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  12   <h1>The rEFInd Boot Manager</h1>
  13
  14   <p class="subhead">by Roderick W. Smith, <a
  15 href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com</a></p>
  16
  17 <p>Originally written: 3/14/2012; last Web page update:
  18 12/21/2012, referencing rEFInd 0.6.1</p>
  19
  20
  21 <p>I'm a technical writer and consultant specializing in Linux technologies. This Web page is provided free of charge and with no annoying outside ads; however, I did take time to prepare it, and Web hosting does cost money. If you find this Web page useful, please consider making a small donation to help keep this site up and running. Thanks!</p>
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  86
  87 <hr />
  88
  89 <h2>Introduction</h2>
  90
  91 <p>This page describes rEFInd, my fork of the <a href="http://refit.sourceforge.net">rEFIt</a> boot manager for computers based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface">Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) and Unified EFI (UEFI).</a> Like rEFIt, rEFInd is a <i>boot manager,</i> meaning that it presents a menu of options to the user when the computer first starts up, as shown below. rEFInd is not a <i>boot loader,</i> which is a program that loads an OS kernel and hands off control to it. Many popular boot managers, such as <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/">the Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB),</a> are also boot loaders, which can blur the distinction in many users' minds. rEFInd, though, relies on a separate boot loader to finish the handoff to an OS; it just presents a pretty menu and gives you options for how to proceed prior to booting an OS. All EFI-capable OSes include boot loaders, so this limitation isn't a problem. If you're using Linux, you should be aware that several EFI boot loaders are available, so choosing between them can be a challenge. See <a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/efi-bootloaders/index.html">my Web page on this topic</a> for more information.</p>
  92
  93     <br /><center><img src="refind.png" align="center" width="905"
  94     height="389" alt="rEFInd presents a GUI menu for selecting your boot
  95     OS." border=2> </center><br />
  96
  97 <p>In theory, EFI implementations should provide boot managers. Unfortunately, in practice these boot managers are often so poor as to be useless. The worst I've personally encountered is on <a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/gb-hybrid-efi/">Gigabyte's Hybrid EFI,</a> which provides you with no boot options whatsoever, beyond choosing the boot device (hard disk vs. optical disc, for instance). I've heard of others that are just as bad. For this reason, a good EFI boot manager&mdash;either standalone or as part of a boot loader&mdash;is a practical necessity for multi-booting on an EFI computer. That's where rEFIt and rEFInd come into play.</p>
  98
  99 <p>I decided to fork the earlier rEFIt project because, although rEFIt is a useful program, it's got several important limitations, such as poor control over the boot loader detection process and an ability to display at most a handful of boot loader entries on its main screen. I fixed a few of these bugs and released a patched version <a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/efi-bootloaders/refit.html">here;</a> however, rEFIt's author, Christoph Pfisterer, didn't respond to my e-mails, and the latest official version of rEFIt, 0.14, was released in March of 2010. Thus, it appears that rEFIt has been abandoned. Forking the project to give rEFIt new features seemed like the thing to do.</p>
 100
 101 <p>The <a href="http://refit.sourceforge.net">rEFIt Web page</a> has a distinct Mac bias, and the provided binaries work only on Macs because they're 32-/64-bit "fat" binaries, which Macs can handle but UEFI-based PCs can't. rEFIt can be recompiled to work on UEFI-based PCs, but prebuilt binaries for such systems are relatively rare. Although I do own a Mac Mini, my interest lies more on the side of standard PC hardware, and hence with UEFI. My development platform is Linux, and my installation instructions and binaries are much more platform-neutral. I'm aware that many Mac users will consider this a step backward, but I ask their indulgence; I only have so many hours a week to work on this project, and I prefer to devote my efforts to improvements that will benefit all rEFInd users, at least initially.</p>
 102
 103 <p>As already noted, rEFInd is a boot manager for EFI and UEFI computers. (I use "EFI" to refer to either version unless the distinction is important.) You're likely to benefit from it on computers that boot multiple OSes, such as two or more of Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. You will <i>not</i> find rEFInd useful on older BIOS-based computers. Prior to mid-2011, few computers outside of Intel-based Macs used EFI; but starting in 2011, computer manufacturers began adopting UEFI in droves, so most computers bought since then use EFI. Even so, many modern PCs support both EFI-style booting and BIOS-style booting, the latter via a BIOS compatibility mode that's known as the <i>Compatibility Support Module (CSM).</i> Thus, you may be using BIOS-style booting on an EFI-based computer. If you're unsure which boot method your computer uses, check the first of the below subsections.</p>
 104
 105 <p>Subsequent sections of this document are on separate pages. Be aware that you probably don't need to read them all; just skip to the sections that interest you:</p>
 106
 107 <ul>
 108
