]> code.delx.au - spectrwm/blobdiff - spectrwm.c
Update code to compile against XCB util-wm >= 0.3.8
[spectrwm] / spectrwm.c
index 2928f00f3b15dd3cb8e9be7580f98ee0a6683887..91a342da9cf3cab018248aeba6bb604c39bcee98 100644 (file)
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Tuukka Kataja <stuge@xor.fi>
  * Copyright (c) 2011 Jason L. Wright <jason@thought.net>
  * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Reginald Kennedy <rk@rejii.com>
- * Copyright (c) 2012 Lawrence Teo <lteo@lteo.net>
- * Copyright (c) 2012 Tiago Cunha <tcunha@gmx.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Lawrence Teo <lteo@lteo.net>
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Tiago Cunha <tcunha@gmx.com>
  *
  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 #elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
 #include <sys/tree.h>
 #else
-#include <sys/tree.h>
+#include "tree.h"
 #endif
 
 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
 #include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <X11/XKBlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
-#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib-xcb.h>
+#include <xcb/randr.h>
+#include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
+#include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
 #include <X11/extensions/Xrandr.h>
@@ -117,6 +121,17 @@ static const char  *buildstr = SPECTRWM_VERSION;
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#define xcb_icccm_wm_hints_t                   xcb_wm_hints_t
+#define xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints                 xcb_get_wm_hints
+#define XCB_ICCCM_WM_HINT_X_URGENCY            XCB_WM_HINT_X_URGENCY
+#define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC              XCB_WM_STATE_ICONIC
+#define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN           XCB_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN
+#define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL              XCB_WM_STATE_NORMAL
+#define xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for         xcb_get_wm_transient_for
+#define xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply   xcb_get_wm_transient_for_reply
+#endif
+
 /*#define SWM_DEBUG*/
 #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
 #define DPRINTF(x...)          do { if (swm_debug) fprintf(stderr, x); } while (0)
@@ -172,6 +187,9 @@ u_int32_t           swm_debug = 0
 #define Y(r)                   (r)->g.y
 #define WIDTH(r)               (r)->g.w
 #define HEIGHT(r)              (r)->g.h
+#define BORDER(w)              (w->bordered ? border_width : 0)
+#define MAX_X(r)               ((r)->g.x + (r)->g.w)
+#define MAX_Y(r)               ((r)->g.y + (r)->g.h)
 #define SH_MIN(w)              (w)->sh_mask & PMinSize
 #define SH_MIN_W(w)            (w)->sh.min_width
 #define SH_MIN_H(w)            (w)->sh.min_height
@@ -197,15 +215,15 @@ u_int32_t         swm_debug = 0
 #endif
 
 char                   **start_argv;
-Atom                   astate;
-Atom                   aprot;
-Atom                   adelete;
-Atom                   takefocus;
-Atom                   a_wmname;
-Atom                   a_netwmname;
-Atom                   a_utf8_string;
-Atom                   a_string;
-Atom                   a_swm_iconic;
+xcb_atom_t             astate;
+xcb_atom_t             aprot;
+xcb_atom_t             adelete;
+xcb_atom_t             takefocus;
+xcb_atom_t             a_wmname;
+xcb_atom_t             a_netwmname;
+xcb_atom_t             a_utf8_string;
+xcb_atom_t             a_string;
+xcb_atom_t             a_swm_iconic;
 volatile sig_atomic_t   running = 1;
 volatile sig_atomic_t   restart_wm = 0;
 int                    outputs = 0;
@@ -217,6 +235,7 @@ int                 xrandr_support;
 int                    xrandr_eventbase;
 unsigned int           numlockmask = 0;
 Display                        *display;
+xcb_connection_t       *conn;
 
 int                    cycle_empty = 0;
 int                    cycle_visible = 0;
@@ -237,11 +256,10 @@ struct search_window {
        int                             idx;
        struct ws_win                   *win;
        GC                              gc;
-       Window                          indicator;
+       xcb_window_t                    indicator;
 };
 TAILQ_HEAD(search_winlist, search_window);
-
-struct search_winlist search_wl;
+struct search_winlist                  search_wl;
 
 /* search actions */
 enum {
@@ -252,6 +270,11 @@ enum {
        SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WINDOW
 };
 
+#define SWM_STACK_TOP          (0)
+#define SWM_STACK_BOTTOM       (1)
+#define        SWM_STACK_ABOVE         (2)
+#define        SWM_STACK_BELOW         (3)
+
 /* dialog windows */
 double                 dialog_ratio = 0.6;
 /* status bar */
@@ -263,7 +286,8 @@ double                      dialog_ratio = 0.6;
 #define SWM_BAR_FONTS          "-*-terminus-medium-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*," \
                                "-*-profont-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"       \
                                "-*-times-medium-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"    \
-                               "-misc-fixed-medium-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+                               "-misc-fixed-medium-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"  \
+                               "-*-*-*-r-*--*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
 
 #ifdef X_HAVE_UTF8_STRING
 #define DRAWSTRING(x...)       Xutf8DrawString(x)
@@ -286,6 +310,7 @@ int                 bar_extra_running = 0;
 int                    bar_verbose = 1;
 int                    bar_height = 0;
 int                    bar_justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT;
+char                   *bar_format = NULL;
 int                    stack_enabled = 1;
 int                    clock_enabled = 1;
 int                    urgent_enabled = 0;
@@ -294,6 +319,10 @@ int                        title_name_enabled = 0;
 int                    title_class_enabled = 0;
 int                    window_name_enabled = 0;
 int                    focus_mode = SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT;
+int                    focus_close = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
+int                    focus_close_wrap = 1;
+int                    focus_default = SWM_STACK_TOP;
+int                    spawn_position = SWM_STACK_TOP;
 int                    disable_border = 0;
 int                    border_width = 1;
 int                    verbose_layout = 0;
@@ -301,7 +330,6 @@ pid_t                       bar_pid;
 XFontSet               bar_fs;
 XFontSetExtents                *bar_fs_extents;
 char                   *bar_fonts;
-char                   *spawn_term[] = { NULL, NULL }; /* XXX fully dynamic */
 struct passwd          *pwd;
 
 #define SWM_MENU_FN    (2)
@@ -321,6 +349,12 @@ struct swm_geometry {
 struct swm_screen;
 struct workspace;
 
+struct swm_bar {
+       xcb_window_t            id;
+       xcb_pixmap_t            buffer;
+       struct swm_geometry     g;
+};
+
 /* virtual "screens" */
 struct swm_region {
        TAILQ_ENTRY(swm_region) entry;
@@ -328,23 +362,23 @@ struct swm_region {
        struct workspace        *ws;    /* current workspace on this region */
        struct workspace        *ws_prior; /* prior workspace on this region */
        struct swm_screen       *s;     /* screen idx */
-       Window                  bar_window;
+       struct swm_bar          *bar;
 };
 TAILQ_HEAD(swm_region_list, swm_region);
 
 struct ws_win {
        TAILQ_ENTRY(ws_win)     entry;
-       Window                  id;
-       Window                  transient;
+       xcb_window_t            id;
+       xcb_window_t            transient;
        struct ws_win           *child_trans;   /* transient child window */
        struct swm_geometry     g;              /* current geometry */
-       struct swm_geometry     g_float;        /* geometry when floating */
-       struct swm_geometry     rg_float;       /* region geom when floating */
+       struct swm_geometry     g_float;        /* region coordinates */
        int                     g_floatvalid;   /* g_float geometry validity */
        int                     floatmaxed;     /* whether maxed by max_stack */
        int                     floating;
        int                     manual;
        int                     iconic;
+       int                     bordered;
        unsigned int            ewmh_flags;
        int                     font_size_boundary[SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS];
        int                     font_steps;
@@ -382,14 +416,14 @@ void      max_stack(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
 void   plain_stacker(struct workspace *);
 void   fancy_stacker(struct workspace *);
 
-struct ws_win *find_window(Window);
+struct ws_win *find_window(xcb_window_t);
 
-void   grabbuttons(struct ws_win *, int);
-void   new_region(struct swm_screen *, int, int, int, int);
-void   unmanage_window(struct ws_win *);
-long   getstate(Window);
+void           grabbuttons(struct ws_win *, int);
+void           new_region(struct swm_screen *, int, int, int, int);
+void           unmanage_window(struct ws_win *);
+uint16_t       getstate(xcb_window_t);
 
-int    conf_load(char *, int);
+int            conf_load(char *, int);
 
 struct layout {
        void            (*l_stack)(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
@@ -442,28 +476,35 @@ struct workspace {
        } l_state;
 };
 
-enum   { SWM_S_COLOR_BAR, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT,
-         SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS, SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS, SWM_S_COLOR_MAX };
+enum {
+       SWM_S_COLOR_BAR,
+       SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER,
+       SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT,
+       SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS,
+       SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS,
+       SWM_S_COLOR_MAX
+};
 
 /* physical screen mapping */
-#define SWM_WS_MAX             (10)
+#define SWM_WS_MAX             (22)    /* hard limit */
+int            workspace_limit = 10;   /* soft limit */
+
 struct swm_screen {
        int                     idx;    /* screen index */
        struct swm_region_list  rl;     /* list of regions on this screen */
        struct swm_region_list  orl;    /* list of old regions */
-       Window                  root;
+       xcb_window_t            root;
        struct workspace        ws[SWM_WS_MAX];
 
        /* colors */
        struct {
-               unsigned long   color;
+               uint32_t        color;
                char            *name;
        } c[SWM_S_COLOR_MAX];
 
        GC                      bar_gc;
 };
 struct swm_screen      *screens;
-int                    num_screens;
 
 /* args to functions */
 union arg {
@@ -531,53 +572,119 @@ struct quirk_list                quirks = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(quirks);
  * Supported EWMH hints should be added to
  * both the enum and the ewmh array
  */
-enum { _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW, _NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW, _NET_CLOSE_WINDOW,
-    _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE, _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK,
-    _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR, _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY,
-    _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH, _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG,
-    _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL, _NET_WM_STATE,
-    _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ, _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT,
-    _NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR, _NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER,
-    _NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN, _NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE, _SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL,
-    _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN, _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS, _NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE,
-    _NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE, _NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN, _NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE,
-    SWM_EWMH_HINT_MAX };
+enum {
+       _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW,
+       _NET_CLOSE_WINDOW,
+       _NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW,
+       _NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE,
+       _NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN,
+       _NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE,
+       _NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE,
+       _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS,
+       _NET_WM_STATE,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER,
+       _NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR,
+       _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY,
+       _SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL,
+       SWM_EWMH_HINT_MAX
+};
 
 struct ewmh_hint {
-       char    *name;
-       Atom     atom;
+       char            *name;
+       xcb_atom_t      atom;
 } ewmh[SWM_EWMH_HINT_MAX] =    {
     /* must be in same order as in the enum */
-    {"_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", None},
-    {"_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW", None},
-    {"_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE", None},
-    {"_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN", None},
-    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE", None},
+    {"_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
+    {"_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
 };
 
 void            store_float_geom(struct ws_win *, struct swm_region *);
 int             floating_toggle_win(struct ws_win *);
+void            constrain_window(struct ws_win *, struct swm_region *, int);
+void            update_window(struct ws_win *);
 void            spawn_select(struct swm_region *, union arg *, char *, int *);
-unsigned char  *get_win_name(Window);
+unsigned char  *get_win_name(xcb_window_t);
+xcb_atom_t      get_atom_from_string(const char *);
+void           map_window_raised(xcb_window_t);
+void           do_sync(void);
+
+void
+do_sync(void)
+{
+       xcb_get_input_focus_cookie_t    c;
+       xcb_get_input_focus_reply_t     *r;
+
+       /* mimic XSync() */
+       c = xcb_get_input_focus(conn);
+       xcb_flush(conn);
+       r = xcb_get_input_focus_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (r)
+               free(r);
+}
+
+void
+map_window_raised(xcb_window_t win)
+{
+       uint32_t        val = XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE;
+
+       xcb_configure_window(conn, win,
+               XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, &val);
+
+       xcb_map_window(conn, win);
+       xcb_flush(conn);
+}
+
+xcb_atom_t
+get_atom_from_string(const char *str)
+{
+       xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t        c;
+       xcb_intern_atom_reply_t         *r;
+       xcb_atom_t                      atom;
+
+       c = xcb_intern_atom(conn, False, strlen(str), str);
+       r = xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (r) {
+               atom = r->atom;
+               free(r);
+
+               return (atom);
+       }
+
+       return (XCB_ATOM_NONE);
+}
 
 int
 get_property(Window id, Atom atom, long count, Atom type, unsigned long *nitems,
@@ -595,127 +702,132 @@ get_property(Window id, Atom atom, long count, Atom type, unsigned long *nitems,
            &real, &format, nitems_ret, nbytes_ret, data);
 
        if (status != Success)
-               return False;
+               return (False);
        if (real != type)
-               return False;
+               return (False);
 
-       return True;
+       return (True);
 }
 
 void
 update_iconic(struct ws_win *win, int newv)
 {
-       int32_t v = newv;
-       Atom iprop;
+       int32_t                         v = newv;
+       xcb_atom_t                      iprop;
 
        win->iconic = newv;
 
-       iprop = XInternAtom(display, "_SWM_ICONIC", False);
-       if (!iprop)
+       iprop = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_ICONIC");
+       if (iprop == XCB_ATOM_NONE)
                return;
+
        if (newv)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, iprop, XA_INTEGER, 32,
-                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&v, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
+                       iprop, XCB_ATOM_INTEGER, 32, 1, &v);
        else
-               XDeleteProperty(display, win->id, iprop);
+               xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, iprop);
 }
 
 int
 get_iconic(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       int32_t v = 0;
-       int retfmt, status;
-       Atom iprop, rettype;
-       unsigned long nitems, extra;
-       unsigned char *prop = NULL;
+       int32_t v = 0, *vtmp;
+       xcb_atom_t                      iprop;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       pc;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *pr = NULL;
 
-       iprop = XInternAtom(display, "_SWM_ICONIC", False);
-       if (!iprop)
-               goto out;
-       status = XGetWindowProperty(display, win->id, iprop, 0L, 1L,
-           False, XA_INTEGER, &rettype, &retfmt, &nitems, &extra, &prop);
-       if (status != Success)
+       iprop = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_ICONIC");
+       if (iprop == XCB_ATOM_NONE)
                goto out;
-       if (rettype != XA_INTEGER || retfmt != 32)
+
+       pc = xcb_get_property(conn, False, win->id, iprop, XCB_ATOM_INTEGER,
+                       0, 1);
+       pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
+       if (!pr)
                goto out;
-       if (nitems != 1)
+       if (pr->type != XCB_ATOM_INTEGER || pr->format != 32)
                goto out;
-       v = *((int32_t *)prop);
-
+       vtmp = xcb_get_property_value(pr);
+       v = *vtmp;
 out:
-       if (prop != NULL)
-               XFree(prop);
+       if (pr != NULL)
+               free(pr);
        return (v);
 }
 
 void
 setup_ewmh(void)
 {
-       int                     i,j;
-       Atom                    sup_list;
+       xcb_atom_t                      sup_list;
+       int                             i, j, num_screens;
 
-       sup_list = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
+       sup_list = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTED");
 
        for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(ewmh); i++)
-               ewmh[i].atom = XInternAtom(display, ewmh[i].name, False);
+               ewmh[i].atom = get_atom_from_string(ewmh[i].name);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                /* Support check window will be created by workaround(). */
 
                /* Report supported atoms */
-               XDeleteProperty(display, screens[i].root, sup_list);
+               xcb_delete_property(conn, screens[i].root, sup_list);
                for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(ewmh); j++)
-                       XChangeProperty(display, screens[i].root,
-                           sup_list, XA_ATOM, 32,
-                           PropModeAppend, (unsigned char *)&ewmh[j].atom,1);
+                       xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND,
+                               screens[i].root, sup_list, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                               &ewmh[j].atom);
        }
 }
 
 void
 teardown_ewmh(void)
 {
-       int                     i, success;
-       unsigned char           *data = NULL;
-       unsigned long           n;
-       Atom                    sup_check, sup_list;
-       Window                  id;
+       int                             i, num_screens;
+       xcb_atom_t                      sup_check, sup_list;
+       xcb_window_t                    id;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       pc;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *pr;
 
-       sup_check = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", False);
-       sup_list = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
+       sup_check = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK");
+       sup_list = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTED");
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                /* Get the support check window and destroy it */
-               success = get_property(screens[i].root, sup_check, 1, XA_WINDOW,
-                   &n, NULL, &data);
-
-               if (success) {
-                       id = data[0];
-                       XDestroyWindow(display, id);
-                       XDeleteProperty(display, screens[i].root, sup_check);
-                       XDeleteProperty(display, screens[i].root, sup_list);
-               }
+               pc = xcb_get_property(conn, False, screens[i].root, sup_check,
+                       XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 0, 1);
+               pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
+               if (pr) {
+                       id = *((xcb_window_t *)xcb_get_property_value(pr));
 
-               XFree(data);
+                       xcb_destroy_window(conn, id);
+                       xcb_delete_property(conn, screens[i].root, sup_check);
+                       xcb_delete_property(conn, screens[i].root, sup_list);
+
+                       free(pr);
+               }
        }
 }
 
 void
 ewmh_autoquirk(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       int                     success, i;
-       unsigned long           *data = NULL, n;
-       Atom                    type;
+       int                     i;
+       unsigned long           n;
+       xcb_atom_t              type;
 
-       success = get_property(win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE].atom, (~0L),
-           XA_ATOM, &n, NULL, (void *)&data);
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       c;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *r;
 
-       if (!success) {
-               XFree(data);
+       c = xcb_get_property(conn, False, win->id,
+               ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 0, (~0L));
+       r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (!r)
                return;
-       }
+       n = xcb_get_property_value_length(r);
 
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               type = data[i];
+               type = *((xcb_atom_t *)xcb_get_property_value(r));
                if (type == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL].atom)
                        break;
                if (type == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK].atom ||
@@ -732,8 +844,7 @@ ewmh_autoquirk(struct ws_win *win)
                        break;
                }
        }
-
-       XFree(data);
+       free(r);
 }
 
