa_xstrdup(path->description);
 
-                    data = PA_DEVICE_PORT_DATA(port);
-                    data->path = path;
-                    data->setting = s;
+                port = device_port_alsa_init(ports, n, d, path, s, cp, extra, core);
+                port->priority = path->priority * 100 + s->priority;
 
-                    pa_hashmap_put(*p, port->name, port);
-                }
+                pa_xfree(n);
+                pa_xfree(d);
             }
         }
     }
+}
+
+void pa_alsa_add_ports(void *sink_or_source_new_data, pa_alsa_path_set *ps, pa_card *card) {
+    pa_hashmap *ports;
+
+    pa_assert(sink_or_source_new_data);
+    pa_assert(ps);
+
+    if (ps->direction == PA_ALSA_DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
+        ports = ((pa_sink_new_data *) sink_or_source_new_data)->ports;
+    else
+        ports = ((pa_source_new_data *) sink_or_source_new_data)->ports;
+
+    if (ps->paths && pa_hashmap_size(ps->paths) > 0) {
+        pa_assert(card);
+        pa_alsa_path_set_add_ports(ps, NULL, card->ports, ports, card->core);
+    }
 
-    pa_log_debug("Added %u ports", pa_hashmap_size(*p));
+    pa_log_debug("Added %u ports", pa_hashmap_size(ports));
 }