 109 <li><a href="bootmode.html">What's Your Boot Mode?</a>&mdash;Information to help you determine whether you're using EFI or BIOS booting</li>
 110
 111 <li><a href="features.html">rEFInd Features</a>&mdash;An overview of rEFInd's features</li>
 112
 113 <li><a href="getting.html">Getting rEFInd</a>&mdash;Links to obtain rEFInd</li>
 114
 115 <li><a href="installing.html">Installing rEFInd</a>&mdash;Instructions for installing rEFInd, using Linux, OS X, and Windows</li>
 116
 117 <li><a href="using.html">Using rEFInd</a>&mdash;Basic usage instructions for the boot loader</li>
 118
 119 <li><a href="configfile.html">Configuring the Boot Manager</a>&mdash;For advanced users, information on customizing a rEFInd installation</li>
 120
 121 <li><a href="drivers.html">Using EFI Drivers</a>&mdash;Why and how to have rEFInd launch EFI drivers</li>
 122
 123 <li><a href="themes.html">Theming rEFind</a>&mdash;Information on third-party themes for rEFInd</li>
 124
 125 <li><a href="linux.html">Options for Booting Linux</a>&mdash;Methods of booting Linux, particularly with the EFI stub loader (distribution maintainers should read this!)</li>
 126
 127 <li><a href="secureboot.html">Managing Secure Boot</a>&mdash;Some pointers on using rEFInd on a computer with Secure Boot active</li>
 128
 129 <li><a href="revisions.html">Revisions</a>&mdash;Information on the history of rEFInd releases</li>
 130
 131 <li><a href="todo.html">The Future of rEFInd</a>&mdash;Current bugs that need squashing and features that I hope to one day add</a></li>
 132
 133 </ul>
 134
 135 <p><b>Note:</b> I consider rEFInd to be <i>beta-quality software!</i> I'm discovering bugs (old and new) and fixing them every few days. That said, rEFInd is a usable program in its current form on many systems. If you have problems, feel free to drop me a line.</p>
 136
 137 <a name="references">
 138 <h2>References and Additional Information</h2>
 139 </a>
 140
 141 <ul>
 142
 143 <li><b>Informational Web pages</b>
 144
 145 <ul>
 146
 147 <li><a href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/efi-boot-process.html">The EFI Boot Process</a> describes, in broad strokes, how EFI systems boot.</li>
 148
 149 <li><a href="https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/10/17/81">A Linux kernel mailing list thread</a> describing the new EFI stub loader that was introduced in the Linux 3.3 kernel series.</li>
 150
 151 <li>The <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface">Arch Linux UEFI wiki page</a> has a great deal of information on UEFI and Linux.</li>
 152
 153 <li>My own <a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/efi-bootloaders/">EFI Boot Loaders for Linux</a> page provides information on installing and configuring several common Linux EFI boot loaders and boot managers.</li>
 154
 155 <li>Phoenix Technologies maintains a <a href="http://wiki.phoenix.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">wiki on EFI topics,</a> including <a href="http://wiki.phoenix.com/wiki/index.php/Category:UEFI_2.0">information on many EFI system calls</a> useful to programmers.</li>
 156
 157 <li>Matthew J. Garrett, the developer of the shim boot loader to manage Secure Boot, maintains <a href="http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/">a blog</a> that often describes EFI issues.</li>
 158
 159 </ul></li> <!-- Informational Web pages -->
 160
 161 <li><b>Additional programs</b>
 162
 163 <ul>
 164
 165 <li><a href="http://refit.sourceforge.net">The official rEFIt Web page</a></li>
 166
 167 <li><a href="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/gummiboot">The official gummiboot Web page</a></li>
 168
 169 <li><a href="http://elilo.sourceforge.net/">The official ELILO Web page</a></li>
 170
 171 <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/">The official GRUB Web page</a></li>
 172
 173 <li><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/">The official GPT fdisk partitioning software Web page</a></li>
 174
 175 <li>The <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cloverefiboot/">Clover</a> boot loader is a Hackintosh boot loader that incorporates, among other things, its own unique forks of rEFIt and of DUET (a <a href="http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tianocore/index.php?title=Welcome">TianoCore</a> tool to boot UEFI on BIOS-based computers).</li>
 176
 177 </ul></li> <!-- Additional programs -->
 178
 179 <li><b>Communications</b>
 180
 181 <ul>
 182
 183 <li>The <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/refind/discussion/">rEFInd discussion forum on Sourceforge</a> provides a way to discuss rEFInd with other users or with me.</li>
 184
 185 <li>You can <a href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">e-mail me</a> with queries or bug reports.</li>
 186
 187 <li><a href="http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=696523">This thread</a> on MacRumors details efforts to boot Windows 7 and Windows 8 in EFI mode, rather than using Boot Camp, on 64-bit Macs. It can be done with some models, but is difficult, particularly for Windows 7. Be aware that the thread is long and has many false leads.</li>
 188
 189 </ul></li>
 190
 191 </ul>
 192
 193 <hr />
 194
 195 <p>copyright &copy; 2012 by Roderick W. Smith</p>
 196
 197 <p>This document is licensed under the terms of the <a href="FDL-1.3.txt">GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), version 1.3.</a></p>
 198
 199 <p>If you have problems with or comments about this Web page, please e-mail me at <a href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com.</a> Thanks.</p>
 200
 201   <p><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/">Return</a> to my main Web page.</p>
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