 #define SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX      (6)
@@ -747,40 +858,37 @@ ewmh_autoquirk(struct ws_win *win)
 int
 ewmh_set_win_fullscreen(struct ws_win *win, int fs)
 {
-       struct swm_geometry     rg;
-
        if (!win->ws->r)
-               return 0;
+               return (0);
 
        if (!win->floating)
-               return 0;
+               return (0);
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "ewmh_set_win_fullscreen: window: 0x%lx, "
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "ewmh_set_win_fullscreen: window: 0x%x, "
            "fullscreen %s\n", win->id, YESNO(fs));
 
-       rg = win->ws->r->g;
-
        if (fs) {
-               store_float_geom(win, win->ws->r);
+               if (!win->g_floatvalid)
+                       store_float_geom(win, win->ws->r);
 
-               win->g = rg;
+               win->g = win->ws->r->g;
+               win->bordered = 0;
        } else {
                if (win->g_floatvalid) {
                        /* refloat at last floating relative position */
-                       X(win) = win->g_float.x - win->rg_float.x + rg.x;
-                       Y(win) = win->g_float.y - win->rg_float.y + rg.y;
-                       WIDTH(win) = win->g_float.w;
-                       HEIGHT(win) = win->g_float.h;
+                       win->g = win->g_float;
+                       X(win) += X(win->ws->r);
+                       Y(win) += Y(win->ws->r);
                }
        }
 
-       return 1;
+       return (1);
 }
 
 void
 ewmh_update_actions(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       Atom                    actions[SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX];
+       xcb_atom_t              actions[SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX];
        int                     n = 0;
 
        if (win == NULL)
@@ -793,8 +901,9 @@ ewmh_update_actions(struct ws_win *win)
                actions[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE].atom;
        }
 
-       XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS].atom,
-           XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)actions, n);
+       xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
+               ewmh[_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+               actions);
 }
 
 #define _NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE   0    /* remove/unset property */
@@ -852,36 +961,37 @@ ewmh_update_win_state(struct ws_win *win, long state, long action)
                            win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN))
                                win->ewmh_flags = orig_flags; /* revert */
 
-       XDeleteProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom);
+       xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom);
 
        if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-                   XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeAppend,
-                   (unsigned char *)&ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN].atom, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, win->id,
+                       ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                       &ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN].atom);
        if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_SKIP_PAGER)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-                   XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeAppend,
-                   (unsigned char *)&ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER].atom, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, win->id,
+                       ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                       &ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER].atom);
        if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_SKIP_TASKBAR)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-                   XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeAppend,
-                   (unsigned char *)&ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR].atom, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, win->id,
+                       ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                       &ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR].atom);
        if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_ABOVE)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-                   XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeAppend,
-                   (unsigned char *)&ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE].atom, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, win->id,
+                       ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                       &ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE].atom);
        if (win->ewmh_flags & SWM_F_MANUAL)
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-                   XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeAppend,
-                   (unsigned char *)&ewmh[_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL].atom, 1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, win->id,
+                       ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
+                       &ewmh[_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL].atom);
 }
 
 void
 ewmh_get_win_state(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       int                     success, i;
-       unsigned long           n;
-       Atom                    *states;
+       xcb_atom_t                      *states;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       c;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *r;
+       int                             i, n;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
@@ -892,16 +1002,19 @@ ewmh_get_win_state(struct ws_win *win)
        if (win->manual)
                win->ewmh_flags |= SWM_F_MANUAL;
 
-       success = get_property(win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
-           (~0L), XA_ATOM, &n, NULL, (void *)&states);
-
-       if (!success)
+       c = xcb_get_property(conn, False, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
+               XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 0, (~0L));
+       r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (!r)
                return;
 
+       states = xcb_get_property_value(r);
+       n = xcb_get_property_value_length(r);
+
+       free(r);
+
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                ewmh_update_win_state(win, states[i], _NET_WM_STATE_ADD);
-
-       XFree(states);
 }
 
 /* events */
@@ -1015,7 +1128,7 @@ geteventname(XEvent *e)
                name = "Unknown";
        }
 
-       return name;
+       return (name);
 }
 
 char *
@@ -1031,15 +1144,16 @@ xrandr_geteventname(XEvent *e)
                name = "Unknown";
        }
 
-       return name;
+       return (name);
 }
 
 void
 dumpwins(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
-       struct ws_win           *win;
-       unsigned int            state;
-       XWindowAttributes       wa;
+       struct ws_win                           *win;
+       uint16_t                                state;
+       xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t      c;
+       xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t       *wa;
 
        if (r->ws == NULL) {
                warnx("dumpwins: invalid workspace");
@@ -1047,26 +1161,33 @@ dumpwins(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        }
 
        warnx("=== managed window list ws %02d ===", r->ws->idx);
-
        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->winlist, entry) {
                state = getstate(win->id);
-               if (!XGetWindowAttributes(display, win->id, &wa))
-                       warnx("window: 0x%lx, failed XGetWindowAttributes",
+               c = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, win->id);
+               wa = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+               if (wa) {
+                       warnx("window: 0x%x, map_state: %d, state: %u, "
+                               "transient: 0x%x", win->id, wa->map_state,
+                               state, win->transient);
+                       free(wa);
+               } else
+                       warnx("window: 0x%x, failed xcb_get_window_attributes",
                            win->id);
-               warnx("window: 0x%lx, map_state: %d, state: %d, "
-                   "transient: 0x%lx", win->id, wa.map_state, state,
-                   win->transient);
        }
 
        warnx("===== unmanaged window list =====");
        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->unmanagedlist, entry) {
                state = getstate(win->id);
-               if (!XGetWindowAttributes(display, win->id, &wa))
-                       warnx("window: 0x%lx, failed XGetWindowAttributes",
+               c = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, win->id);
+               wa = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+               if (wa) {
+                       warnx("window: 0x%x, map_state: %d, state: %u, "
+                               "transient: 0x%x", win->id, wa->map_state,
+                               state, win->transient);
+                       free(wa);
+               } else
+                       warnx("window: 0x%x, failed xcb_get_window_attributes",
                            win->id);
-               warnx("window: 0x%lx, map_state: %d, state: %d, "
-                   "transient: 0x%lx", win->id, wa.map_state, state,
-                   win->transient);
        }
 
        warnx("=================================");
@@ -1179,26 +1300,34 @@ find_pid(long pid)
        return (NULL);
 }
 
-unsigned long
-name_to_color(char *colorname)
+uint32_t
+name_to_color(const char *colorname)
 {
-       Colormap                cmap;
-       Status                  status;
-       XColor                  screen_def, exact_def;
-       unsigned long           result = 0;
-       char                    cname[32] = "#";
+       uint32_t                        result = 0;
+       char                            cname[32] = "#";
+       xcb_screen_t                    *screen;
+       xcb_colormap_t                  cmap;
+       xcb_alloc_named_color_cookie_t  c;
+       xcb_alloc_named_color_reply_t   *r;
+
+       /* XXX - does not support rgb:/RR/GG/BB
+        *       will need to use xcb_alloc_color
+        */
+       screen = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(xcb_get_setup(conn)).data;
+       cmap = screen->default_colormap;
 
-       cmap = DefaultColormap(display, screens[0].idx);
-       status = XAllocNamedColor(display, cmap, colorname,
-           &screen_def, &exact_def);
-       if (!status) {
+       c = xcb_alloc_named_color(conn, cmap, strlen(colorname), colorname);
+       r = xcb_alloc_named_color_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (!r) {
                strlcat(cname, colorname + 2, sizeof cname - 1);
-               status = XAllocNamedColor(display, cmap, cname, &screen_def,
-                   &exact_def);
+               c = xcb_alloc_named_color(conn, cmap, strlen(cname),
+                       cname);
+               r = xcb_alloc_named_color_reply(conn, c, NULL);
        }
-       if (status)
-               result = screen_def.pixel;
-       else
+       if (r) {
+               result = r->pixel;
+               free(r);
+       } else
                warnx("color '%s' not found", colorname);
 
        return (result);
@@ -1207,13 +1336,16 @@ name_to_color(char *colorname)
 void
 setscreencolor(char *val, int i, int c)
 {
-       if (i > 0 && i <= ScreenCount(display)) {
+       int     num_screens;
+
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       if (i > 0 && i <= num_screens) {
                screens[i - 1].c[c].color = name_to_color(val);
                free(screens[i - 1].c[c].name);
                if ((screens[i - 1].c[c].name = strdup(val)) == NULL)
                        err(1, "strdup");
        } else if (i == -1) {
-               for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+               for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                        screens[i].c[c].color = name_to_color(val);
                        free(screens[i].c[c].name);
                        if ((screens[i].c[c].name = strdup(val)) == NULL)
@@ -1221,7 +1353,7 @@ setscreencolor(char *val, int i, int c)
                }
        } else
                errx(1, "invalid screen index: %d out of bounds (maximum %d)",
-                   i, ScreenCount(display));
+                   i, num_screens);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1254,13 +1386,15 @@ void
 custom_region(char *val)
 {
        unsigned int                    sidx, x, y, w, h;
+       int                             num_screens;
 
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
        if (sscanf(val, "screen[%u]:%ux%u+%u+%u", &sidx, &w, &h, &x, &y) != 5)
                errx(1, "invalid custom region, "
                    "should be 'screen[<n>]:<n>x<n>+<n>+<n>");
-       if (sidx < 1 || sidx > ScreenCount(display))
+       if (sidx < 1 || sidx > num_screens)
                errx(1, "invalid screen index: %d out of bounds (maximum %d)",
-                   sidx, ScreenCount(display));
+                   sidx, num_screens);
        sidx--;
 
        if (w < 1 || h < 1)
@@ -1292,14 +1426,12 @@ socket_setnonblock(int fd)
 }
 
 void
-bar_print(struct swm_region *r, char *s)
+bar_print(struct swm_region *r, const char *s)
 {
        int                     x = 0;
        size_t                  len;
        XRectangle              ibox, lbox;
 
-       XClearWindow(display, r->bar_window);
-
        len = strlen(s);
        XmbTextExtents(bar_fs, s, len, &ibox, &lbox);
 
@@ -1318,9 +1450,21 @@ bar_print(struct swm_region *r, char *s)
        if (x < SWM_BAR_OFFSET)
                x = SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
 
-       DRAWSTRING(display, r->bar_window, bar_fs, r->s->bar_gc,
-           x, (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height - lbox.height) / 2 -
-           lbox.y, s, len);
+       /* clear back buffer */
+       XSetForeground(display, r->s->bar_gc, r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].color);
+       XFillRectangle(display, r->bar->buffer, r->s->bar_gc, 0, 0,
+           WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
+
+       /* draw back buffer */
+       XSetForeground(display, r->s->bar_gc,
+           r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].color);
+       DRAWSTRING(display, r->bar->buffer, bar_fs, r->s->bar_gc,
+               x, (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height - lbox.height) / 2 -
+               lbox.y, s, len);
+
+       /* blt */
+       XCopyArea(display, r->bar->buffer, r->bar->id, r->s->bar_gc, 0, 0,
+           WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar), 0, 0);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1339,108 +1483,336 @@ bar_extra_stop(void)
 }
 
 void
-bar_class_name(char *s, ssize_t sz, struct ws_win *cur_focus)
+bar_class_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
 {
-       int                     do_class, do_name;
-       Status                  status;
-       XClassHint              *xch = NULL;
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (r->ws->focus->ch.res_class != NULL)
+               strlcat(s, r->ws->focus->ch.res_class, sz);
+}
 
-       if ((title_name_enabled == 1 || title_class_enabled == 1) &&
-           cur_focus != NULL) {
-               if ((xch = XAllocClassHint()) == NULL)
-                       goto out;
-               status = XGetClassHint(display, cur_focus->id, xch);
-               if (status == BadWindow || status == BadAlloc)
-                       goto out;
-               do_class = (title_class_enabled && xch->res_class != NULL);
-               do_name = (title_name_enabled && xch->res_name != NULL);
-               if (do_class)
-                       strlcat(s, xch->res_class, sz);
-               if (do_class && do_name)
-                       strlcat(s, ":", sz);
-               if (do_name)
-                       strlcat(s, xch->res_name, sz);
-               strlcat(s, "    ", sz);
-       }
-out:
-       if (xch) {
-               XFree(xch->res_name);
-               XFree(xch->res_class);
-               XFree(xch);
-       }
+void
+bar_title_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
+{
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (r->ws->focus->ch.res_name != NULL)
+               strlcat(s, r->ws->focus->ch.res_name, sz);
+}
+
+void
+bar_class_title_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
+{
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       bar_class_name(s, sz, r);
+       strlcat(s, ":", sz);
+       bar_title_name(s, sz, r);
 }
 
 void
-bar_window_name(char *s, ssize_t sz, struct ws_win *cur_focus)
+bar_window_float(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
+{
+       if (r == NULL || r ->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (r->ws->focus->floating)
+               strlcat(s, "(f)", sz);
+}
+
+void
+bar_window_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
 {
        unsigned char           *title;
 
-       if (window_name_enabled && cur_focus != NULL) {
-               title = get_win_name(cur_focus->id);
-               if (title != NULL) {
-                       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_window_name: title: %s\n",
-                           title);
-
-                       if (cur_focus->floating)
-                               strlcat(s, "(f) ", sz);
-                       strlcat(s, (char *)title, sz);
-                       strlcat(s, " ", sz);
-                       XFree(title);
-               }
-       }
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
+               return;
+       if ((title = get_win_name(r->ws->focus->id)) == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       strlcat(s, (char *)title, sz);
+       XFree(title);
 }
 
 int            urgent[SWM_WS_MAX];
 void
-bar_urgent(char *s, ssize_t sz)
+bar_urgent(char *s, size_t sz)
 {
-       XWMHints                *wmh = NULL;
        struct ws_win           *win;
-       int                     i, j;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
        char                    b[8];
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       c;
+       xcb_icccm_wm_hints_t    hints;
 
-       if (urgent_enabled == 0)
-               return;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < SWM_WS_MAX; i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++)
                urgent[i] = 0;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry) {
-                               wmh = XGetWMHints(display, win->id);
-                               if (wmh == NULL)
+                               c = xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints(conn, win->id);
+                               if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints_reply(conn, c,
+                                               &hints, NULL) == 0)
                                        continue;
-
-                               if (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint)
+                               if (hints.flags & XCB_ICCCM_WM_HINT_X_URGENCY)
                                        urgent[j] = 1;
-                               XFree(wmh);
                        }
 
-       strlcat(s, "* ", sz);
-       for (i = 0; i < SWM_WS_MAX; i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++) {
                if (urgent[i])
                        snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%d ", i + 1);
                else
                        snprintf(b, sizeof b, "- ");
                strlcat(s, b, sz);
        }
-       strlcat(s, "*    ", sz);
 }
 
 void
-bar_update(void)
+bar_workspace_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
 {
-       time_t                  tmt;
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (r->ws->name != NULL)
+               strlcat(s, r->ws->name, sz);
+}
+
+/* build the default bar format according to the defined enabled options */
+void
+bar_fmt(const char *fmtexp, char *fmtnew, struct swm_region *r, size_t sz)
+{
+       /* if format provided, just copy the buffers */
+       if (bar_format != NULL) {
+               strlcpy(fmtnew, fmtexp, sz);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* reset the output buffer */
+       *fmtnew = '\0';
+
+       strlcat(fmtnew, "+N:+I ", sz);
+       if (stack_enabled)
+               strlcat(fmtnew, "+S", sz);
+       strlcat(fmtnew, " ", sz);
+
+       /* only show the workspace name if there's actually one */
+       if (r != NULL && r->ws != NULL && r->ws->name != NULL)
+               strlcat(fmtnew, "<+D>", sz);
+       strlcat(fmtnew, "+3<", sz);
+
+       if (clock_enabled) {
+               strlcat(fmtnew, fmtexp, sz);
+               strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<", sz);
+       }
+
+       /* bar_urgent already adds the space before the last asterisk */
+       if (urgent_enabled)
+               strlcat(fmtnew, "* +U*+4<", sz);
+
+       if (title_class_enabled) {
+               strlcat(fmtnew, "+C", sz);
+               if (title_name_enabled == 0)
+                       strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<", sz);
+       }
+
+       /* checks needed by the colon and floating strlcat(3) calls below */
+       if (r != NULL && r->ws != NULL && r->ws->focus != NULL) {
+               if (title_name_enabled) {
+                       if (title_class_enabled)
+                               strlcat(fmtnew, ":", sz);
+                       strlcat(fmtnew, "+T+4<", sz);
+               }
+               if (window_name_enabled) {
+                       if (r->ws->focus->floating)
+                               strlcat(fmtnew, "+F ", sz);
+                       strlcat(fmtnew, "+64W ", sz);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* finally add the action script output and the version */
+       strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<+A+4<+V", sz);
+}
+
+void
+bar_replace_pad(char *tmp, int *limit, size_t sz)
+{
+       /* special case; no limit given, pad one space, instead */
+       if (*limit == sz - 1)
+               *limit = 1;
+       snprintf(tmp, sz, "%*s", *limit, " ");
+}
+
+/* replaces the bar format character sequences (like in tmux(1)) */
+char *
+bar_replace_seq(char *fmt, char *fmtrep, struct swm_region *r, size_t *offrep,
+    size_t sz)
+{
+       char                    *ptr;
+       char                    tmp[SWM_BAR_MAX];
+       int                     limit, size;
+       size_t                  len;
+
+       /* reset strlcat(3) buffer */
+       *tmp = '\0';
+
+       /* get number, if any */
+       fmt++;
+       size = 0;
+       if (sscanf(fmt, "%d%n", &limit, &size) != 1)
+               limit = sizeof tmp - 1;
+       if (limit <= 0 || limit >= sizeof tmp)
+               limit = sizeof tmp - 1;
+
+       /* there is nothing to replace (ie EOL) */
+       fmt += size;
+       if (*fmt == '\0')
+               return (fmt);
+
+       switch (*fmt) {
+       case '<':
+               bar_replace_pad(tmp, &limit, sizeof tmp);
+               break;
+       case 'A':
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", bar_ext);
+               break;
+       case 'C':
+               bar_class_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       case 'D':
+               bar_workspace_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       case 'F':
+               bar_window_float(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       case 'I':
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", r->ws->idx + 1);
+               break;
+       case 'N':
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", r->s->idx + 1);
+               break;
+       case 'P':
+               bar_class_title_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       case 'S':
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", r->ws->stacker);
+               break;
+       case 'T':
+               bar_title_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       case 'U':
+               bar_urgent(tmp, sizeof tmp);
+               break;
+       case 'V':
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", bar_vertext);
+               break;
+       case 'W':
+               bar_window_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
+               break;
+       default:
+               /* unknown character sequence; copy as-is */
+               snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "+%c", *fmt);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       len = strlen(tmp);
+       ptr = tmp;
+       if (len < limit)
+               limit = len;
+       while (limit-- > 0) {
+               if (*offrep >= sz - 1)
+                       break;
+               fmtrep[(*offrep)++] = *ptr++;
+       }
+
+       fmt++;
+       return (fmt);
+}
+
+void
+bar_replace(char *fmt, char *fmtrep, struct swm_region *r, size_t sz)
+{
+       size_t                  off;
+
+       off = 0;
+       while (*fmt != '\0') {
+               if (*fmt != '+') {
+                       /* skip ordinary characters */
+                       if (off >= sz - 1)
+                               break;
+                       fmtrep[off++] = *fmt++;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* character sequence found; replace it */
+               fmt = bar_replace_seq(fmt, fmtrep, r, &off, sz);
+               if (off >= sz - 1)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       fmtrep[off] = '\0';
+}
+
+void
+bar_fmt_expand(char *fmtexp, size_t sz)
+{
+       char                    *fmt = NULL;
+       size_t                  len;
        struct tm               tm;
+       time_t                  tmt;
+
+       /* start by grabbing the current time and date */
+       time(&tmt);
+       localtime_r(&tmt, &tm);
+
+       /* figure out what to expand */
+       if (bar_format != NULL)
+               fmt = bar_format;
+       else if (bar_format == NULL && clock_enabled)
+               fmt = clock_format;
+       /* if nothing to expand bail out */
+       if (fmt == NULL) {
+               *fmtexp = '\0';
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* copy as-is, just in case the format shouldn't be expanded below */
+       strlcpy(fmtexp, fmt, sz);
+       /* finally pass the string through strftime(3) */
+#ifndef SWM_DENY_CLOCK_FORMAT
+       if ((len = strftime(fmtexp, sz, fmt, &tm)) == 0)
+               warnx("format too long");
+       fmtexp[len] = '\0';
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+bar_fmt_print(void)
+{
+       char                    fmtexp[SWM_BAR_MAX], fmtnew[SWM_BAR_MAX];
+       char                    fmtrep[SWM_BAR_MAX];
+       int                     i, num_screens;
        struct swm_region       *r;
-       int                     i, x;
+
+       /* expand the format by first passing it through strftime(3) */
+       bar_fmt_expand(fmtexp, sizeof fmtexp);
+
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
+               TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
+                       if (r->bar == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       bar_fmt(fmtexp, fmtnew, r, sizeof fmtnew);
+                       bar_replace(fmtnew, fmtrep, r, sizeof fmtrep);
+                       bar_print(r, fmtrep);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void
+bar_update(void)
+{
        size_t                  len;
-       char                    ws[SWM_BAR_MAX];
-       char                    s[SWM_BAR_MAX];
-       unsigned char           cn[SWM_BAR_MAX];
-       char                    loc[SWM_BAR_MAX];
-       char                    *b, *stack = "";
+       char                    *b;
 
        if (bar_enabled == 0)
                return;
@@ -1458,50 +1830,10 @@ bar_update(void)
        } else
                strlcpy((char *)bar_ext, "", sizeof bar_ext);
 
-       if (clock_enabled == 0)
-               strlcpy(s, "", sizeof s);
-       else {
-               time(&tmt);
-               localtime_r(&tmt, &tm);
-               len = strftime(s, sizeof s, clock_format, &tm);
-               s[len] = '\0';
-               strlcat(s, "    ", sizeof s);
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
-               x = 1;
-               TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
-                       strlcpy((char *)cn, "", sizeof cn);
-                       strlcpy(ws, "", sizeof ws);
-                       if (r && r->ws) {
-                               bar_urgent((char *)cn, sizeof cn);
-                               bar_class_name((char *)cn, sizeof cn,
-                                   r->ws->focus);
-                               bar_window_name((char *)cn, sizeof cn,
-                                   r->ws->focus);
-                               if (r->ws->name)
-                                       snprintf(ws, sizeof ws, "<%s>",
-                                           r->ws->name);
-                       }
-                       if (stack_enabled)
-                               stack = r->ws->stacker;
-
-                       snprintf(loc, sizeof loc, "%d:%d %s %s   %s%s    %s    "
-                           "%s", x++, r->ws->idx + 1, stack, ws, s, cn,
-                           bar_ext, bar_vertext);
-                       bar_print(r, loc);
-               }
-       }
+       bar_fmt_print();
        alarm(bar_delay);
 }
 
-void
-bar_check_opts(void)
-{
-       if (title_class_enabled || title_name_enabled || window_name_enabled)
-               bar_update();
-}
-
 void
 bar_signal(int sig)
 {
@@ -1512,18 +1844,22 @@ void
 bar_toggle(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
        struct swm_region       *tmpr;
-       int                     i, sc = ScreenCount(display);
+       int                     i, num_screens;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_toggle\n");
 
-       if (bar_enabled)
-               for (i = 0; i < sc; i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       if (bar_enabled) {
+               for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(tmpr, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                               XUnmapWindow(display, tmpr->bar_window);
-       else
-               for (i = 0; i < sc; i++)
+                               if (tmpr->bar)
+                                       xcb_unmap_window(conn, tmpr->bar->id);
+       } else {
+               for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(tmpr, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                               XMapRaised(display, tmpr->bar_window);
+                               if (tmpr->bar)
+                                       map_window_raised(tmpr->bar->id);
+       }
 
        bar_enabled = !bar_enabled;
 
@@ -1535,9 +1871,9 @@ bar_toggle(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 void
 bar_refresh(void)
 {
-       XSetWindowAttributes    wa;
        struct swm_region       *r;
-       int                     i;
+       uint32_t                wa[2];
+       int                     i, num_screens;
 
        /* do this here because the conf file is in memory */
        if (bar_extra && bar_extra_running == 0 && bar_argv[0]) {
@@ -1568,15 +1904,15 @@ bar_refresh(void)
                }
        }
 
-       bzero(&wa, sizeof wa);
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
-                       wa.border_pixel =
-                           screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].color;
-                       wa.background_pixel =
-                           screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].color;
-                       XChangeWindowAttributes(display, r->bar_window,
-                           CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel, &wa);
+                       if (r->bar == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       wa[0] = screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].color;
+                       wa[1] = screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].color;
+                       xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, r->bar->id,
+                               XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL, wa);
                }
        bar_update();
 }
@@ -1587,13 +1923,15 @@ bar_setup(struct swm_region *r)
        char                    *default_string;
        char                    **missing_charsets;
        int                     num_missing_charsets = 0;
-       int                     i, x, y;
+       int                     i;
 
        if (bar_fs) {
                XFreeFontSet(display, bar_fs);
                bar_fs = NULL;
        }
 
+       if ((r->bar = calloc(1, sizeof(struct swm_bar))) == NULL)
+               err(1, "bar_setup: calloc: failed to allocate memory.");
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_setup: loading bar_fonts: %s\n", bar_fonts);
 
@@ -1626,62 +1964,85 @@ bar_setup(struct swm_region *r)
        if (bar_height < 1)
                bar_height = 1;
 
-       x = X(r);
-       y = bar_at_bottom ? (Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - bar_height) : Y(r);
+       X(r->bar) = X(r);
+       Y(r->bar) = bar_at_bottom ? (Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - bar_height) : Y(r);
+       WIDTH(r->bar) = WIDTH(r) - 2 * bar_border_width;
+       HEIGHT(r->bar) = bar_height - 2 * bar_border_width;
 
-       r->bar_window = XCreateSimpleWindow(display,
-           r->s->root, x, y, WIDTH(r) - 2 * bar_border_width,
-           bar_height - 2 * bar_border_width,
+       r->bar->id = XCreateSimpleWindow(display,
+           r->s->root, X(r->bar), Y(r->bar), WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar),
            bar_border_width, r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].color,
            r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].color);
-       XSelectInput(display, r->bar_window, VisibilityChangeMask);
+
+       r->bar->buffer = XCreatePixmap(display, r->bar->id, WIDTH(r->bar),
+           HEIGHT(r->bar), DefaultDepth(display, r->s->idx));
+
+       xcb_randr_select_input(conn, r->bar->id,
+               XCB_RANDR_NOTIFY_MASK_OUTPUT_CHANGE);
+
        if (bar_enabled)
-               XMapRaised(display, r->bar_window);
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_setup: bar_window: 0x%lx\n", r->bar_window);
+               map_window_raised(r->bar->id);
+
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_setup: window: 0x%x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) "
+           "%d x %d\n", WINID(r->bar), X(r->bar), Y(r->bar), WIDTH(r->bar),
+           HEIGHT(r->bar));
 
        if (signal(SIGALRM, bar_signal) == SIG_ERR)
                err(1, "could not install bar_signal");
        bar_refresh();
 }
 
+void
+bar_cleanup(struct swm_region *r)
+{
+       if (r->bar == NULL)
+               return;
+       xcb_destroy_window(conn, r->bar->id);
+       xcb_free_pixmap(conn, r->bar->buffer);
+       free(r->bar);
+       r->bar = NULL;
+}
+
 void
 drain_enter_notify(void)
 {
        int                     i = 0;
-       XEvent                  cne;
 
-       while (XCheckMaskEvent(display, EnterWindowMask, &cne))
+       while (xcb_poll_for_event(conn))
                i++;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "drain_enter_notify: drained: %d\n", i);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "drain_enter_notify: drained: %d\n", i);
 }
 
 void
-set_win_state(struct ws_win *win, long state)
+set_win_state(struct ws_win *win, uint16_t state)
 {
-       long                    data[] = {state, None};
+       uint16_t                data[2] = { state, XCB_ATOM_NONE };
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "set_win_state: window: 0x%lx\n", win->id);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "set_win_state: window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       XChangeProperty(display, win->id, astate, astate, 32, PropModeReplace,
-           (unsigned char *)data, 2);
+       xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id, astate,
+               astate, 32, 2, data);
 }
 
-long
-getstate(Window w)
+uint16_t
+getstate(xcb_window_t w)
 {
-       long                    result = -1;
-       unsigned char           *p = NULL;
-       unsigned long           n;
+       uint16_t                        result = 0;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       c;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *r;
+
+       c = xcb_get_property(conn, False, w, astate, astate, 0L, 2L);
+       r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+
+       if (r) {
+               result = *((uint16_t *)xcb_get_property_value(r));
+               free(r);
+       }
 
-       if (!get_property(w, astate, 2L, astate, &n, NULL, &p))
-               return (-1);
-       if (n != 0)
-               result = *((long *)p);
-       XFree(p);
        return (result);
 }
 
@@ -1698,34 +2059,38 @@ version(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 }
 
 void
-client_msg(struct ws_win *win, Atom a)
+client_msg(struct ws_win *win, xcb_atom_t a)
 {
-       XClientMessageEvent     cm;
+       xcb_client_message_event_t      ev;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       bzero(&cm, sizeof cm);
-       cm.type = ClientMessage;
-       cm.window = win->id;
-       cm.message_type = aprot;
-       cm.format = 32;
-       cm.data.l[0] = a;
-       cm.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
-       XSendEvent(display, win->id, False, 0L, (XEvent *)&cm);
+       bzero(&ev, sizeof ev);
+       ev.response_type = XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE;
+       ev.window = win->id;
+       ev.type = aprot;
+       ev.format = 32;
+       ev.data.data32[0] = a;
+       ev.data.data32[1] = XCB_CURRENT_TIME;
+
+       xcb_send_event(conn, False, win->id,
+               XCB_EVENT_MASK_NO_EVENT, (const char *)&ev);
+       xcb_flush(conn);
 }
 
 /* synthetic response to a ConfigureRequest when not making a change */
 void
 config_win(struct ws_win *win, XConfigureRequestEvent  *ev)
 {
-       XConfigureEvent         ce;
+       xcb_configure_notify_event_t ce;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
        /* send notification of unchanged state. */
-       ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
+       bzero(&ce, sizeof(ce));
+       ce.response_type = XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY;
        ce.x = X(win);
        ce.y = Y(win);
        ce.width = WIDTH(win);
@@ -1734,20 +2099,18 @@ config_win(struct ws_win *win, XConfigureRequestEvent  *ev)
 
        if (ev == NULL) {
                /* EWMH */
-               ce.display = display;
                ce.event = win->id;
                ce.window = win->id;
-               ce.border_width = border_width;
-               ce.above = None;
+               ce.border_width = BORDER(win);
+               ce.above_sibling = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
        } else {
                /* normal */
-               ce.display = ev->display;
                ce.event = ev->window;
                ce.window = ev->window;
 
                /* make response appear more WM_SIZE_HINTS-compliant */
                if (win->sh_mask)
-                       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "config_win: hints: window: 0x%lx,"
+                       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "config_win: hints: window: 0x%x,"
                            " sh_mask: %ld, min: %d x %d, max: %d x %d, inc: "
                            "%d x %d\n", win->id, win->sh_mask, SH_MIN_W(win),
                            SH_MIN_H(win), SH_MAX_W(win), SH_MAX_H(win),
@@ -1782,17 +2145,19 @@ config_win(struct ws_win *win, XConfigureRequestEvent  *ev)
                }
 
                /* adjust x and y for requested border_width. */
-               ce.x += border_width - ev->border_width;
-               ce.y += border_width - ev->border_width;
+               ce.x += BORDER(win) - ev->border_width;
+               ce.y += BORDER(win) - ev->border_width;
                ce.border_width = ev->border_width;
-               ce.above = ev->above;
+               ce.above_sibling = ev->above;
        }
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "config_win: ewmh: %s, window: 0x%lx, (x,y) w x h: "
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "config_win: ewmh: %s, window: 0x%x, (x,y) w x h: "
            "(%d,%d) %d x %d, border: %d\n", YESNO(ev == NULL), win->id, ce.x,
            ce.y, ce.width, ce.height, ce.border_width);
 
-       XSendEvent(display, win->id, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
+       xcb_send_event(conn, False, win->id, XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY,
+               (char *)&ce);
+       xcb_flush(conn);
 }
 
 int
@@ -1829,57 +2194,64 @@ unmap_window(struct ws_win *win)
                return;
 
        /* don't unmap again */
-       if (getstate(win->id) == IconicState)
+       if (getstate(win->id) == XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC)
                return;
 
-       set_win_state(win, IconicState);
+       set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC);
 
-       XUnmapWindow(display, win->id);
-       XSetWindowBorder(display, win->id,
-           win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
+       xcb_unmap_window(conn, win->id);
+       xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, win->id,
+               XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL, &win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
 }
 
 void
 unmap_all(void)
 {
        struct ws_win           *win;
-       int                     i, j;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
                                unmap_window(win);
 }
 
 void
-fake_keypress(struct ws_win *win, int keysym, int modifiers)
+fake_keypress(struct ws_win *win, xcb_keysym_t keysym, uint16_t modifiers)
 {
-       XKeyEvent event;
+       xcb_key_press_event_t   event;
+       xcb_key_symbols_t       *syms;
+       xcb_keycode_t           *keycode;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       event.display = display;        /* Ignored, but what the hell */
-       event.window = win->id;
+       syms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(conn);
+       keycode = xcb_key_symbols_get_keycode(syms, keysym);
+
+       event.event = win->id;
        event.root = win->s->root;
-       event.subwindow = None;
-       event.time = CurrentTime;
-       event.x = X(win);
-       event.y = Y(win);
-       event.x_root = 1;
-       event.y_root = 1;
+       event.child = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
+       event.time = XCB_CURRENT_TIME;
+       event.event_x = X(win);
+       event.event_y = Y(win);
+       event.root_x = 1;
+       event.root_y = 1;
        event.same_screen = True;
-       event.keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(display, keysym);
+       event.detail = *keycode;
        event.state = modifiers;
 
-       event.type = KeyPress;
-       XSendEvent(event.display, event.window, True,
-           KeyPressMask, (XEvent *)&event);
+       event.response_type = XCB_KEY_PRESS;
+       xcb_send_event(conn, win->id, True,
+                XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_PRESS, (char *)&event);
 
-       event.type = KeyRelease;
-       XSendEvent(event.display, event.window, True,
-           KeyPressMask, (XEvent *)&event);
+       event.response_type = XCB_KEY_RELEASE;
+       xcb_send_event(conn, win->id, True,
+               XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE, (char *)&event);
+       xcb_flush(conn);
 
+       xcb_key_symbols_free(syms);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1902,24 +2274,32 @@ restart(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 }
 
 struct swm_region *
-root_to_region(Window root)
+root_to_region(xcb_window_t root)
 {
        struct swm_region       *r = NULL;
-       Window                  rr, cr;
-       int                     i, x, y, wx, wy;
-       unsigned int            mask;
+       int                     i, num_screens;
+       xcb_query_pointer_cookie_t      qpc;
+       xcb_query_pointer_reply_t       *qpr;
+
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "root_to_region: window: 0x%x\n", root);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                if (screens[i].root == root)
                        break;
 
-       if (XQueryPointer(display, screens[i].root,
-           &rr, &cr, &x, &y, &wx, &wy, &mask) != False) {
+       qpc = xcb_query_pointer(conn, screens[i].root);
+       qpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, qpc, NULL);
+
+       if (qpr) {
+               DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "root_to_region: pointer: (%d,%d)\n",
+                   qpr->root_x, qpr->root_y);
                /* choose a region based on pointer location */
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                       if (x >= X(r) && x <= X(r) + WIDTH(r) &&
-                           y >= Y(r) && y <= Y(r) + HEIGHT(r))
+                       if (X(r) <= qpr->root_x && qpr->root_x < MAX_X(r) &&
+                           Y(r) <= qpr->root_y && qpr->root_y < MAX_Y(r))
                                break;
+               free(qpr);
        }
 
        if (r == NULL)
@@ -1929,13 +2309,14 @@ root_to_region(Window root)
 }
 
 struct ws_win *
-find_unmanaged_window(Window id)
+find_unmanaged_window(xcb_window_t id)
 {
        struct ws_win           *win;
-       int                     i, j;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].unmanagedlist,
                            entry)
                                if (id == win->id)
@@ -1944,36 +2325,39 @@ find_unmanaged_window(Window id)
 }
 
 struct ws_win *
-find_window(Window id)
+find_window(xcb_window_t id)
 {
        struct ws_win           *win;
-       Window                  wrr, wpr, *wcr = NULL;
-       int                     i, j;
-       unsigned int            nc;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
+       xcb_query_tree_cookie_t c;
+       xcb_query_tree_reply_t  *r;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
                                if (id == win->id)
                                        return (win);
 
-       /* if we were looking for the parent return that window instead */
-       if (XQueryTree(display, id, &wrr, &wpr, &wcr, &nc) == 0)
+       c = xcb_query_tree(conn, id);
+       r = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (!r)
                return (NULL);
-       if (wcr)
-               XFree(wcr);
 
-       /* ignore not found and root */
-       if (wpr == 0 || wrr == wpr)
+       /* if we were looking for the parent return that window instead */
+       if (r->parent == 0 || r->root == r->parent)
                return (NULL);
 
        /* look for parent */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
-                               if (wpr == win->id)
+                               if (r->parent == win->id) {
+                                       free(r);
                                        return (win);
+                               }
 
+       free(r);
        return (NULL);
 }
 
@@ -1986,7 +2370,7 @@ spawn(int ws_idx, union arg *args, int close_fd)
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "spawn: %s\n", args->argv[0]);
 
        if (display)
-               close(ConnectionNumber(display));
+               close(xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn));
 
        setenv("LD_PRELOAD", SWM_LIB, 1);
 
@@ -2033,31 +2417,20 @@ spawn(int ws_idx, union arg *args, int close_fd)
        _exit(1);
 }
 
-void
-spawnterm(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
-{
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "spawnterm\n");
-
-       if (fork() == 0) {
-               if (term_width)
-                       setenv("_SWM_XTERM_FONTADJ", "", 1);
-               spawn(r->ws->idx, args, 1);
-       }
-}
-
 void
 kill_refs(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       int                     i, x;
+       int                     i, x, num_screens;
        struct swm_region       *r;
        struct workspace        *ws;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                       for (x = 0; x < SWM_WS_MAX; x++) {
+                       for (x = 0; x < workspace_limit; x++) {
                                ws = &r->s->ws[x];
                                if (win == ws->focus)
                                        ws->focus = NULL;
@@ -2072,14 +2445,15 @@ validate_win(struct ws_win *testwin)
        struct ws_win           *win;
        struct workspace        *ws;
        struct swm_region       *r;
-       int                     i, x;
+       int                     i, x, num_screens;
 
        if (testwin == NULL)
                return (0);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                       for (x = 0; x < SWM_WS_MAX; x++) {
+                       for (x = 0; x < workspace_limit; x++) {
                                ws = &r->s->ws[x];
                                TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry)
                                        if (win == testwin)
@@ -2093,12 +2467,13 @@ validate_ws(struct workspace *testws)
 {
        struct swm_region       *r;
        struct workspace        *ws;
-       int                     i, x;
+       int                     i, x, num_screens;
 
        /* validate all ws */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                       for (x = 0; x < SWM_WS_MAX; x++) {
+                       for (x = 0; x < workspace_limit; x++) {
                                ws = &r->s->ws[x];
                                if (ws == testws)
                                        return (0);
@@ -2110,9 +2485,9 @@ void
 unfocus_win(struct ws_win *win)
 {
        XEvent                  cne;
-       Window                  none = None;
+       xcb_window_t            none = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "unfocus_win: window: 0x%lx\n", WINID(win));
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "unfocus_win: window: 0x%x\n", WINID(win));
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
@@ -2149,24 +2524,24 @@ unfocus_win(struct ws_win *win)
                ;
 
        grabbuttons(win, 0);
-       XSetWindowBorder(display, win->id,
-           win->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
-
-       XChangeProperty(display, win->s->root,
-           ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XA_WINDOW, 32,
-           PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&none,1);
+       xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, win->id, XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL,
+               &win->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
+       xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->s->root,
+               ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1,
+               &none);
 }
 
 void
 unfocus_all(void)
 {
        struct ws_win           *win;
-       int                     i, j;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "unfocus_all\n");
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
-               for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
                                unfocus_win(win);
 }
@@ -2175,12 +2550,12 @@ void
 focus_win(struct ws_win *win)
 {
        XEvent                  cne;
-       Window                  cur_focus;
-       int                     rr;
        struct ws_win           *cfw = NULL;
+       xcb_get_input_focus_cookie_t    c;
+       xcb_get_input_focus_reply_t     *r;
+       xcb_window_t                    cur_focus = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
 
-
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_win: window: 0x%lx\n", WINID(win));
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_win: window: 0x%x\n", WINID(win));
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
@@ -2200,15 +2575,21 @@ focus_win(struct ws_win *win)
                return;
        }
 
-       XGetInputFocus(display, &cur_focus, &rr);
+       c = xcb_get_input_focus(conn);
+       r = xcb_get_input_focus_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (r) {
+               cur_focus = r->focus;
+               free(r);
+       }
        if ((cfw = find_window(cur_focus)) != NULL)
                unfocus_win(cfw);
        else {
                /* use larger hammer since the window was killed somehow */
                TAILQ_FOREACH(cfw, &win->ws->winlist, entry)
                        if (cfw->ws && cfw->ws->r && cfw->ws->r->s)
-                               XSetWindowBorder(display, cfw->id,
-                                   cfw->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
+                               xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, cfw->id,
+                                       XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL,
+                                       &cfw->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
        }
 
        win->ws->focus = win;
@@ -2219,21 +2600,22 @@ focus_win(struct ws_win *win)
                        ;
 
                if (win->java == 0)
-                       XSetInputFocus(display, win->id,
-                           RevertToParent, CurrentTime);
+                       xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_PARENT,
+                               win->id, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
                grabbuttons(win, 1);
-               XSetWindowBorder(display, win->id,
-                   win->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS].color);
+               xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, win->id,
+                       XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL,
+                       &win->ws->r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS].color);
                if (win->ws->cur_layout->flags & SWM_L_MAPONFOCUS ||
                    win->ws->always_raise)
-                       XMapRaised(display, win->id);
+                       map_window_raised(win->id);
 
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->s->root,
-                   ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XA_WINDOW, 32,
-                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&win->id,1);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->s->root,
+                       ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1,
+                       &win->id);
        }
 
-       bar_check_opts();
+       bar_update();
 }
 
 void
@@ -2248,6 +2630,9 @@ switchws(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        if (!(r && r->s))
                return;
 
+       if (wsid >= workspace_limit)
+               return;
+
        this_r = r;
        old_ws = this_r->ws;
        new_ws = &this_r->s->ws[wsid];
@@ -2282,8 +2667,6 @@ switchws(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        a.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSCUR;
        focus(new_ws->r, &a);
 
-       bar_update();
-
        /* unmap old windows */
        if (unmap_old)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &old_ws->winlist, entry)
@@ -2310,7 +2693,7 @@ cyclews(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                        cycle_all = 1;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP:
-                       if (a.id < SWM_WS_MAX - 1)
+                       if (a.id < workspace_limit - 1)
                                a.id++;
                        else
                                a.id = 0;
@@ -2322,7 +2705,7 @@ cyclews(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                        if (a.id > 0)
                                a.id--;
                        else
-                               a.id = SWM_WS_MAX - 1;
+                               a.id = workspace_limit - 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        return;
@@ -2358,10 +2741,11 @@ cyclescr(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
        struct swm_region       *rr = NULL;
        union arg               a;
-       int                     i, x, y;
+       int                     i, x, y, num_screens;
 
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
        /* do nothing if we don't have more than one screen */
-       if (!(ScreenCount(display) > 1 || outputs > 1))
+       if (!(num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1))
                return;
 
        i = r->s->idx;
@@ -2385,7 +2769,8 @@ cyclescr(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        /* move mouse to region */
        x = X(rr) + 1;
        y = Y(rr) + 1 + (bar_enabled ? bar_height : 0);
-       XWarpPointer(display, None, rr->s[i].root, 0, 0, 0, 0, x, y);
+       xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_WINDOW_NONE, rr->s[i].root, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+               x, y);
 
        a.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSCUR;
        focus(rr, &a);
@@ -2394,7 +2779,8 @@ cyclescr(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                /* move to focus window */
                x = X(rr->ws->focus) + 1;
                y = Y(rr->ws->focus) + 1;
-               XWarpPointer(display, None, rr->s[i].root, 0, 0, 0, 0, x, y);
+               xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_WINDOW_NONE, rr->s[i].root, 0, 0, 0,
+                       0, x, y);
        }
 }
 
@@ -2468,7 +2854,6 @@ swapwin(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                if (target == source) {
                        if (source->ws->focus_prev != NULL &&
                            source->ws->focus_prev != target)
-
                                source = source->ws->focus_prev;
                        else
                                return;
@@ -2503,8 +2888,6 @@ focus_prev(struct ws_win *win)
        struct ws_win_list      *wl = NULL;
        struct workspace        *ws = NULL;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_prev: window: 0x%lx\n", WINID(win));
-
        if (!(win && win->ws))
                return;
 
@@ -2512,14 +2895,15 @@ focus_prev(struct ws_win *win)
        wl = &ws->winlist;
        cur_focus = ws->focus;
 
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_prev: window: 0x%x, cur_focus: 0x%x\n",
+           WINID(win), WINID(cur_focus));
+
        /* pickle, just focus on whatever */
        if (cur_focus == NULL) {
                /* use prev_focus if valid */
                if (ws->focus_prev && ws->focus_prev != cur_focus &&
                    find_window(WINID(ws->focus_prev)))
                        winfocus = ws->focus_prev;
-               if (winfocus == NULL)
-                       winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
                goto done;
        }
 
@@ -2534,22 +2918,51 @@ focus_prev(struct ws_win *win)
            (ws->cur_layout->flags & SWM_L_FOCUSPREV)) {
                if (cur_focus != ws->focus_prev)
                        winfocus = ws->focus_prev;
-               else if (cur_focus != ws->focus)
-                       winfocus = ws->focus;
                else
-                       winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(win, ws_win_list, entry);
-               if (winfocus)
-                       goto done;
+                       winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(win, ws_win_list, entry);
+               if (winfocus)
+                       goto done;
+       }
+
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_prev: focus_close: %d\n", focus_close);
+
+       if (winfocus == NULL || winfocus == win) {
+               switch (focus_close) {
+               case SWM_STACK_BOTTOM:
+                       winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
+                       break;
+               case SWM_STACK_TOP:
+                       winfocus = TAILQ_LAST(wl, ws_win_list);
+                       break;
+               case SWM_STACK_ABOVE:
+                       if ((winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(cur_focus, entry)) == NULL) {
+                               if (focus_close_wrap)
+                                       winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
+                               else
+                                       winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(cur_focus,
+                                           ws_win_list, entry);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case SWM_STACK_BELOW:
+                       if ((winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(cur_focus, ws_win_list,
+                           entry)) == NULL) {
+                               if (focus_close_wrap)
+                                       winfocus = TAILQ_LAST(wl, ws_win_list);
+                               else
+                                       winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(cur_focus, entry);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+done:
+       if (winfocus == NULL) {
+               if (focus_default == SWM_STACK_TOP)
+                       winfocus = TAILQ_LAST(wl, ws_win_list);
+               else
+                       winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
        }
 
-       if (cur_focus == win)
-               winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(win, ws_win_list, entry);
-       if (winfocus == NULL)
-               winfocus = TAILQ_LAST(wl, ws_win_list);
-       if (winfocus == NULL || winfocus == win)
-               winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(cur_focus, entry);
-
-done:
+       kill_refs(win);
        focus_magic(winfocus);
 }
 
@@ -2672,7 +3085,6 @@ cycle_layout(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                drain_enter_notify();
        a.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSCUR;
        focus(r, &a);
-       bar_update();
 }
 
 void
@@ -2695,14 +3107,15 @@ void
 stack(void) {
        struct swm_geometry     g;
        struct swm_region       *r;
-       int                     i;
+       int                     i, num_screens;
 #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
        int j;
 #endif
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "stack: begin\n");
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
 #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
                j = 0;
 #endif
@@ -2739,46 +3152,65 @@ store_float_geom(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_region *r)
 {
        /* retain window geom and region geom */
        win->g_float = win->g;
-       win->rg_float = r->g;
+       win->g_float.x -= X(r);
+       win->g_float.y -= Y(r);
        win->g_floatvalid = 1;
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "store_float_geom: window: 0x%x, g: (%d,%d)"
+           " %d x %d, g_float: (%d,%d) %d x %d\n", win->id, X(win), Y(win),
+           WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win), win->g_float.x, win->g_float.y,
+           win->g_float.w, win->g_float.h);
 }
 
 void
 stack_floater(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_region *r)
 {
-       unsigned int            mask;
-       XWindowChanges          wc;
-
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
-       mask = CWX | CWY | CWBorderWidth | CWWidth | CWHeight;
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "stack_floater: window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
 
        /*
         * to allow windows to change their size (e.g. mplayer fs) only retrieve
         * geom on ws switches or return from max mode
         */
-       if (win->floatmaxed || (r != r->ws->old_r && win->g_floatvalid
-           && !(win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN))) {
-               /*
-                * use stored g and rg to set relative position and size
-                * as in old region or before max stack mode
-                */
-               X(win) = win->g_float.x - win->rg_float.x + X(r);
-               Y(win) = win->g_float.y - win->rg_float.y + Y(r);
-               WIDTH(win) = win->g_float.w;
-               HEIGHT(win) = win->g_float.h;
-               win->g_floatvalid = 0;
+       if (win->g_floatvalid && (win->floatmaxed || (r != r->ws->old_r &&
+           !(win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)))) {
+               /* refloat at last floating relative position */
+               win->g = win->g_float;
+               X(win) += X(r);
+               Y(win) += Y(r);
        }
 
        win->floatmaxed = 0;
 
-       if ((win->quirks & SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN) && (WIDTH(win) >= WIDTH(r)) &&
-           (HEIGHT(win) >= HEIGHT(r)))
-               wc.border_width = 0;
-       else
-               wc.border_width = border_width;
+       /*
+        * if set to fullscreen mode, configure window to maximum size.
+        */
+       if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN) {
+               if (!win->g_floatvalid)
+                       store_float_geom(win, win->ws->r);
+
+               win->g = win->ws->r->g;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * remove border on fullscreen floater when in fullscreen mode or when
+        * the quirk is present.
+        */
+       if ((win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN) ||
+           ((win->quirks & SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN) &&
+            (WIDTH(win) >= WIDTH(r)) && (HEIGHT(win) >= HEIGHT(r)))) {
+               if (win->bordered) {
+                       win->bordered = 0;
+                       X(win) += border_width;
+                       Y(win) += border_width;
+               }
+       } else if (!win->bordered) {
+               win->bordered = 1;
+               X(win) -= border_width;
+               Y(win) -= border_width;
+       }
+
        if (win->transient && (win->quirks & SWM_Q_TRANSSZ)) {
                WIDTH(win) = (double)WIDTH(r) * dialog_ratio;
                HEIGHT(win) = (double)HEIGHT(r) * dialog_ratio;
@@ -2789,39 +3221,14 @@ stack_floater(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_region *r)
                 * floaters and transients are auto-centred unless moved
                 * or resized
                 */
-               X(win) = X(r) + (WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win)) /  2 - wc.border_width;
-               Y(win) = Y(r) + (HEIGHT(r) - HEIGHT(win)) / 2 - wc.border_width;
-       }
-
-       /* win can be outside r if new r smaller than old r */
-       /* Ensure top left corner inside r (move probs otherwise) */
-       if (X(win) < X(r) - wc.border_width)
-               X(win) = X(r) - wc.border_width;
-       if (X(win) > X(r) + WIDTH(r) - 1)
-               X(win) = (WIDTH(win) > WIDTH(r)) ? X(r) :
-                   (X(r) + WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win) - 2 * wc.border_width);
-       if (Y(win) < Y(r) - wc.border_width)
-               Y(win) = Y(r) - wc.border_width;
-       if (Y(win) > Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - 1)
-               Y(win) = (HEIGHT(win) > HEIGHT(r)) ? Y(r) :
-                   (Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - HEIGHT(win) - 2 * wc.border_width);
-
-       wc.x = X(win);
-       wc.y = Y(win);
-       wc.width = WIDTH(win);
-       wc.height = HEIGHT(win);
-
-       /*
-        * Retain floater and transient geometry for correct positioning
-        * when ws changes region
-        */
-       if (!(win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN))
-               store_float_geom(win, r);
+               X(win) = X(r) + (WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win)) /  2 - BORDER(win);
+               Y(win) = Y(r) + (HEIGHT(r) - HEIGHT(win)) / 2 - BORDER(win);
+       }
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "stack_floater: window: %lu, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) "
-           "%d x %d\n", win->id, wc.x, wc.y, wc.width, wc.height);
+       /* keep window within region bounds */
+       constrain_window(win, r, 0);
 
-       XConfigureWindow(display, win->id, mask, &wc);
+       update_window(win);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2861,16 +3268,15 @@ adjust_font(struct ws_win *win)
 void
 stack_master(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g, int rot, int flip)
 {
-       XWindowChanges          wc;
        XWindowAttributes       wa;
        struct swm_geometry     win_g, r_g = *g;
-       struct ws_win           *win, *fs_win = 0;
+       struct ws_win           *win, *fs_win = NULL;
        int                     i, j, s, stacks;
        int                     w_inc = 1, h_inc, w_base = 1, h_base;
        int                     hrh, extra = 0, h_slice, last_h = 0;
        int                     split, colno, winno, mwin, msize, mscale;
        int                     remain, missing, v_slice, reconfigure;
-       unsigned int            mask;
+       int                     bordered = 1;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "stack_master: workspace: %d, rot: %s, "
            "flip: %s\n", ws->idx, YESNO(rot), YESNO(flip));
@@ -2919,9 +3325,7 @@ stack_master(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g, int rot, int flip)
                if (w_inc > 1 && w_inc < v_slice) {
                        /* adjust for window's requested size increment */
                        remain = (win_g.w - w_base) % w_inc;
-                       missing = w_inc - remain;
                        win_g.w -= remain;
-                       extra += remain;
                }
 
                msize = win_g.w;
@@ -2998,42 +3402,46 @@ stack_master(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g, int rot, int flip)
                else
                        win_g.y += last_h + 2 * border_width;
 
-               bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
                if (disable_border && bar_enabled == 0 && winno == 1){
-                       wc.border_width = 0;
+                       bordered = 0;
                        win_g.w += 2 * border_width;
                        win_g.h += 2 * border_width;
-               } else
-                       wc.border_width = border_width;
-               reconfigure = 0;
+               } else {
+                       bordered = 1;
+               }
                if (rot) {
                        if (X(win) != win_g.y || Y(win) != win_g.x ||
                            WIDTH(win) != win_g.h || HEIGHT(win) != win_g.w) {
                                reconfigure = 1;
-                               X(win) = wc.x = win_g.y;
-                               Y(win) = wc.y = win_g.x;
-                               WIDTH(win) = wc.width = win_g.h;
-                               HEIGHT(win) = wc.height = win_g.w;
+                               X(win) = win_g.y;
+                               Y(win) = win_g.x;
+                               WIDTH(win) = win_g.h;
+                               HEIGHT(win) = win_g.w;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (X(win) != win_g.x || Y(win) != win_g.y ||
                            WIDTH(win) != win_g.w || HEIGHT(win) != win_g.h) {
                                reconfigure = 1;
-                               X(win) = wc.x = win_g.x;
-                               Y(win) = wc.y = win_g.y;
-                               WIDTH(win) = wc.width = win_g.w;
-                               HEIGHT(win) = wc.height = win_g.h;
+                               X(win) = win_g.x;
+                               Y(win) = win_g.y;
+                               WIDTH(win) = win_g.w;
+                               HEIGHT(win) = win_g.h;
                        }
                }
+
+               if (bordered != win->bordered) {
+                       reconfigure = 1;
+                       win->bordered = bordered;
+               }
+
                if (reconfigure) {
                        adjust_font(win);
-                       mask = CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth;
-                       XConfigureWindow(display, win->id, mask, &wc);
+                       update_window(win);
                }
 
                if (XGetWindowAttributes(display, win->id, &wa))
                        if (wa.map_state == IsUnmapped)
-                               XMapRaised(display, win->id);
+                               map_window_raised(win->id);
 
                last_h = win_g.h;
                i++;
@@ -3053,12 +3461,12 @@ notiles:
                }
 
                stack_floater(win, ws->r);
-               XMapRaised(display, win->id);
+               map_window_raised(win->id);
        }
 
        if (fs_win) {
                stack_floater(fs_win, ws->r);
-               XMapRaised(display, fs_win->id);
+               map_window_raised(fs_win->id);
        }
 }
 
@@ -3167,11 +3575,9 @@ horizontal_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
 void
 max_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
 {
-       XWindowChanges          wc;
        struct swm_geometry     gg = *g;
        struct ws_win           *win, *wintrans = NULL, *parent = NULL;
-       unsigned int            mask;
-       int                     winno;
+       int                     winno, num_screens;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "max_stack: workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
 
@@ -3182,6 +3588,7 @@ max_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
        if (winno == 0 && count_win(ws, 1) == 0)
                return;
 
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
        TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry) {
                if (win->transient) {
                        wintrans = win;
@@ -3201,32 +3608,27 @@ max_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
                /* only reconfigure if necessary */
                if (X(win) != gg.x || Y(win) != gg.y || WIDTH(win) != gg.w ||
                    HEIGHT(win) != gg.h) {
-                       bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
-                       X(win) = wc.x = gg.x;
-                       Y(win) = wc.y = gg.y;
+                       win->g = gg;
                        if (bar_enabled){
-                               wc.border_width = border_width;
-                               WIDTH(win) = wc.width = gg.w;
-                               HEIGHT(win) = wc.height = gg.h;
+                               win->bordered = 1;
                        } else {
-                               wc.border_width = 0;
-                               WIDTH(win) = wc.width = gg.w + 2 * border_width;
-                               HEIGHT(win) = wc.height = gg.h +
-                                   2 * border_width;
+                               win->bordered = 0;
+                               WIDTH(win) += 2 * border_width;
+                               HEIGHT(win) += 2 * border_width;
                        }
-                       mask = CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth;
-                       XConfigureWindow(display, win->id, mask, &wc);
+
+                       update_window(win);
                }
                /* unmap only if we don't have multi screen */
                if (win != ws->focus)
-                       if (!(ScreenCount(display) > 1 || outputs > 1))
+                       if (!(num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1))
                                unmap_window(win);
        }
 
        /* put the last transient on top */
        if (wintrans) {
                if (parent)
-                       XMapRaised(display, parent->id);
+                       map_window_raised(parent->id);
                stack_floater(wintrans, ws->r);
                focus_magic(wintrans);
        }
@@ -3238,10 +3640,13 @@ send_to_ws(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        int                     wsid = args->id;
        struct ws_win           *win = NULL, *parent;
        struct workspace        *ws, *nws;
-       Atom                    ws_idx_atom = 0;
-       unsigned char           ws_idx_str[SWM_PROPLEN];
+       xcb_atom_t              ws_idx_atom = XCB_ATOM_NONE;
+       char                    ws_idx_str[SWM_PROPLEN];
        union arg               a;
 
+       if (wsid >= workspace_limit)
+               return;
+
        if (r && r->ws && r->ws->focus)
                win = r->ws->focus;
        else
@@ -3251,7 +3656,7 @@ send_to_ws(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        if (win->ws->idx == wsid)
                return;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "send_to_ws: window: 0x%lx\n", win->id);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "send_to_ws: window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
 
        ws = win->ws;
        nws = &win->s->ws[wsid];
@@ -3275,17 +3680,19 @@ send_to_ws(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        win->ws = nws;
 
        /* Try to update the window's workspace property */
-       ws_idx_atom = XInternAtom(display, "_SWM_WS", False);
+       ws_idx_atom = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_WS");
        if (ws_idx_atom &&
-           snprintf((char *)ws_idx_str, SWM_PROPLEN, "%d", nws->idx) <
+           snprintf(ws_idx_str, SWM_PROPLEN, "%d", nws->idx) <
                SWM_PROPLEN) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "send_to_ws: set property: _SWM_WS: %s\n",
                    ws_idx_str);
-               XChangeProperty(display, win->id, ws_idx_atom, XA_STRING, 8,
-                   PropModeReplace, ws_idx_str, strlen((char *)ws_idx_str));
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
+                       ws_idx_atom, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8, strlen(ws_idx_str),
+                       ws_idx_str);
        }
 
        stack();
+       bar_update();
 }
 
 void
@@ -3298,7 +3705,7 @@ pressbutton(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 void
 raise_toggle(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
-       if (r && r->ws == NULL)
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
                return;
 
        r->ws->always_raise = !r->ws->always_raise;
@@ -3326,7 +3733,7 @@ iconify(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 }
 
 unsigned char *
-get_win_name(Window win)
+get_win_name(xcb_window_t win)
 {
        unsigned char           *prop = NULL;
        unsigned long           nbytes, nitems;
@@ -3360,7 +3767,7 @@ uniconify(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "uniconify\n");
 
-       if (r && r->ws == NULL)
+       if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
                return;
 
        /* make sure we have anything to uniconify */
@@ -3391,7 +3798,7 @@ uniconify(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                name = get_win_name(win->id);
                if (name == NULL)
                        continue;
-               fprintf(lfile, "%s.%lu\n", name, win->id);
+               fprintf(lfile, "%s.%u\n", name, win->id);
                XFree(name);
        }
 
@@ -3440,7 +3847,7 @@ search_workspace(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
        if ((lfile = fdopen(select_list_pipe[1], "w")) == NULL)
                return;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < SWM_WS_MAX; i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++) {
                ws = &r->s->ws[i];
                if (ws == NULL)
                        continue;
@@ -3457,7 +3864,7 @@ search_win_cleanup(void)
        struct search_window    *sw = NULL;
 
        while ((sw = TAILQ_FIRST(&search_wl)) != NULL) {
-               XDestroyWindow(display, sw->indicator);
+               xcb_destroy_window(conn, sw->indicator);
                XFreeGC(display, sw->gc);
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&search_wl, sw, entry);
                free(sw);
@@ -3469,8 +3876,8 @@ search_win(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
        struct ws_win           *win = NULL;
        struct search_window    *sw = NULL;
-       Window                  w;
-       XGCValues               gcv;
+       xcb_window_t            w;
+       XGCValues               gcv;
        int                     i;
        char                    s[8];
        FILE                    *lfile;
@@ -3519,7 +3926,7 @@ search_win(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&search_wl, sw, entry);
 
                sw->gc = XCreateGC(display, w, 0, &gcv);
-               XMapRaised(display, w);
+               map_window_raised(w);
                XSetForeground(display, sw->gc, r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].color);
 
                DRAWSTRING(display, w, bar_fs, sw->gc, 2,
@@ -3548,7 +3955,7 @@ search_resp_uniconify(char *resp, unsigned long len)
                name = get_win_name(win->id);
                if (name == NULL)
                        continue;
-               if (asprintf(&s, "%s.%lu", name, win->id) == -1) {
+               if (asprintf(&s, "%s.%u", name, win->id) == -1) {
                        XFree(name);
                        continue;
                }
@@ -3608,7 +4015,7 @@ search_resp_search_workspace(char *resp, unsigned long len)
        p = strchr(q, ':');
        if (p != NULL)
                *p = '\0';
-       ws_idx = strtonum(q, 1, SWM_WS_MAX, &errstr);
+       ws_idx = strtonum(q, 1, workspace_limit, &errstr);
        if (errstr) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "workspace idx is %s: %s",
                    errstr, q);
@@ -3719,7 +4126,7 @@ wkill(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
                return;
 
        if (args->id == SWM_ARG_ID_KILLWINDOW)
-               XKillClient(display, r->ws->focus->id);
+               xcb_kill_client(conn, r->ws->focus->id);
        else
                if (r->ws->focus->can_delete)
                        client_msg(r->ws->focus, adelete);
@@ -3732,16 +4139,16 @@ floating_toggle_win(struct ws_win *win)
        struct swm_region       *r;
 
        if (win == NULL)
-               return 0;
+               return (0);
 
        if (!win->ws->r)
-               return 0;
+               return (0);
 
        r = win->ws->r;
 
        /* reject floating toggles in max stack mode */
        if (win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
-               return 0;
+               return (0);
 
        if (win->floating) {
                if (!win->floatmaxed) {
@@ -3752,8 +4159,8 @@ floating_toggle_win(struct ws_win *win)
        } else {
                if (win->g_floatvalid) {
                        /* refloat at last floating relative position */
-                       X(win) = win->g_float.x - win->rg_float.x + X(r);
-                       Y(win) = win->g_float.y - win->rg_float.y + Y(r);
+                       X(win) = win->g_float.x + X(r);
+                       Y(win) = win->g_float.y + Y(r);
                        WIDTH(win) = win->g_float.w;
                        HEIGHT(win) = win->g_float.h;
                }
@@ -3762,7 +4169,7 @@ floating_toggle_win(struct ws_win *win)
 
        ewmh_update_actions(win);
 
-       return 1;
+       return (1);
 }
 
 void
@@ -3790,58 +4197,62 @@ floating_toggle(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 void
 constrain_window(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_region *r, int resizable)
 {
-       if (X(win) + WIDTH(win) > X(r) + WIDTH(r) - border_width) {
+       if (MAX_X(win) + BORDER(win) > MAX_X(r)) {
                if (resizable)
-                       WIDTH(win) = X(r) + WIDTH(r) - X(win) - border_width;
+                       WIDTH(win) = MAX_X(r) - X(win) - BORDER(win);
                else
-                       X(win) = X(r) + WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win) - border_width;
+                       X(win) = MAX_X(r)- WIDTH(win) - BORDER(win);
        }
 
-       if (X(win) < X(r) - border_width) {
+       if (X(win) + BORDER(win) < X(r)) {
                if (resizable)
-                       WIDTH(win) -= X(r) - X(win) - border_width;
+                       WIDTH(win) -= X(r) - X(win) - BORDER(win);
 
-               X(win) = X(r) - border_width;
+               X(win) = X(r) - BORDER(win);
        }
 
-       if (Y(win) + HEIGHT(win) > Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - border_width) {
+       if (MAX_Y(win) + BORDER(win) > MAX_Y(r)) {
                if (resizable)
-                       HEIGHT(win) = Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - Y(win) - border_width;
+                       HEIGHT(win) = MAX_Y(r) - Y(win) - BORDER(win);
                else
-                       Y(win) = Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - HEIGHT(win) - border_width;
+                       Y(win) = MAX_Y(r) - HEIGHT(win) - BORDER(win);
        }
 
-       if (Y(win) < Y(r) - border_width) {
+       if (Y(win) + BORDER(win) < Y(r)) {
                if (resizable)
-                       HEIGHT(win) -= Y(r) - Y(win) - border_width;
+                       HEIGHT(win) -= Y(r) - Y(win) - BORDER(win);
 
-               Y(win) = Y(r) - border_width;
+               Y(win) = Y(r) - BORDER(win);
        }
 
-       if (WIDTH(win) < 1)
-               WIDTH(win) = 1;
-       if (HEIGHT(win) < 1)
-               HEIGHT(win) = 1;
+       if (resizable) {
+               if (WIDTH(win) < 1)
+                       WIDTH(win) = 1;
+               if (HEIGHT(win) < 1)
+                       HEIGHT(win) = 1;
+       }
 }
 
 void
 update_window(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       unsigned int            mask;
-       XWindowChanges          wc;
+       uint16_t        mask;
+       uint32_t        wc[5];
 
-       bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
-       mask = CWBorderWidth | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWX | CWY;
-       wc.border_width = border_width;
-       wc.x = X(win);
-       wc.y = Y(win);
-       wc.width = WIDTH(win);
-       wc.height = HEIGHT(win);
+       mask = XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y |
+               XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT |
+               XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH;
+       wc[0] = X(win);
+       wc[1] = Y(win);
+       wc[2] = WIDTH(win);
+       wc[3] = HEIGHT(win);
+       wc[4] = BORDER(win);
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "update_window: window: 0x%lx, (x,y) w x h: "
-           "(%d,%d) %d x %d\n", win->id, wc.x, wc.y, wc.width, wc.height);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "update_window: window: 0x%x, (x,y) w x h: "
+           "(%d,%d) %d x %d, bordered: %s\n", win->id, wc[0], wc[1], wc[2],
+           wc[3], YESNO(win->bordered));
 
-       XConfigureWindow(display, win->id, mask, &wc);
+       xcb_configure_window(conn, win->id, mask, wc);
 }
 
 #define SWM_RESIZE_STEPS       (50)
@@ -3866,8 +4277,11 @@ resize(struct ws_win *win, union arg *args)
                return;
        r = win->ws->r;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "resize: window: 0x%lx, floating: %s, "
-           "transient: 0x%lx\n", win->id, YESNO(win->floating),
+       if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)
+               return;
+
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "resize: window: 0x%x, floating: %s, "
+           "transient: 0x%x\n", win->id, YESNO(win->floating),
            win->transient);
 
        if (!(win->transient != 0 || win->floating != 0))
@@ -3999,19 +4413,19 @@ resize(struct ws_win *win, union arg *args)
                        /* not free, don't sync more than 120 times / second */
                        if ((ev.xmotion.time - time) > (1000 / 120) ) {
                                time = ev.xmotion.time;
-                               XSync(display, False);
+                               do_sync();
                                update_window(win);
                        }
                        break;
                }
        } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
        if (time) {
-               XSync(display, False);
+               do_sync();
                update_window(win);
        }
        store_float_geom(win,r);
 
-       XUngrabPointer(display, CurrentTime);
+       xcb_ungrab_pointer(conn, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
        XFreeCursor(display, cursor);
 
        /* drain events */
@@ -4049,8 +4463,11 @@ move(struct ws_win *win, union arg *args)
                return;
        r = win->ws->r;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "move: window: 0x%lx, floating: %s, transient: "
-           "0x%lx\n", win->id, YESNO(win->floating), win->transient);
+       if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)
+               return;
+
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "move: window: 0x%x, floating: %s, transient: "
+           "0x%x\n", win->id, YESNO(win->floating), win->transient);
 
        /* in max_stack mode should only move transients */
        if (win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK] && !win->transient)
@@ -4058,7 +4475,7 @@ move(struct ws_win *win, union arg *args)
 
        win->manual = 1;
        if (win->floating == 0 && !win->transient) {
-               store_float_geom(win,r);
+               store_float_geom(win, r);
                ewmh_update_win_state(win, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE].atom,
                    _NET_WM_STATE_ADD);
        }
@@ -4122,18 +4539,18 @@ move(struct ws_win *win, union arg *args)
                        /* not free, don't sync more than 120 times / second */
                        if ((ev.xmotion.time - time) > (1000 / 120) ) {
                                time = ev.xmotion.time;
-                               XSync(display, False);
+                               do_sync();
                                update_window(win);
                        }
                        break;
                }
        } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
        if (time) {
-               XSync(display, False);
+               do_sync();
                update_window(win);
        }
-       store_float_geom(win,r);
-       XUngrabPointer(display, CurrentTime);
+       store_float_geom(win, r);
+       xcb_ungrab_pointer(conn, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
 
        /* drain events */
        drain_enter_notify();
@@ -4172,8 +4589,6 @@ enum keyfuncid {
        kf_focus_prev,
        kf_swap_next,
        kf_swap_prev,
-       kf_spawn_term,
-       kf_spawn_menu,
        kf_quit,
        kf_restart,
        kf_focus_main,
@@ -4187,6 +4602,18 @@ enum keyfuncid {
        kf_ws_8,
        kf_ws_9,
        kf_ws_10,
+       kf_ws_11,
+       kf_ws_12,
+       kf_ws_13,
+       kf_ws_14,
+       kf_ws_15,
+       kf_ws_16,
+       kf_ws_17,
+       kf_ws_18,
+       kf_ws_19,
+       kf_ws_20,
+       kf_ws_21,
+       kf_ws_22,
        kf_ws_next,
        kf_ws_prev,
        kf_ws_next_all,
@@ -4204,15 +4631,23 @@ enum keyfuncid {
        kf_mvws_8,
        kf_mvws_9,
        kf_mvws_10,
+       kf_mvws_11,
+       kf_mvws_12,
+       kf_mvws_13,
+       kf_mvws_14,
+       kf_mvws_15,
+       kf_mvws_16,
+       kf_mvws_17,
+       kf_mvws_18,
+       kf_mvws_19,
+       kf_mvws_20,
+       kf_mvws_21,
+       kf_mvws_22,
        kf_bar_toggle,
        kf_wind_kill,
        kf_wind_del,
-       kf_screenshot_all,
-       kf_screenshot_wind,
        kf_float_toggle,
        kf_version,
-       kf_spawn_lock,
-       kf_spawn_initscr,
        kf_spawn_custom,
        kf_iconify,
        kf_uniconify,
@@ -4239,11 +4674,6 @@ dummykeyfunc(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
 {
 };
 
-void
-legacyfunc(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
-{
-};
-
 struct keyfunc {
        char                    name[SWM_FUNCNAME_LEN];
        void                    (*func)(struct swm_region *r, union arg *);
@@ -4264,8 +4694,6 @@ struct keyfunc {
        { "focus_prev",         focus,          {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSPREV} },
        { "swap_next",          swapwin,        {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPNEXT} },
        { "swap_prev",          swapwin,        {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPPREV} },
-       { "spawn_term",         spawnterm,      {.argv = spawn_term} },
-       { "spawn_menu",         legacyfunc,     {0} },
        { "quit",               quit,           {0} },
        { "restart",            restart,        {0} },
        { "focus_main",         focus,          {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSMAIN} },
@@ -4279,6 +4707,18 @@ struct keyfunc {
        { "ws_8",               switchws,       {.id = 7} },
        { "ws_9",               switchws,       {.id = 8} },
        { "ws_10",              switchws,       {.id = 9} },
+       { "ws_11",              switchws,       {.id = 10} },
+       { "ws_12",              switchws,       {.id = 11} },
+       { "ws_13",              switchws,       {.id = 12} },
+       { "ws_14",              switchws,       {.id = 13} },
+       { "ws_15",              switchws,       {.id = 14} },
+       { "ws_16",              switchws,       {.id = 15} },
+       { "ws_17",              switchws,       {.id = 16} },
+       { "ws_18",              switchws,       {.id = 17} },
+       { "ws_19",              switchws,       {.id = 18} },
+       { "ws_20",              switchws,       {.id = 19} },
+       { "ws_21",              switchws,       {.id = 20} },
+       { "ws_22",              switchws,       {.id = 21} },
        { "ws_next",            cyclews,        {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP} },
        { "ws_prev",            cyclews,        {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN} },
        { "ws_next_all",        cyclews,        {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP_ALL} },
@@ -4296,15 +4736,23 @@ struct keyfunc {
        { "mvws_8",             send_to_ws,     {.id = 7} },
        { "mvws_9",             send_to_ws,     {.id = 8} },
        { "mvws_10",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 9} },
+       { "mvws_11",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 10} },
+       { "mvws_12",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 11} },
+       { "mvws_13",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 12} },
+       { "mvws_14",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 13} },
+       { "mvws_15",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 14} },
+       { "mvws_16",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 15} },
+       { "mvws_17",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 16} },
+       { "mvws_18",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 17} },
+       { "mvws_19",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 18} },
+       { "mvws_20",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 19} },
+       { "mvws_21",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 20} },
+       { "mvws_22",            send_to_ws,     {.id = 21} },
        { "bar_toggle",         bar_toggle,     {0} },
        { "wind_kill",          wkill,          {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_KILLWINDOW} },
        { "wind_del",           wkill,          {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_DELETEWINDOW} },
-       { "screenshot_all",     legacyfunc,     {0} },
-       { "screenshot_wind",    legacyfunc,     {0} },
        { "float_toggle",       floating_toggle,{0} },
        { "version",            version,        {0} },
-       { "spawn_lock",         legacyfunc,     {0} },
-       { "spawn_initscr",      legacyfunc,     {0} },
        { "spawn_custom",       dummykeyfunc,   {0} },
        { "iconify",            iconify,        {0} },
        { "uniconify",          uniconify,      {0} },
@@ -4331,7 +4779,7 @@ struct key {
        enum keyfuncid          funcid;
        char                    *spawn_name;
 };
-RB_HEAD(key_list, key);
+RB_HEAD(key_tree, key);
 
 int
 key_cmp(struct key *kp1, struct key *kp2)
@@ -4349,8 +4797,8 @@ key_cmp(struct key *kp1, struct key *kp2)
        return (0);
 }
 
-RB_GENERATE_STATIC(key_list, key, entry, key_cmp);
-struct key_list                        keys;
+RB_GENERATE(key_tree, key, entry, key_cmp);
+struct key_tree                        keys;
 
 /* mouse */
 enum { client_click, root_click };
@@ -4374,7 +4822,7 @@ update_modkey(unsigned int mod)
        struct key              *kp;
 
        mod_key = mod;
-       RB_FOREACH(kp, key_list, &keys)
+       RB_FOREACH(kp, key_tree, &keys)
                if (kp->mod & ShiftMask)
                        kp->mod = mod | ShiftMask;
                else
@@ -4639,6 +5087,7 @@ void
 setup_spawn(void)
 {
        setconfspawn("term",            "xterm",                0);
+       setconfspawn("spawn_term",      "xterm",                0);
        setconfspawn("screenshot_all",  "screenshot.sh full",   0);
        setconfspawn("screenshot_wind", "screenshot.sh window", 0);
        setconfspawn("lock",            "xlock",                0);
@@ -4742,7 +5191,7 @@ key_insert(unsigned int mod, KeySym ks, enum keyfuncid kfid, char *spawn_name)
        kp->keysym = ks;
        kp->funcid = kfid;
        kp->spawn_name = strdupsafe(spawn_name);
-       RB_INSERT(key_list, &keys, kp);
+       RB_INSERT(key_tree, &keys, kp);
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "key_insert: leave\n");
 }
@@ -4755,7 +5204,7 @@ key_lookup(unsigned int mod, KeySym ks)
        kp.keysym = ks;
        kp.mod = mod;
 
-       return (RB_FIND(key_list, &keys, &kp));
+       return (RB_FIND(key_tree, &keys, &kp));
 }
 
 void
@@ -4763,7 +5212,7 @@ key_remove(struct key *kp)
 {
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "key_remove: %s\n", keyfuncs[kp->funcid].name);
 
-       RB_REMOVE(key_list, &keys, kp);
+       RB_REMOVE(key_tree, &keys, kp);
        free(kp->spawn_name);
        free(kp);
 
@@ -4874,7 +5323,7 @@ setup_keys(void)
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_k,           kf_focus_prev,  NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_j,           kf_swap_next,   NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_k,           kf_swap_prev,   NULL);
-       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_Return,      kf_spawn_term,  NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_Return,      kf_spawn_custom,"term");
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_p,           kf_spawn_custom,"menu");
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_q,           kf_quit,        NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_q,           kf_restart,     NULL);
@@ -4889,6 +5338,18 @@ setup_keys(void)
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_8,           kf_ws_8,        NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_9,           kf_ws_9,        NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_0,           kf_ws_10,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F1,          kf_ws_11,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F2,          kf_ws_12,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F3,          kf_ws_13,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F4,          kf_ws_14,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F5,          kf_ws_15,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F6,          kf_ws_16,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F7,          kf_ws_17,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F8,          kf_ws_18,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F9,          kf_ws_19,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F10,         kf_ws_20,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F11,         kf_ws_21,       NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_F12,         kf_ws_22,       NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_Right,       kf_ws_next,     NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_Left,        kf_ws_prev,     NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_Up,          kf_ws_next_all, NULL);
@@ -4906,6 +5367,18 @@ setup_keys(void)
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_8,           kf_mvws_8,      NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_9,           kf_mvws_9,      NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_0,           kf_mvws_10,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F1,          kf_mvws_11,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F2,          kf_mvws_12,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F3,          kf_mvws_13,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F4,          kf_mvws_14,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F5,          kf_mvws_15,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F6,          kf_mvws_16,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F7,          kf_mvws_17,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F8,          kf_mvws_18,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F9,          kf_mvws_19,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F10,         kf_mvws_20,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F11,         kf_mvws_21,     NULL);
+       setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_F12,         kf_mvws_22,     NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_b,           kf_bar_toggle,  NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY,           XK_Tab,         kf_focus_next,  NULL);
        setkeybinding(MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_Tab,         kf_focus_prev,  NULL);
@@ -4989,6 +5462,7 @@ updatenumlockmask(void)
 void
 grabkeys(void)
 {
+       int                     num_screens;
        unsigned int            j, k;
        KeyCode                 code;
        unsigned int            modifiers[] =
@@ -4998,11 +5472,13 @@ grabkeys(void)
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "grabkeys\n");
        updatenumlockmask();
 
-       for (k = 0; k < ScreenCount(display); k++) {
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (k = 0; k < num_screens; k++) {
                if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&screens[k].rl))
                        continue;
-               XUngrabKey(display, AnyKey, AnyModifier, screens[k].root);
-               RB_FOREACH(kp, key_list, &keys) {
+               xcb_ungrab_key(conn, XCB_GRAB_ANY, screens[k].root,
+                       XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY);
+               RB_FOREACH(kp, key_tree, &keys) {
                        if ((code = XKeysymToKeycode(display, kp->keysym)))
                                for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
                                        XGrabKey(display, code,
@@ -5021,19 +5497,25 @@ grabbuttons(struct ws_win *win, int focused)
            { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 
        updatenumlockmask();
-       XUngrabButton(display, AnyButton, AnyModifier, win->id);
+       xcb_ungrab_button(conn, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_ANY, win->id,
+               XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY);
        if (focused) {
                for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
                        if (buttons[i].action == client_click)
                                for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
-                                       XGrabButton(display, buttons[i].button,
-                                           buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
-                                           win->id, False, BUTTONMASK,
-                                           GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None,
-                                           None);
+                                       xcb_grab_button(conn, False, win->id,
+                                               BUTTONMASK,
+                                               XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC,
+                                               XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC,
+                                               XCB_WINDOW_NONE,
+                                               XCB_CURSOR_NONE,
+                                               buttons[i].button,
+                                               buttons[i].mask);
        } else
-               XGrabButton(display, AnyButton, AnyModifier, win->id, False,
-                   BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
+               xcb_grab_button(conn, False, win->id, BUTTONMASK,
+                       XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC,
+                       XCB_WINDOW_NONE, XCB_CURSOR_NONE, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_ANY,
+                       XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY);
 }
 
 const char *quirkname[] = {
@@ -5198,16 +5680,39 @@ setup_quirks(void)
 #define SWM_CONF_FILE          "spectrwm.conf"
 #define SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD      "scrotwm.conf"
 
-enum   { SWM_S_BAR_DELAY, SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED, SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH,
-         SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED, SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED, SWM_S_CLOCK_FORMAT,
-         SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY, SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE, SWM_S_SS_ENABLED,
-         SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH, SWM_S_TITLE_CLASS_ENABLED,
-         SWM_S_TITLE_NAME_ENABLED, SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED, SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED,
-         SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE, SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER, SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH,
-         SWM_S_BAR_FONT, SWM_S_BAR_ACTION, SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM,
-         SWM_S_SS_APP, SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO, SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM,
-         SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT, SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY
-       };
+enum {
+       SWM_S_BAR_ACTION,
+       SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM,
+       SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH,
+       SWM_S_BAR_DELAY,
+       SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_BAR_FONT,
+       SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT,
+       SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY,
+       SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH,
+       SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_CLOCK_FORMAT,
+       SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY,
+       SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE,
+       SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO,
+       SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER,
+       SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE,
+       SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP,
+       SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT,
+       SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE,
+       SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER,
+       SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM,
+       SWM_S_SS_APP,
+       SWM_S_SS_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH,
+       SWM_S_TITLE_CLASS_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_TITLE_NAME_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT,
+       SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED,
+       SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT
+};
 
 int
 setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
@@ -5216,17 +5721,37 @@ setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
        char    *b;
 
        switch (flags) {
+       case SWM_S_BAR_ACTION:
+               free(bar_argv[0]);
+               if ((bar_argv[0] = strdup(value)) == NULL)
+                       err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_action");
+               break;
+       case SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM:
+               bar_at_bottom = atoi(value);
+               break;
+       case SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH:
+               bar_border_width = atoi(value);
+               if (bar_border_width < 0)
+                       bar_border_width = 0;
+               break;
        case SWM_S_BAR_DELAY:
                bar_delay = atoi(value);
                break;
        case SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED:
                bar_enabled = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH:
-               bar_border_width = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_BAR_FONT:
+               b = bar_fonts;
+               if (asprintf(&bar_fonts, "%s,%s", value, bar_fonts) == -1)
+                       err(1, "setconfvalue: asprintf: failed to allocate "
+                               "memory for bar_fonts.");
+
+               free(b);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM:
-               bar_at_bottom = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT:
+               free(bar_format);
+               if ((bar_format = strdup(value)) == NULL)
+                       err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_format");
                break;
        case SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY:
                if (!strcmp(value, "left"))
@@ -5238,8 +5763,10 @@ setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
                else
                        errx(1, "invalid bar_justify");
                break;
-       case SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED:
-               stack_enabled = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH:
+               border_width = atoi(value);
+               if (border_width < 0)
+                       border_width = 0;
                break;
        case SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED:
                clock_enabled = atoi(value);
@@ -5257,23 +5784,36 @@ setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
        case SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE:
                cycle_visible = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_SS_ENABLED:
-               ss_enabled = atoi(value);
-               break;
-       case SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH:
-               term_width = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO:
+               dialog_ratio = atof(value);
+               if (dialog_ratio > 1.0 || dialog_ratio <= .3)
+                       dialog_ratio = .6;
                break;
-       case SWM_S_TITLE_CLASS_ENABLED:
-               title_class_enabled = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER:
+               disable_border = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED:
-               window_name_enabled = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE:
+               if (!strcmp(value, "first"))
+                       focus_close = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "last"))
+                       focus_close = SWM_STACK_TOP;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "next"))
+                       focus_close = SWM_STACK_ABOVE;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "previous"))
+                       focus_close = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
+               else
+                       errx(1, "focus_close");
                break;
-       case SWM_S_TITLE_NAME_ENABLED:
-               title_name_enabled = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP:
+               focus_close_wrap = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED:
-               urgent_enabled = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT:
+               if (!strcmp(value, "last"))
+                       focus_default = SWM_STACK_TOP;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "first"))
+                       focus_default = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
+               else
+                       errx(1, "focus_default");
                break;
        case SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE:
                if (!strcmp(value, "default"))
@@ -5285,36 +5825,43 @@ setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
                else
                        errx(1, "focus_mode");
                break;
-       case SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER:
-               disable_border = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER:
+               if (!strcmp(value, "first"))
+                       spawn_position = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "last"))
+                       spawn_position = SWM_STACK_TOP;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "next"))
+                       spawn_position = SWM_STACK_ABOVE;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "previous"))
+                       spawn_position = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
+               else
+                       errx(1, "spawn_position");
                break;
-       case SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH:
-               border_width = atoi(value);
+       case SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM:
+               setconfspawn("term", value, 0);
+               setconfspawn("spawn_term", value, 0);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_BAR_FONT:
-               b = bar_fonts;
-               if (asprintf(&bar_fonts, "%s,%s", value, bar_fonts) == -1)
-                       err(1, "setconfvalue: asprintf: failed to allocate "
-                               "memory for bar_fonts.");
-
-               free(b);
+       case SWM_S_SS_APP:
                break;
-       case SWM_S_BAR_ACTION:
-               free(bar_argv[0]);
-               if ((bar_argv[0] = strdup(value)) == NULL)
-                       err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_action");
+       case SWM_S_SS_ENABLED:
+               ss_enabled = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM:
-               free(spawn_term[0]);
-               if ((spawn_term[0] = strdup(value)) == NULL)
-                       err(1, "setconfvalue: spawn_term");
+       case SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED:
+               stack_enabled = atoi(value);
                break;
-       case SWM_S_SS_APP:
+       case SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH:
+               term_width = atoi(value);
+               if (term_width < 0)
+                       term_width = 0;
                break;
-       case SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO:
-               dialog_ratio = atof(value);
-               if (dialog_ratio > 1.0 || dialog_ratio <= .3)
-                       dialog_ratio = .6;
+       case SWM_S_TITLE_CLASS_ENABLED:
+               title_class_enabled = atoi(value);
+               break;
+       case SWM_S_TITLE_NAME_ENABLED:
+               title_name_enabled = atoi(value);
+               break;
+       case SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED:
+               urgent_enabled = atoi(value);
                break;
        case SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT:
                verbose_layout = atoi(value);
@@ -5325,6 +5872,16 @@ setconfvalue(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
                                layouts[i].l_string = plain_stacker;
                }
                break;
+       case SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED:
+               window_name_enabled = atoi(value);
+               break;
+       case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT:
+               workspace_limit = atoi(value);
+               if (workspace_limit > SWM_WS_MAX)
+                       workspace_limit = SWM_WS_MAX;
+               else if (workspace_limit < 1)
+                       workspace_limit = 1;
+               break;
        default:
                return (1);
        }
@@ -5379,7 +5936,7 @@ setautorun(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
        if (sscanf(value, "ws[%d]:%1023c", &ws_id, s) != 2)
                errx(1, "invalid autorun entry, should be 'ws[<idx>]:command'");
        ws_id--;
-       if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= SWM_WS_MAX)
+       if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit)
                errx(1, "autorun: invalid workspace %d", ws_id + 1);
 
        /*
@@ -5429,8 +5986,8 @@ setautorun(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
 int
 setlayout(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
 {
-       int                     ws_id, i, x, mg, ma, si, raise;
-       int                     st = SWM_V_STACK;
+       int                     ws_id, i, x, mg, ma, si, raise, f = 0;
+       int                     st = SWM_V_STACK, num_screens;
        char                    s[1024];
        struct workspace        *ws;
 
@@ -5444,21 +6001,28 @@ setlayout(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
                    "<master_grow>:<master_add>:<stack_inc>:<always_raise>:"
                    "<type>'");
        ws_id--;
-       if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= SWM_WS_MAX)
+       if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit)
                errx(1, "layout: invalid workspace %d", ws_id + 1);
 
        if (!strcasecmp(s, "vertical"))
                st = SWM_V_STACK;
-       else if (!strcasecmp(s, "horizontal"))
+       else if (!strcasecmp(s, "vertical_flip")) {
+               st = SWM_V_STACK;
+               f = 1;
+       } else if (!strcasecmp(s, "horizontal"))
+               st = SWM_H_STACK;
+       else if (!strcasecmp(s, "horizontal_flip")) {
                st = SWM_H_STACK;
-       else if (!strcasecmp(s, "fullscreen"))
+               f = 1;
+       } else if (!strcasecmp(s, "fullscreen"))
                st = SWM_MAX_STACK;
        else
                errx(1, "invalid layout entry, should be 'ws[<idx>]:"
                    "<master_grow>:<master_add>:<stack_inc>:<always_raise>:"
                    "<type>'");
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                ws = (struct workspace *)&screens[i].ws;
                ws[ws_id].cur_layout = &layouts[st];
 
@@ -5487,6 +6051,12 @@ setlayout(char *selector, char *value, int flags)
                            SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC);
                        stack();
                }
+               /* Apply flip */
+               if (f) {
+                       ws[ws_id].cur_layout->l_config(&ws[ws_id],
+                           SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT);
+                       stack();
+               }
        }
 
        return (0);
@@ -5509,6 +6079,7 @@ struct config_option configopt[] = {
        { "bar_action",                 setconfvalue,   SWM_S_BAR_ACTION },
        { "bar_delay",                  setconfvalue,   SWM_S_BAR_DELAY },
        { "bar_justify",                setconfvalue,   SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY },
+       { "bar_format",                 setconfvalue,   SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT },
        { "keyboard_mapping",           setkeymapping,  0 },
        { "bind",                       setconfbinding, 0 },
        { "stack_enabled",              setconfvalue,   SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED },
@@ -5518,6 +6089,7 @@ struct config_option configopt[] = {
        { "color_unfocus",              setconfcolor,   SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS },
        { "cycle_empty",                setconfvalue,   SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY },
        { "cycle_visible",              setconfvalue,   SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE },
+       { "workspace_limit",            setconfvalue,   SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT },
        { "dialog_ratio",               setconfvalue,   SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO },
        { "verbose_layout",             setconfvalue,   SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT },
        { "modkey",                     setconfmodkey,  0 },
@@ -5533,6 +6105,10 @@ struct config_option configopt[] = {
        { "title_class_enabled",        setconfvalue,   SWM_S_TITLE_CLASS_ENABLED },
        { "title_name_enabled",         setconfvalue,   SWM_S_TITLE_NAME_ENABLED },
        { "focus_mode",                 setconfvalue,   SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE },
+       { "focus_close",                setconfvalue,   SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE },
+       { "focus_close_wrap",           setconfvalue,   SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP },
+       { "focus_default",              setconfvalue,   SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT },
+       { "spawn_position",             setconfvalue,   SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER },
        { "disable_border",             setconfvalue,   SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER },
        { "border_width",               setconfvalue,   SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH },
        { "autorun",                    setautorun,     0 },
@@ -5665,10 +6241,10 @@ set_child_transient(struct ws_win *win, Window *trans)
                parent->child_trans = win;
        else {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "set_child_transient: parent doesn't exist"
-                   " for 0x%lx trans 0x%lx\n", win->id, win->transient);
+                   " for 0x%x trans 0x%x\n", win->id, win->transient);
 
                if (win->hints == NULL) {
-                       warnx("no hints for 0x%lx", win->id);
+                       warnx("no hints for 0x%x", win->id);
                        return;
                }
 
@@ -5680,7 +6256,7 @@ set_child_transient(struct ws_win *win, Window *trans)
                                XFree(wmh);
 
                        if ((wmh = XGetWMHints(display, w->id)) == NULL) {
-                               warnx("can't get hints for 0x%lx", w->id);
+                               warnx("can't get hints for 0x%x", w->id);
                                continue;
                        }
 
@@ -5691,7 +6267,7 @@ set_child_transient(struct ws_win *win, Window *trans)
                        win->transient = w->id;
                        *trans = w->id;
                        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "set_child_transient: asjusting "
-                           "transient to 0x%lx\n", win->transient);
+                           "transient to 0x%x\n", win->transient);
                        break;
                }
        }
@@ -5701,53 +6277,48 @@ set_child_transient(struct ws_win *win, Window *trans)
 }
 
 long
-window_get_pid(Window win)
-{
-       Atom                    actual_type_return;
-       int                     actual_format_return = 0;
-       unsigned long           nitems_return = 0;
-       unsigned long           bytes_after_return = 0;
-       long                    *pid = NULL;
-       long                    ret = 0;
-       const char              *errstr;
-       unsigned char           *prop = NULL;
+window_get_pid(xcb_window_t win)
+{
+       long                            ret = 0;
+       const char                      *errstr;
+       xcb_atom_t                      apid;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t       pc;
+       xcb_get_property_reply_t        *pr;
 
-       if (XGetWindowProperty(display, win,
-           XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_PID", False), 0, 1, False,
-           XA_CARDINAL, &actual_type_return, &actual_format_return,
-           &nitems_return, &bytes_after_return,
-           (unsigned char**)(void*)&pid) != Success)
+       apid = get_atom_from_string("_NET_WM_PID");
+       if (apid == XCB_ATOM_NONE)
                goto tryharder;
-       if (actual_type_return != XA_CARDINAL)
+
+       pc = xcb_get_property(conn, False, win, apid, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 0, 1);
+       pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
+       if (!pr)
                goto tryharder;
-       if (pid == NULL)
+       if (pr->type != XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL)
                goto tryharder;
 
-       ret = *pid;
-       XFree(pid);
+       ret = *(long *)xcb_get_property_value(pr);
+       free(pr);
 
        return (ret);
 
 tryharder:
-       if (XGetWindowProperty(display, win,
-           XInternAtom(display, "_SWM_PID", False), 0, SWM_PROPLEN, False,
-           XA_STRING, &actual_type_return, &actual_format_return,
-           &nitems_return, &bytes_after_return, &prop) != Success)
-               return (0);
-       if (actual_type_return != XA_STRING)
+       apid = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_PID");
+       pc = xcb_get_property(conn, False, win, apid, XCB_ATOM_STRING,
+               0, SWM_PROPLEN);
+       pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
+       if (!pr)
                return (0);
-       if (prop == NULL)
+       if (pr->type != XCB_ATOM_STRING)
+               free(pr);
                return (0);
-
-       ret = strtonum((const char *)prop, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
-       /* ignore error because strtonum returns 0 anyway */
-       XFree(prop);
+       ret = strtonum(xcb_get_property_value(pr), 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
+       free(pr);
 
        return (ret);
 }
 
 struct ws_win *
-manage_window(Window id)
+manage_window(xcb_window_t id)
 {
        Window                  trans = 0;
        struct workspace        *ws;
@@ -5758,11 +6329,10 @@ manage_window(Window id)
        Atom                    *prot = NULL, *pp;
        unsigned char           ws_idx_str[SWM_PROPLEN], *prop = NULL;
        struct swm_region       *r;
-       long                    mask;
        const char              *errstr;
-       XWindowChanges          wc;
        struct pid_e            *p;
        struct quirk            *qp;
+       uint32_t                event_mask;
 
        if ((win = find_window(id)) != NULL)
                return (win);   /* already being managed */
@@ -5770,14 +6340,30 @@ manage_window(Window id)
        /* see if we are on the unmanaged list */
        if ((win = find_unmanaged_window(id)) != NULL) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "manage_window: previously unmanaged "
-                   "window: 0x%lx\n", win->id);
+                   "window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&win->ws->unmanagedlist, win, entry);
-               if (win->transient) {
+               if (win->transient)
                        set_child_transient(win, &trans);
-               } if (trans && (ww = find_window(trans)))
+
+               if (trans && (ww = find_window(trans)))
                        TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&win->ws->winlist, ww, win, entry);
-               else
+               else if ((ww = win->ws->focus) &&
+                   spawn_position == SWM_STACK_ABOVE)
+                       TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&win->ws->winlist, win->ws->focus,
+                           win, entry);
+               else if (ww && spawn_position == SWM_STACK_BELOW)
+                       TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(win->ws->focus, win, entry);
+               else switch (spawn_position) {
+               default:
+               case SWM_STACK_TOP:
+               case SWM_STACK_ABOVE:
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
+                       break;
+               case SWM_STACK_BOTTOM:
+               case SWM_STACK_BELOW:
+                       TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
+               }
+
                ewmh_update_actions(win);
                return (win);
        }
@@ -5787,6 +6373,7 @@ manage_window(Window id)
                    "new window");
 
        win->id = id;
+       win->bordered = 0;
 
        /* see if we need to override the workspace */
        p = find_pid(window_get_pid(id));
@@ -5804,8 +6391,8 @@ manage_window(Window id)
        if (trans) {
                win->transient = trans;
                set_child_transient(win, &trans);
-               DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "manage_window: window: 0x%lx, "
-                   "transient: 0x%lx\n", win->id, win->transient);
+               DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "manage_window: window: 0x%x, "
+                   "transient: 0x%x\n", win->id, win->transient);
        }
 
        /* get supported protocols */
@@ -5835,7 +6422,8 @@ manage_window(Window id)
                p = NULL;
        } else if (prop && win->transient == 0) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "manage_window: get _SWM_WS: %s\n", prop);
-               ws_idx = strtonum((const char *)prop, 0, 9, &errstr);
+               ws_idx = strtonum((const char *)prop, 0, workspace_limit - 1,
+                   &errstr);
                if (errstr) {
                        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "manage_window: window: #%s: %s",
                            errstr, prop);
@@ -5863,17 +6451,38 @@ manage_window(Window id)
        win->s = r->s;  /* this never changes */
        if (trans && (ww = find_window(trans)))
                TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&ws->winlist, ww, win, entry);
-       else
-               TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ws->winlist, win, entry);
+       else if (win->ws->focus && spawn_position == SWM_STACK_ABOVE)
+               TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&win->ws->winlist, win->ws->focus, win,
+                   entry);
+       else if (win->ws->focus && spawn_position == SWM_STACK_BELOW)
+               TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(win->ws->focus, win, entry);
+       else switch (spawn_position) {
+       default:
+       case SWM_STACK_TOP:
+       case SWM_STACK_ABOVE:
+               TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
+               break;
+       case SWM_STACK_BOTTOM:
+       case SWM_STACK_BELOW:
+               TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
+       }
 
+       /* ignore window border if there is one. */
        WIDTH(win) = win->wa.width;
        HEIGHT(win) = win->wa.height;
-       X(win) = win->wa.x;
-       Y(win) = win->wa.y;
+       X(win) = win->wa.x + win->wa.border_width;
+       Y(win) = win->wa.y + win->wa.border_width;
+       win->bordered = 0;
        win->g_floatvalid = 0;
        win->floatmaxed = 0;
        win->ewmh_flags = 0;
 
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "manage_window: window: 0x%x, (x,y) w x h: "
+           "(%d,%d) %d x %d, ws: %d\n", win->id, X(win), Y(win), WIDTH(win),
+           HEIGHT(win), ws->idx);
+
+       constrain_window(win, r, 0);
+
        /* Set window properties so we can remember this after reincarnation */
        if (ws_idx_atom && prop == NULL &&
            snprintf((char *)ws_idx_str, SWM_PROPLEN, "%d", ws->idx) <
@@ -5916,16 +6525,10 @@ manage_window(Window id)
        /* alter window position if quirky */
        if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE) {
                win->manual = 1; /* don't center the quirky windows */
-               bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
-               mask = 0;
-               if (bar_enabled && Y(win) < bar_height) {
-                       Y(win) = wc.y = bar_height;
-                       mask |= CWY;
-               }
-               if (WIDTH(win) + X(win) > WIDTH(r)) {
-                       X(win) = wc.x = WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win) - 2;
-                       mask |= CWX;
-               }
+               if (bar_enabled && Y(win) < bar_height)
+                       Y(win) = bar_height;
+               if (WIDTH(win) + X(win) > WIDTH(r))
+                       X(win) = WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win) - 2;
                border_me = 1;
        }
 
@@ -5943,18 +6546,21 @@ manage_window(Window id)
 
        /* border me */
        if (border_me) {
-               bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
-               wc.border_width = border_width;
-               mask = CWBorderWidth;
-               XConfigureWindow(display, win->id, mask, &wc);
+               win->bordered = 1;
+               X(win) -= border_width;
+               Y(win) -= border_width;
+               update_window(win);
        }
 
-       XSelectInput(display, id, EnterWindowMask | FocusChangeMask |
-           PropertyChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask);
+       event_mask = XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW | XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE |
+                       XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
+                       XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY;
+
+       xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, &event_mask);
 
        /* floaters need to be mapped if they are in the current workspace */
        if ((win->floating || win->transient) && (ws->idx == r->ws->idx))
-               XMapRaised(display, win->id);
+               map_window_raised(win->id);
 
        return (win);
 }
@@ -5962,13 +6568,13 @@ manage_window(Window id)
 void
 free_window(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "free_window: window: 0x%lx\n", win->id);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "free_window: window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
        /* needed for restart wm */
-       set_win_state(win, WithdrawnState);
+       set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN);
 
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&win->ws->unmanagedlist, win, entry);
 
@@ -5989,11 +6595,12 @@ void
 unmanage_window(struct ws_win *win)
 {
        struct ws_win           *parent;
+       xcb_screen_t            *screen;
 
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "unmanage_window: window: 0x%lx\n", win->id);
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "unmanage_window: window: 0x%x\n", win->id);
 
        if (win->transient) {
                parent = find_window(win->transient);
@@ -6002,7 +6609,9 @@ unmanage_window(struct ws_win *win)
        }
 
        /* focus on root just in case */
-       XSetInputFocus(display, PointerRoot, PointerRoot, CurrentTime);
+       screen = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(xcb_get_setup(conn)).data;
+       xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
+               screen->root, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
 
        focus_prev(win);
 
@@ -6013,18 +6622,16 @@ unmanage_window(struct ws_win *win)
 
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&win->ws->unmanagedlist, win, entry);
-
-       kill_refs(win);
 }
 
 void
 focus_magic(struct ws_win *win)
 {
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_magic: window: 0x%lx\n", WINID(win));
+       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "focus_magic: window: 0x%x\n", WINID(win));
 
        if (win == NULL) {
                /* if there are no windows clear the status-bar */
-               bar_check_opts();
+               bar_update();
                return;
        }
 
@@ -6069,7 +6676,7 @@ keypress(XEvent *e)
        struct key              *kp;
        struct swm_region       *r;
 
-       keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(display, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
+       keysym = XkbKeycodeToKeysym(display, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0, 0);
        if ((kp = key_lookup(CLEANMASK(ev->state), keysym)) == NULL)
                return;
        if (keyfuncs[kp->funcid].func == NULL)
@@ -6114,9 +6721,6 @@ configurerequest(XEvent *e)
                if ((win = find_unmanaged_window(ev->window)) == NULL)
                        new = 1;
 
-       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "configurerequest: window: 0x%lx, new: %s\n",
-           ev->window, YESNO(new));
-
        if (new) {
                bzero(&wc, sizeof wc);
                wc.x = ev->x;
@@ -6126,7 +6730,28 @@ configurerequest(XEvent *e)
                wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
                wc.sibling = ev->above;
                wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
+
+               DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "configurerequest: new window: 0x%lx, "
+                   "new: %s, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d\n", ev->window,
+                   YESNO(new), wc.x, wc.y, wc.width, wc.height);
+
                XConfigureWindow(display, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
+       } else if ((!win->manual || win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE) &&
+           !(win->sh_mask & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)) {
+               win->g_float.x = ev->x - X(win->ws->r);
+               win->g_float.y = ev->y - Y(win->ws->r);
+               win->g_float.w = ev->width;
+               win->g_float.h = ev->height;
+               win->g_floatvalid = 1;
+
+               if (win->floating) {
+                       win->g = win->g_float;
+                       win->g.x += X(win->ws->r);
+                       win->g.y += Y(win->ws->r);
+                       update_window(win);
+               } else {
+                       config_win(win, ev);
+               }
        } else {
                config_win(win, ev);
        }
@@ -6350,7 +6975,14 @@ mapnotify(XEvent *e)
 
        win = manage_window(ev->window);
        if (win)
-               set_win_state(win, NormalState);
+               set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL);
+
+       /*
+        * focus_win can only set input focus on a mapped window.
+        * make sure the window really has focus since it is just being mapped.
+        */
+       if (win->ws->focus == win)
+               focus_win(win);
 }
 
 void
@@ -6410,7 +7042,7 @@ propertynotify(XEvent *e)
 
        if (ev->state == PropertyDelete && ev->atom == a_swm_iconic) {
                update_iconic(win, 0);
-               XMapRaised(display, win->id);
+               map_window_raised(win->id);
                stack();
                focus_win(win);
                return;
@@ -6431,12 +7063,8 @@ propertynotify(XEvent *e)
                    X(win), Y(win), WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win));
 #endif
        case XA_WM_CLASS:
-               if (title_name_enabled || title_class_enabled)
-                       bar_update();
-               break;
        case XA_WM_NAME:
-               if (window_name_enabled)
-                       bar_update();
+               bar_update();
                break;
        default:
                break;
@@ -6455,7 +7083,7 @@ unmapnotify(XEvent *e)
        if (win == NULL)
                return;
 
-       if (getstate(e->xunmap.window) == NormalState) {
+       if (getstate(e->xunmap.window) == XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL) {
                unmanage_window(win);
                stack();
 
@@ -6482,29 +7110,39 @@ unmapnotify(XEvent *e)
 void
 visibilitynotify(XEvent *e)
 {
-       int                     i;
+       int                     i, num_screens;
        struct swm_region       *r;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "visibilitynotify: window: 0x%lx\n",
            e->xvisibility.window);
-       if (e->xvisibility.state == VisibilityUnobscured)
-               for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+
+       if (e->xvisibility.state == VisibilityUnobscured) {
+               num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+               for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                        TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
-                               if (e->xvisibility.window == r->bar_window)
+                               if (e->xvisibility.window == WINID(r->bar))
                                        bar_update();
+       }
 }
 
 void
 clientmessage(XEvent *e)
 {
-       XClientMessageEvent *ev;
-       struct ws_win *win;
+       XClientMessageEvent     *ev;
+       struct ws_win           *win;
 
        ev = &e->xclient;
 
        win = find_window(ev->window);
-       if (win == NULL)
+       if (win == NULL) {
+               if (ev->message_type == ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom) {
+                       DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "clientmessage: request focus on "
+                           "unmanaged window.\n");
+                       e->xmaprequest.window = ev->window;
+                       maprequest(e);
+               }
                return;
+       }
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "clientmessage: window: 0x%lx, type: %ld\n",
            ev->window, ev->message_type);
@@ -6518,7 +7156,7 @@ clientmessage(XEvent *e)
                if (win->can_delete)
                        client_msg(win, adelete);
                else
-                       XKillClient(display, win->id);
+                       xcb_kill_client(conn, win->id);
        }
        if (ev->message_type == ewmh[_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW].atom) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT,
@@ -6575,12 +7213,12 @@ active_wm(void)
        /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
        XSelectInput(display, DefaultRootWindow(display),
            SubstructureRedirectMask);
-       XSync(display, False);
+       do_sync();
        if (other_wm)
                return (1);
 
        XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
-       XSync(display, False);
+       do_sync();
        return (0);
 }
 
@@ -6606,7 +7244,7 @@ new_region(struct swm_screen *s, int x, int y, int w, int h)
                        if (r->ws->r != NULL)
                                r->ws->old_r = r->ws->r;
                        r->ws->r = NULL;
-                       XDestroyWindow(display, r->bar_window);
+                       bar_cleanup(r);
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&s->rl, r, entry);
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&s->orl, r, entry);
                }
@@ -6637,7 +7275,7 @@ new_region(struct swm_screen *s, int x, int y, int w, int h)
 
        /* if we don't have a workspace already, find one */
        if (ws == NULL) {
-               for (i = 0; i < SWM_WS_MAX; i++)
+               for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++)
                        if (s->ws[i].r == NULL) {
                                ws = &s->ws[i];
                                break;
@@ -6663,21 +7301,25 @@ void
 scan_xrandr(int i)
 {
 #ifdef SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
-       XRRCrtcInfo             *ci;
-       XRRScreenResources      *sr;
        int                     c;
        int                     ncrtc = 0;
 #endif /* SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC */
        struct swm_region       *r;
-
-
-       if (i >= ScreenCount(display))
+       int                     num_screens;
+       xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_cookie_t src;
+       xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_reply_t  *srr;
+       xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_cookie_t        cic;
+       xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply_t         *cir = NULL;
+       xcb_randr_crtc_t        *crtc;
+
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       if (i >= num_screens)
                errx(1, "scan_xrandr: invalid screen");
 
        /* remove any old regions */
        while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].rl)) != NULL) {
                r->ws->old_r = r->ws->r = NULL;
-               XDestroyWindow(display, r->bar_window);
+               bar_cleanup(r);
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&screens[i].rl, r, entry);
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&screens[i].orl, r, entry);
        }
@@ -6686,30 +7328,34 @@ scan_xrandr(int i)
        /* map virtual screens onto physical screens */
 #ifdef SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
        if (xrandr_support) {
-               sr = XRRGetScreenResources(display, screens[i].root);
-               if (sr == NULL)
+               src = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources(conn, screens[i].root);
+               srr = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_reply(conn, src, NULL);
+               if (srr == NULL)
                        new_region(&screens[i], 0, 0,
                            DisplayWidth(display, i),
                            DisplayHeight(display, i));
                else
-                       ncrtc = sr->ncrtc;
-
-               for (c = 0, ci = NULL; c < ncrtc; c++) {
-                       ci = XRRGetCrtcInfo(display, sr, sr->crtcs[c]);
-                       if (ci->noutput == 0)
+                       ncrtc = srr->num_crtcs;
+               for (c = 0; c < ncrtc; c++) {
+                       crtc = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_crtcs(srr);
+                       cic = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info(conn, crtc[c],
+                               XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
+                       cir = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply(conn, cic, NULL);
+                       if (cir && cir->num_outputs == 0)
                                continue;
 
-                       if (ci != NULL && ci->mode == None)
+                       if (cir == NULL || cir->mode == 0)
                                new_region(&screens[i], 0, 0,
                                    DisplayWidth(display, i),
                                    DisplayHeight(display, i));
                        else
                                new_region(&screens[i],
-                                   ci->x, ci->y, ci->width, ci->height);
+                                   cir->x, cir->y, cir->width, cir->height);
                }
-               if (ci)
-                       XRRFreeCrtcInfo(ci);
-               XRRFreeScreenResources(sr);
+               if (srr)
+                       free(srr);
+               if (cir)
+                       free(cir);
        } else
 #endif /* SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC */
        {
@@ -6719,28 +7365,30 @@ scan_xrandr(int i)
 }
 
 void
-screenchange(XEvent *e) {
+screenchange(XEvent *e)
+{
        XRRScreenChangeNotifyEvent      *xe = (XRRScreenChangeNotifyEvent *)e;
        struct swm_region               *r;
-       int                             i;
+       int                             i, num_screens;
 
        DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "screenchange: root: 0x%lx\n", xe->root);
 
        if (!XRRUpdateConfiguration(e))
                return;
 
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
        /* silly event doesn't include the screen index */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                if (screens[i].root == xe->root)
                        break;
-       if (i >= ScreenCount(display))
+       if (i >= num_screens)
                errx(1, "screenchange: screen not found");
 
        /* brute force for now, just re-enumerate the regions */
        scan_xrandr(i);
 
        /* add bars to all regions */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
                        bar_setup(r);
        stack();
@@ -6751,70 +7399,103 @@ screenchange(XEvent *e) {
 void
 grab_windows(void)
 {
-       Window                  d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
-       XWindowAttributes       wa;
-       unsigned int            no;
-       int                     i, j;
-       long                    state, manage;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
-               if (!XQueryTree(display, screens[i].root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &no))
+       xcb_window_t            *wins   = NULL;
+       int                     no;
+       int                     i, j, num_screens;
+       uint16_t                state, manage;
+
+       xcb_query_tree_cookie_t                 qtc;
+       xcb_query_tree_reply_t                  *qtr;
+       xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t      c;
+       xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t       *r;
+       xcb_get_property_cookie_t               pc;
+
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
+               qtc = xcb_query_tree(conn, screens[i].root);
+               qtr = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, qtc, NULL);
+               if (!qtr)
                        continue;
-
+               wins = xcb_query_tree_children(qtr);
+               no = xcb_query_tree_children_length(qtr);
                /* attach windows to a region */
                /* normal windows */
                for (j = 0; j < no; j++) {
-                       if (!XGetWindowAttributes(display, wins[j], &wa) ||
-                           wa.override_redirect ||
-                           XGetTransientForHint(display, wins[j], &d1))
+                       c = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, wins[j]);
+                       r = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+                       if (!r)
+                               continue;
+                       if (r->override_redirect) {
+                               free(r);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       pc = xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for(conn, wins[j]);
+                       if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply(conn, pc, &wins[j],
+                                       NULL)) {
+                               free(r);
                                continue;
+                       }
 
                        state = getstate(wins[j]);
-                       manage = state == IconicState;
-                       if (wa.map_state == IsViewable || manage)
+                       manage = state == XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC;
+                       if (r->map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE || manage)
                                manage_window(wins[j]);
+                       free(r);
                }
                /* transient windows */
                for (j = 0; j < no; j++) {
-                       if (!XGetWindowAttributes(display, wins[j], &wa) ||
-                           wa.override_redirect)
+                       c = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, wins[j]);
+                       r = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+                       if (!r)
+                               continue;
+                       if (r->override_redirect) {
+                               free(r);
                                continue;
+                       }
+                       free(r);
 
                        state = getstate(wins[j]);
-                       manage = state == IconicState;
-                       if (XGetTransientForHint(display, wins[j], &d1) &&
-                           manage)
+                       manage = state == XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC;
+                       pc = xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for(conn, wins[j]);
+                       if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply(conn, pc, &wins[j],
+                                       NULL) && manage)
                                manage_window(wins[j]);
                }
-               if (wins) {
-                       XFree(wins);
-                       wins = NULL;
-               }
+               free(qtr);
        }
 }
 
 void
 setup_screens(void)
 {
-       int                     i, j, k;
-       int                     errorbase, major, minor;
+       int                     i, j, k, num_screens;
        struct workspace        *ws;
        XGCValues               gcv;
+       const xcb_query_extension_reply_t *qep;
+       xcb_randr_query_version_cookie_t        c;
+       xcb_randr_query_version_reply_t         *r;
 
-       if ((screens = calloc(ScreenCount(display),
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       if ((screens = calloc(num_screens,
             sizeof(struct swm_screen))) == NULL)
                err(1, "setup_screens: calloc: failed to allocate memory for "
                    "screens");
 
        /* initial Xrandr setup */
-       xrandr_support = XRRQueryExtension(display,
-           &xrandr_eventbase, &errorbase);
-       if (xrandr_support)
-               if (XRRQueryVersion(display, &major, &minor) && major < 1)
-                       xrandr_support = 0;
+       xrandr_support = False;
+       c = xcb_randr_query_version(conn, True, True);
+       r = xcb_randr_query_version_reply(conn, c, NULL);
+       if (r) {
+               if (r->major_version >= 1)
+                       xrandr_support = True;
+               free(r);
+       }
+       qep = xcb_get_extension_data(conn, &xcb_randr_id);
+       xrandr_eventbase = qep->first_event;
 
        /* map physical screens */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "setup_screens: init screen: %d\n", i);
                screens[i].idx = i;
                TAILQ_INIT(&screens[i].rl);
@@ -6828,12 +7509,10 @@ setup_screens(void)
                setscreencolor("black", i + 1, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR);
                setscreencolor("rgb:a0/a0/a0", i + 1, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT);
 
-               /* create graphics context on screen with default font color */
-               screens[i].bar_gc = XCreateGC(display, screens[i].root, 0,
-                   &gcv);
-
-               XSetForeground(display, screens[i].bar_gc,
-                   screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].color);
+               /* create graphics context on screen */
+               gcv.graphics_exposures = 0;
+               screens[i].bar_gc = XCreateGC(display, screens[i].root,
+                       GCGraphicsExposures, &gcv);
 
                /* set default cursor */
                XDefineCursor(display, screens[i].root,
@@ -6862,8 +7541,8 @@ setup_screens(void)
                scan_xrandr(i);
 
                if (xrandr_support)
-                       XRRSelectInput(display, screens[i].root,
-                           RRScreenChangeNotifyMask);
+                       xcb_randr_select_input(conn, screens[i].root,
+                               XCB_RANDR_NOTIFY_MASK_SCREEN_CHANGE);
        }
 }
 
@@ -6873,9 +7552,6 @@ setup_globals(void)
        if ((bar_fonts = strdup(SWM_BAR_FONTS)) == NULL)
                err(1, "setup_globals: strdup: failed to allocate memory.");
 
-       if ((spawn_term[0] = strdup("xterm")) == NULL)
-               err(1, "setup_globals: strdup: failed to allocate memory.");
-
        if ((clock_format = strdup("%a %b %d %R %Z %Y")) == NULL)
                err(1, "setup_globals: strdup: failed to allocate memory.");
 }
@@ -6883,26 +7559,28 @@ setup_globals(void)
 void
 workaround(void)
 {
-       int                     i;
-       Atom                    netwmcheck, netwmname, utf8_string;
-       Window                  root, win;
+       int                     i, num_screens;
+       xcb_atom_t              netwmcheck, netwmname, utf8_string;
+       xcb_window_t            root, win;
 
        /* work around sun jdk bugs, code from wmname */
-       netwmcheck = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", False);
-       netwmname = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
-       utf8_string = XInternAtom(display, "UTF8_STRING", False);
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++) {
+       netwmcheck = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK");
+       netwmname = get_atom_from_string("_NET_WM_NAME");
+       utf8_string = get_atom_from_string("UTF8_STRING");
+
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
                root = screens[i].root;
                win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display,root, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
                    screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color,
                    screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].color);
 
-               XChangeProperty(display, root, netwmcheck, XA_WINDOW, 32,
-                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&win,1);
-               XChangeProperty(display, win, netwmcheck, XA_WINDOW, 32,
-                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&win,1);
-               XChangeProperty(display, win, netwmname, utf8_string, 8,
-                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char*)"LG3D", strlen("LG3D"));
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root,
+                       netwmcheck, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &win);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win,
+                       netwmcheck, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &win);
+               xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win,
+                       netwmname, utf8_string, 8, strlen("LG3D"), "LG3D");
        }
 }
 
@@ -6916,7 +7594,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
        char                    conf[PATH_MAX], *cfile = NULL;
        struct stat             sb;
        XEvent                  e;
-       int                     xfd, i;
+       int                     xfd, i, num_screens;
        fd_set                  rd;
        struct sigaction        sact;
 
@@ -6932,6 +7610,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
        if (!(display = XOpenDisplay(0)))
                errx(1, "can not open display");
 
+       if (!(conn = XGetXCBConnection(display)))
+               errx(1, "can not get XCB connection");
+
        if (active_wm())
                errx(1, "other wm running");
 
@@ -6949,15 +7630,15 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
        sact.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP;
        sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sact, NULL);
 
-       astate = XInternAtom(display, "WM_STATE", False);
-       aprot = XInternAtom(display, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
-       adelete = XInternAtom(display, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
-       takefocus = XInternAtom(display, "WM_TAKE_FOCUS", False);
-       a_wmname = XInternAtom(display, "WM_NAME", False);
-       a_netwmname = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
-       a_utf8_string = XInternAtom(display, "UTF8_STRING", False);
-       a_string = XInternAtom(display, "STRING", False);
-       a_swm_iconic = XInternAtom(display, "_SWM_ICONIC", False);
+       astate = get_atom_from_string("WM_STATE");
+       aprot = get_atom_from_string("WM_PROTOCOLS");
+       adelete = get_atom_from_string("WM_DELETE_WINDOW");
+       takefocus = get_atom_from_string("WM_TAKE_FOCUS");
+       a_wmname = get_atom_from_string("WM_NAME");
+       a_netwmname = get_atom_from_string("_NET_WM_NAME");
+       a_utf8_string = get_atom_from_string("UTF8_STRING");
+       a_string = get_atom_from_string("STRING");
+       a_swm_iconic = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_ICONIC");
 
        /* look for local and global conf file */
        pwd = getpwuid(getuid());
@@ -6971,23 +7652,44 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
        setup_spawn();
 
        /* load config */
-       snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/.%s", pwd->pw_dir, SWM_CONF_FILE);
-       if (stat(conf, &sb) != -1) {
-               if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
-                       cfile = conf;
-       } else {
-               /* try global conf file */
-               snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "/etc/%s", SWM_CONF_FILE);
-               if (!stat(conf, &sb))
-                       if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
+       for (i = 0; ; i++) {
+               conf[0] = '\0';
+               switch (i) {
+               case 0:
+                       /* ~ */
+                       snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/.%s",
+                           pwd->pw_dir, SWM_CONF_FILE);
+                       break;
+               case 1:
+                       /* global */
+                       snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "/etc/%s",
+                           SWM_CONF_FILE);
+                       break;
+               case 2:
+                       /* ~ compat */
+                       snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/.%s",
+                           pwd->pw_dir, SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD);
+                       break;
+               case 3:
+                       /* global compat */
+                       snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "/etc/%s",
+                           SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       goto noconfig;
+               }
+
+               if (strlen(conf) && stat(conf, &sb) != -1)
+                       if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
                                cfile = conf;
+                               break;
+                       }
        }
+noconfig:
 
-       /* load conf (if any) and refresh font color in bar graphics contexts */
-       if (cfile && conf_load(cfile, SWM_CONF_DEFAULT) == 0)
-               for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); ++i)
-                       XSetForeground(display, screens[i].bar_gc,
-                           screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].color);
+       /* load conf (if any) */
+       if (cfile)
+               conf_load(cfile, SWM_CONF_DEFAULT);
 
        setup_ewmh();
        /* set some values to work around bad programs */
@@ -6999,7 +7701,8 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                setenv("SWM_STARTED", "YES", 1);
 
        /* setup all bars */
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); i++)
+       num_screens = xcb_setup_roots_length(xcb_get_setup(conn));
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
                TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
                        if (winfocus == NULL)
                                winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(&r->ws->winlist);
@@ -7013,7 +7716,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
        if (focus_mode == SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT)
                drain_enter_notify();
 
-       xfd = ConnectionNumber(display);
+       xfd = xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn);
        while (running) {
                while (XPending(display)) {
                        XNextEvent(display, &e);
@@ -7034,7 +7737,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                                    xrandr_geteventname(&e), e.type);
 
                                switch (e.type - xrandr_eventbase) {
-                               case RRScreenChangeNotify:
+                               case XCB_RANDR_SCREEN_CHANGE_NOTIFY:
                                        screenchange(&e);
                                        break;
                                default:
@@ -7052,10 +7755,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* move pointer to first screen if multi screen */
-                       if (ScreenCount(display) > 1 || outputs > 1)
-                               XWarpPointer(display, None, rr->s[0].root,
-                                   0, 0, 0, 0, X(rr),
-                                   Y(rr) + (bar_enabled ? bar_height : 0));
+                       if (num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1)
+                               xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_WINDOW_NONE,
+                                       rr->s[0].root, 0, 0, 0, 0, X(rr),
+                                       Y(rr) + (bar_enabled ? bar_height : 0));
 
                        a.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSCUR;
                        focus(rr, &a);
@@ -7085,11 +7788,11 @@ done:
        teardown_ewmh();
        bar_extra_stop();
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ScreenCount(display); ++i)
+       for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i)
                if (screens[i].bar_gc != NULL)
                        XFreeGC(display, screens[i].bar_gc);
-
        XFreeFontSet(display, bar_fs);
+       xcb_disconnect(conn);
        XCloseDisplay(display);
 
        return (0);